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Stereotypes have become a socially accepted phenomena in today’s society. So socially acceptable, in fact, they have made it onto advertising billboards and into our daily language. We do not think twice as they pass our tongues, and we do tilt our heads in concern or questioning as they pass into our ears. In Judith Butler’s essay “Besides Oneself: On the Limits of Sexual Autonomy”, stereotypes are exposed and explored. Especially stereotypes pertaining to sexual orientation. Butler explains how stereotypes are unacceptable. She does this in a way which allows her to concurrently explore what it means to be human, and also what humans do or need to make Earth a livable place for ourselves. When examining Butler’s essay, one could say, and …show more content…
She is expressing that making the world a livable place is not an easy or straightforward task. Not as straightforward as some would like it to be, that we’d be happy with just the bare minimum of food and water. Rather she is giving us something we do not normally like to hear; that it takes effort to make anything work, such as humans need to work hard in order for our world to be a livable and bearable place. In Butler’s essay she makes apparent the need to move away from judgement and toward …show more content…
When Butler tells us “The body implies morality, vulnerability, agency; the skin and the flesh expose us to the gaze of others but also to touch and to violence,” (Butler 21) she is saying that at all times while in the presence of others, our bodies are under a microscope for judgment and stereotypes. The human body has no defense against the judgement of others, it is capable of feeling many things. Violence and hate are two of those things, fear is another. It can be said fear causes most actions, such as the violence and hate associated with stereotypes. As far as stereotyping and hate-crimes goes, this is accurate. Frequently, when a person encounters a different idea, they unconsciously become frightened. They do not know how to respond or act to this new idea, so they do what a human does best in times of doubt, they close up completely to the idea. They lock it out and exclude it from the possibility of being accepted as “right” or “moral”. When a thought is placed in our heads, especially when it is placed by an emotion such as fear, it is hard to remove. This causes mass amounts of people believing in the same stereotype. Where there are stereotypes, there are hate-crimes. Hate-crimes are acts of violence fueled by prejudice and biases toward a group of people which are unlucky enough to be placed in the criminal’s mental box of
“What makes for a livable world?”, and what constitutes the human?”, are two questions Judith Butler inquires in her opening paragraph and throughout her writing that determine the mindsets of individuals throughout our society. Both of these arguments are answered differently, by different persons, within different cultures, yet play a dramatic role in Butler’s view of herself, the LGBT community, and most of all, every other human
In the essay by Judith Butler, Besides Oneself: On the Limits of Sexual Autonomy, she describes the social norms of society slowly changing and designing new social norms of society by the awareness of Gays, Lesbians, and Transgender preference people. She is also describing the struggles of everyday life for gays, lesbians, and transgender people. Butler states a question that makes a good point for this way of thought, “what makes for a livable world?”(Page 240). This question is asked to understand what a livable life is first. A livable life is life that is accepted by society. If society does not accept certain individuals because of the choices they choose to make or the way they are brought up, then society chooses to stay ignorant and uneducated on these types of situations. Individuals who are not accepted by society receive less treatment than that of some who is accepted by society. This does not only extend to gays, lesbians, and transgender, but extends to people who are less fortunate than others. People judge people. This is human life. People are influenced by other people and want they have. The media is a big part of what people strive to be like or accomplish. People watch th...
A stereotype is a fixed image of a person or thing. Specifically, a gender stereotype is a fixed image of what a boy is and what a girl is and each person may see this in a different way. An example of this is that girls love the color pink and are dainty while boys love the color blue and are aggressive which in some cases isn’t necessarily true. Stereotypes are seen throughout “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest” at various times. Many of the men in the Mental ward are in there voluntarily because they do not feel like they go along with society. They feel like they are outsiders and therefore are easily controlled by the Nurse. When Mcmurphy has been in the ward for awhile he begins to see who goes against normal gender stereotypes and how they act differently than normal people in society. Some of
There are several reasons why offenders commit hate crimes, they vary from case to case, however, one key element is fear which is caused by ignorance. The offenders fear the unknown and the competition they feel that exists, them vs. the ‘others’. When fear is accompanied by other factors it could potentially lead to a violent crime. “The
In the beginning of “The Chosen” Reuven and Danny were separated by their different religions. Danny and Reuven lived five blocks away from each other and for fifteen years they never spoke to each until this baseball game. The boy’s religious stereotypes have blocked these two boys into becoming friends earlier on in life. A stereotype is defined as a “generalization about an entire class of phenomena based on some knowledge of some members of a class.” (Wood, Fixmer-Oraiz pg. 107) Reuven’s preconceived stereotype of Hasidic Jews made him think that Danny had a “Hasidic-bred sense of superiority.” (Potok pg. 20) Reuven thought that Danny viewed himself as superior because Hasidics are known for only spending their time reading and studying
Based on the belief that Anastasia was shielded by jewels, the air was filled with rumors that the young duchess had escaped her family’s inevitable fate, took refuge into the shadows, or ran away to America. After the news spread about her possible survival, hundreds of women sprung up and claimed to be the lost Russian princess. One of the most world renown impersonators was a woman named Anna Anderson who had called “...herself Anastasia Tschaikovsky and claimed to be the youngest daughter of the murdered czar of Russia arrives in New York City” (“Anastasia Arrives”). Despite other women who have claimed to the Anastasia Romanov, Anna Anderson was the most notorious impersonator of them all. Anderson had spent many years and trials
Revel and Riot confirmed that, “In law, [a hate crime is] a crime directed at a person on the basis of characteristics such as race, religion, ethnicity, or sexual orientation.” The notion of hate crimes, unfolded in the U.S. around the late 1970s. Ever since then, numerous laws continue to pass simply to maintain these violent crimes, motivated by bias groups of people. Many citizens call for stricter laws, and harsher punishments. Some, debate that hate crimes only benefit certain groups of people, who do not belong to the group that are heavily attacked. Based on a world full of differences, those differences are what makes us a nation.
