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Essay about hydraulic fracturing
Essay about hydraulic fracturing
The future of hydraulic fracturing
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I write to express my interest in pursuing a PhD degree in hydraulic fracturing in the department of Mineral and Resource Engineering, DDD University. I am excited about the opportunities that abound for a research work in unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs and the impact of such work in enhancing optimal development and hydrocarbon recovery. I discussed my interests with Dr. John Doe, who has also obliged to serve as my supervisor should I be admitted into the doctorate program.
The role of shale oil, shale gas, tight oil and tight gas reservoirs, generally classified as unconventional reservoirs, in meeting with the ever-increasing energy demand has come under serious considerations in recent times. While significant successes have been achieved in getting some of these resources out of the ground, detailed understanding on the mechanisms that interplay in these types of reservoirs for their optimal productivity has not being thoroughly researched. This often result in significant hydrocarbons still left unrecovered after such reservoirs have been put to production using existing models and methods of recovery. In essence, there seems to be a need for better characterization of these unconventional reservoirs if they must be developed and produced optimally. It is on this premise I intend pursuing a PhD program with the hope of advancing knowledge that could help solve some part of the problem.
My interest in enhanced oil recovery and optimized production was sparked by a technical conference on oil and gas marginal fields I once attended in my home country, Nigeria. I learnt about how some multinational oil companies abandon or sell off assets which although are still rich in hydrocarbon resources, but production from s...
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...work as a PhD student. I am conversant with Visual Basic programming as well as Petrel for reservoir modeling in addition to data analysis tools in Excel.
I believe pursuing a PhD program will help broaden my knowledge and skill base and could help me contribute my quota to solving some oil and gas industry related problems. Also, I have a passion for teaching and research and I see myself staying in the academia after completing my PhD. I will not shy away either from industry based research positions if such opportunities come up in the future.
I will like to carry out my research work under the supervision of Dr. Garagash who has done extensive research in the area of hydraulic fracturing. I believe with his guidance I will be able to advance knowledge in the area of hydraulic fracturing for unconventional reservoirs.
Thank you for your consideration.
In today's global economy, energy is one of the most crucial and sought after commodities. Who supplies it and how much they supply determines how much influence they have over other countries as well as the global economy. This is why hydraulic fracturing is currently such an important and controversial topic in the United States. Hydraulic fracturing, more commonly known as "fracking" or hydrofracturing, is the process of using pressurized liquids to fracture rocks and release hydrocarbons such as shale gas, which burns more efficiently than coal. This booming process of energy production provides a much needed economic boost, creating jobs and providing gas energy for Americans.
Gas in shale formations are“low in permeability,” making it very tedious to extract, but with the increase in technological knowledge in fracking and horizontally drilling into shale beds, the vast reserves of natural gas resource could be extracted (4). Fracking is a large industrial operation that boost the “productivity of a oil or gas well” (5). It is a process by which, under very high pressure, a mixture of water, chemicals, and sand, are pumped into shale formations that causes fractures in the rocks to open wider or create new fractures that would allow otherwise trapped oil and gas to flow into the wells (6).
Current research, in the field of public health, is looking at the adverse health effects of hydraulic fracturing on community members. This research is focused on looking for evidence-based research in processes, procedures, materials and cleanup from drilling and running a well. In recent years, several states such as Maryland and New York, have called for special advisory commissions to examine the potential adverse health implications for the community if the moratoriums are lifted and fracturing is allowed to start. A lot of the previous research conducted focused on the anecdotal perspective of the adverse health effects. This perspective does not offer scientific verification that the fracturing processes are causing them or evidence where the contaminations are coming from.
One of the biggest natural resources used in fracking is water. On average, around one to eight million gallons of water are used on a fracture job. There are also around 500,000 active fracture sites around the world and each site can be fractured around 18 times. This means that roughly 72 trill...
