From T-rex with a Sail to Aquatic Monster Recent fossil discoveries of Spinosaurus showed that specialized prehistoric artists mis-drew Spinosaurus’s head for almost a century. They also portray the fact that Spinosaurus was the first aquatic Dinosaur and many other stunning facts. Spinosaurus was discovered in 1912 and has gone through multiple changes over the years but Scientists are only guessing off some speculations and not real fossils. But finally in 2014 new discoveries were made in the Kem Kem beds of Morocco completely altering Spinosaurus’ appearance forever.
Spinosaurus’s transformation starts about a century ago and is almost unrecognizable. Believe it or not before the new 2014 aquatic Spinosaurus was unleashed, people thought
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In fact, Spinosaurus was the largest carnivorous dinosaur that ever lived and could grow up to 50 feet long (Fossilguy). This length happens to be a full ten feet longer than the world famous T-Rex and seven feet longer than Carcharodontosaurus, another huge carnivore (Fossilguy). Spinosaurus weighed about eight to ten tons when it was full grown, but the weight is unknown for juveniles. Spinosaurus was front heavy, meaning that it would have to walk on all fours most of the time rather than run around on its two back legs chasing other dinosaurs (Spinosaurus: The Largest Carnivorous Dinosaur). This walking-on-all-fours theory is supported with good evidence. This theory is also supported by many Scientists including Fossilguy who says, “It had front arms that were very robust with rigid hands; probably to support its weight when walking, since it had to walk on all four …show more content…
Yes, it did but not the things you might think it eats. Spinosaurus did not have any predators, but it probably did compete with Carcharodontosaurus and Bahariasaurus (two other large carnivores) during droughts. Spinosaurus was an aquatic predator that lived in tidal, flood plains and mangrove forests that used to border the land area where Nigeria is today (National Geographic). This water landscape, that Spinosaurus and many other dinosaur species lived in, has evolved into a completely different habitat today - the Sahara Desert, a very dry place that few animals can survive (National Geographic). These lush, moist tidal plains and forests of the Cretaceous period (112-97 million years ago) made perfect feeding grounds for Spinosaurus whose diet consisted of mainly aquatic life such as Onchopristis (a giant sawfish), Colocathus and other large freshwater fish. Spinosaurus may have hunted like a Grizzly Bear waiting for fish to swim close by, then striking lightning fast (Trey the explainer). Spinosaurus had binocular vision allowing it to see partly under and partly above water simultaneously therefore enabling it to strike at food sources that swim just a little too close. These features combined with the pressure sensors at the end of its snout make Spinosaurus a deadly aquatic
Pachycephalosaurians, thick-skulled dinosaurs such as the Stegoceras and the Pachycephalosaurus. (1) Ceratopsians and Pachycephalosaurs are closely related in their characteristics. Ceratopsians processed a saddle-shaped boney frill that extended from the skull to the neck and typically had horns over the nose and eyes. The most popular was the triceratops, which could reach over 26 feet and weigh in excess of twelve metric tons. Their frills served two major functions.
For instance, the whale, the biggest mammal that lives in the water, was found to have had legs and used to dwell on land millions of years ago. While in Pakistan, Phil Gingrich, a geologist and paleontologist, came across a fossil that resembled that of a wolf but had a “bump” on the back of the skull which was found to part of an inner ear,
Raymond Rogers, David Krause, and Kristina Curry Rogers found significant evidence that the carnivorous dinosaur, Majungatholus atopus, was also a cannibal (Krause et al 2003). The dinosaur remains of the Majungatholus atopus were dated in the late Cretaceous Period from 65 to 70 million years ago. The Majungatholus atopus inhabited the plains of the northwestern Madagascar and bones and teeth continue to be found throughout the Maevarno Formation and within the channel-belt deposits of the Anembalemba Member. The Majungatholus is commonly found, along with other vertebra taxa in ‘bonebeds’ in the Madagascar area, which is probably the reason this dinosaur is still preserved. The trio discovered teeth marks in many bones of the ribs, ilium, and precaudal axial skeleton co...