Once she signed with MGM and was given film roles and publicity shoots, the adults on set and behind the cameras made little to no effort when it came to hiding their opinions on Judy’s appearance. As only a young teenager at an already sensitive age, Judy was told to her face that her teeth were crooked, her nose was shaped weirdly and that there was a curve in her back. Louis B. Mayer, co-founder of MGM, went as far as to refer to Judy as his “little hunch-back.” (berkon123). In simpler ways, they flat out told her she was ugly, or at least wasn’t the definition of beauty they were looking for. However, while her looks were nothing to gawk at, her voice was too exceptional to lose. She was being handled with the same level
“The antipathy to marriage by a same-sex couple is deeply embedded in a history of gender roles and sex stereotypes,” argued a Commissioner of the E.E.O.C Chai Feldblum (Feldblum, “Existing Law Often Applies to Discrimination Against Gays”). Gender-role perceptions such as which female takes on the male role and which male takes on the female role again reiterates the emphasis of gender labeling. Thus, the stereotype of gender expectations is a universal stigma. As a society, the gender identity of a stranger seems to cause an inimical response if it does not conform to the cultural norm. Moreover, those who identify as transgender experience backlash for a multitude of reasons. As if struggling with one’s own gender identity and its misalignment to their encoded sex isn’t hard enough, the vigorous stereotypes on gender variance receives punitive judgement from society. This judgment creates the need to remain a “closet case” and perceive “gender history as war stories”, describes Julia Serano (Serano
As Hodson and Victoria (p.344) note, human beings are not born prejudiced. They develop prejudice through socialization process. The role of family, media, and education is crucial in the prejudice in individuals. Stereotyping involves the construction of unfounded ideas and thoughts concerning an individual. Stereotyping involves the construction of unfounded ideas and thought concerning an individual in the same social context (Farley, p.21). The development of stereotypes revolves around the association of individuals with particular labels of identity. The truth is such ideas and propositions cannot be proven in most situations (Brown, p.68). Hence, the individuals who uphold stereotypes in society become prejudiced toward the victims. The difficulty associated with changing stereotypes is connected to the length of time required for internalization. Individuals in particular classes of society are exposed to stereotypes in their social environment for a considerable amount of time. In consideration of the Emmanuel Church shooting, the perpetrator expressed stereotypical idealization of the African American community. He expressed biased attitude through the sole target of African
Hate crimes have rapidly increased, causing outbreaks across the nation, but what steps can we take to stop these? According to Dr. Jack McDevitt, a criminologist at Northeastern University in Boston Hate crimes are message crimes. Hate crimes are defined as crimes that are a violent act against people, property, or organizations. Because of the group to which they belong or identify with. One step that we as a whole can do to avoid hate crime is the way we respond to hate. If you were to respond to such a crime in a way of making the individual feel as though they have the full attention of citizens, they will continue to act in such a way. But if a community as a whole shows that this is not their main worry then 50/50 the individual will stop. Los Angeles, University psychologist Edward Dunbar, Ph.D., is examining from a clinical and forensic perspective what drives hate-crime
The Pew Research Center conducted research analyzing new hate crime statistics from the FBI. The number of hate crime has risen higher than in 2001: after 9/11. In 2001, the number of hate crimes towards Muslims was 93. In 2015 the number of hate crimes was 91. But in 2016 the number of hate crime surpassed both years with a total of 127 crimes in that year alone (Kishi). Hate crime not only consist of physical harm but mental harm too. Many Muslims are intimidated by others because they are afraid someone might inflict bodily harm. Intimidation is a form of a hate because it does not allow the person to feel safe. Anti- muslim intimidation also increased in 2016, with 144 reported victims (Kishi). Amid the recent rise in incidents of hate crimes, most Muslims in the U.S. say their community faces discrimination. In a Pew Research Center survey conducted in early 2017, ‘three-quarters of Muslim American adults (75%) say there is “a lot” of discrimination against Muslims in the U.S.” Half of U.S Muslim adults state that recently it has become harder to be Muslim and 10% state that reasoning is either discrimination, racism and prejudice. Now how is this related to stereotypes. Well a hate crime consists of two key components. One component is the actual crime itself and the second is the motive behind the crime. Often times the motive is a bias caused by false widespread stereotypes. This is
“American woman’s smile often has less to do with her actual state of happiness than it does with the social pressure” (Cunningham 327).
Hate crimes are done by people who stereotype others. They have the belief that because people are different they should be killed for being viewed as a threat or they blame all their problems on them. For example, the Holocaust in Germany where the Nazis viewed the Jewish people as an inferior race, as a reason for having lost World War I, and the cause of their economic crisis. Which made the Germans believe that the Jewish people were to not be considered people. The Holocaust happened because of the hate there was towards Jews and the anti-Semitic doctrine that was introduced by Adolf
There has been an increasing amount of hate crimes. A hate crime is criminal activity motivated by prejudice based on race, religion, ethnicity, and sexual orientation. During the last couple of years there have been five thousand, nine hundred and twenty eight incidents resulting in seven thousand, two hundred and forty two victims. In 2014 there's 784 active hate crimes against blacks.This remains far more numerous than hate crimes against the larger population of whites. The number of racial and ethnic incidents reported has fallen steadily, from about 6000 a year to 3,500 a year. In the last year the racial incidents are fifty two percent of blacks and nineteen percent of the whites. Every hour in the United States, somebody commits a hate crime. Half of the hate crimes in the nation is committed by people between the ages of fifteen and twenty four. Forty one states and the District of Columbia has laws against hate