Oil is a significant, non renewable resource that is found underground and extracted through technological processes (Grubb). Consumption rates of the substance have never been higher. Oil remains to this day a vital aspect of production in industries like plastics, fertilizers, and asphalt. World oil consumption presently rests around 83 million barrels per day (...
Before one can see the devastating effects of fracking, one must first understand how fracking works. As previously stated, the main intent of hydro-fracking is to access and harvest natural gas that lies below the surface of the Earth. Having formed over 400 million years ago by the collision of tectonic plates (Marsa 3), the Marcellus Shale plays host to a gold mine of natural gas, which is currently at the center of the fracking debate in the Northeastern region of the United States. Unfortunately, access...
Fracking has become a highly controversial and publicized topic due to rising concerns and growing analysis into the mutual benefits of hydraulic fracturing to retrieve natural gas and oil reserves. With concerns of water pollution, mismanagement of toxic waste and irreversible
In the last decade the extraction of natural gas from underground reservoirs has increased. Natural gas supplies 24% of the United States energy demand and is only expected to grow. Shale gas is natural gas that is found trapped in shale. Shale is sedimentary rocks that consist of clay minerals that have low permeability. Natural gas that is found in shale is buried in fractures below ground and must be extracted by hydraulic fracturing, also known as fracking [10]. One of the most recognized sites for the extraction of natural gas by fracking has been at the Barnett shale in the last decade. The Barnett shale is a region that extends west of Fort Worth, Texas to the Permian Basin and has been known to extend as far south into Mexico. The Barnett shale is a complex system of fractures in which the region has seen new developments in fracking to extract the natural gas from the ground [11].
Hydraulic fracturing, which is the process of natural gas extraction, has been in debate for the past few years. It was first introduced back in the late 1900s, as a beneficial way to obtain clean fuel, and it also benefitted the economy by providing employment for many. However, recent studies have shown that hydraulic fracturing is causin...
Rao, Vikram. Shale Gas: The Promise and the Peril. Research Triangle Park, NC: RTI, 2012. Print.
Omeje, K.. (2006). Oil Conflict and Accumulation Politics in Nigeria. Environmental Change and Security Program Report,(12), 44-49. Retrieved September 22, 2011, from ProQuest Science Journals. (Document ID: 1889169951).
Around the world, countries are dependent on oil and more often than not, foreign oil. The U.S. is at a time where they believe buying foreign oil supports terrorism and hurts our economy. Shale formations deep underground that spread all over the U.S. have been found to contain natural gas. This includes the Marcellus Shale formation and the Utica Shale formation, which can be found all throughout New York State and down the East Coast (Hydro-Fracking pg.1). To get at this abundance of gas underground, hydraulic fracturing was invented, but this new method of gas extraction safe for the environment and for the people around it?
oil in Nigeria. Nigeria’s large supply of high quality crude oil helped Shell climb to the top,
The measure of petroleum abundance and production in Nigeria is measured by the United States. According to the statistical data and the U.S. measures, Nigeria reserves make the country the tenth petroleum-richest nation, and by far, one of the most affluent countries in Africa. In the middle of 2001 its crude oil production was averaging around 2.2 million barrels per day. Though, there is a very prominent market for offshore rigs, nearly all of Nigeria’s primary reserves are in and around the delta of the Niger river. Ever since Nigeria became independent, it is one of the few oil producing countries that can increase its oil output drastically. The g...
An education is best valued when it is used to serve one’s community at a larger aspect- this belief has been imprinted in my judgment from the commencement of my undergraduate study. This persuasion and a natural aptitude for energy science and mathematics induced me that petroleum engineering is the most fitting career for me and developed a sense in my mind that higher study is mandatory to be competent in this field. I desire a master’s degree in Petroleum Engineering followed by a PhD not only because it is the most fulfilling way to exercise my natural talent as a scholar but also it will give me the opportunity to serve my country as she has paucity of researchers in this discipline.