Paleontologist L.B. Tarlo said that it was very difficult to ascertain the length of Liopleurodon. This was so because no complete skeleton was found. He then predicted from the skull, the skull was approximately one-seventh of the total length of the body. When we apply this ratio to the largest skull specimen of L. ferox, the total length of the body comes out to be a little more than 10 meters. The normal size from this calculation would be around 5-7 meters in length. The weight of it was estimated to be around between 75 to 150 tons. The more recent study and the finding of the complete skull of Liopleurodon. It showed the total size of the body was actually five times more the length of the skull. Thus, reducing the expected body size of it furthermore. The maximum size that a L. ferox could reach is just up to 6.4
...ories of why dinosaurs went extinct abound, and as there is no theory yet to be truly confirmed as the “right one”, my theory of dinosaur cannibalism is also purely anecdotal. The discovery of the cannibalistic Majungatholus atopus in Madagascar is an important scientific find because it confirms a long-standing theory of cannibalism among certain carnivorous dinosaurs. Behavioral patterns of extinct animals are difficult to establish; however, these bones give authentication to previous unfounded beliefs about the ancient feeding practices of some dinosaurs.
The idea of cloning dinosaurs and other prehistoric life became popularized by the 1992 film Jurassic Park (based on Michael Crichton’s 1990 novel). Though it may have sparked new interest into the field of paleontology, it did so with deceiving inaccuracies. However, the technical fallacies of the actual dinosaurs are somewhat forgivable as it added to the film’s dramatic appeal. Velociraptor, as depicted in the film, was about the size of a grown man. In reality, velociraptor came to about the kneecap. Furthermore, velociraptor would more likely have been covered in feathers rather than the lizard-like skin portrayed in the movie. One scene shows velociraptor fogging the window of a door. This is an endothermic or warm blooded trait as it implies the dromaeosaurid’s body temperature is above the temperature of his environment. There is also no evidence of dilophosaurus bearing a neck frill, and brachiosaurus did not have the ability to chew his food in a circular motion (iguanodon was the first dinosaur to develop this technique by acquiring back molars to allow for equine or bovine-like chewing). Fortunately, tyrannosaurus remained very close to his biological authenticity, with the only paleobiological errors stemming from a lack in computer animation such as rudimentary ball and joint programs. However, the erroneous nature of the deoxyribonucle...
In an article entitled Tyrannosaurus was not a fast runner, those experts, John R. Hutchison and Mariano Garcia provide us with a detailed account of a recent study they did. Their study is described in an article entitled Biomechanics: Walking with tyrannosaurs by Andrew A. Biewener. Biewener states that Hutchinson and Garcia, “introduce a new biomechanical approach,” to the question of dinosaur movement and provide an, “a...
At a time, scientists believed all dinosaurs were cold-blooded. However, with a recent discovery of a dinosaur found with a fossilized heart in the northern part of South Dakota in 1993, many paleontologists are starting to think that there were some dinosaurs that were warm blooded.
Although multifarious people may believe, that the Tasmanian devil is a vicious animal, they are not as vicious as they seem. These devils will feed off of other dead animals, and won’t go hunt for their food. Tasmanians are an endangered species. They are a carnivorous marsupial. Even though they look adorable, they are extremely fierce. The species scientific name is Sarcophilus Harrisii . (“Tasmanian Devil, Sarcophilus harrisii”).
Every so often a discovery is made that attempts to shake up pre-conceived notions of how the dinosaurs actually lived or how they came to be. On June 22, 2000, in Oregon, scientists announced the discovery of the oldest known animal to have feathers. Though no records indicate how the age of the animal was determined, the fossil was dated at 220 million years old. It lived at the time of the very earliest dinosaurs, and about 75 million years before the first known bird.1[1]
This idea was reinforced when a Diplodocus (a type of sauropod that lived in the late Jurassic) skull was found in 1884 that contained a large hole in the top of the head. Scientists believed that this hole contained the entire nostril (Witmer 2001; ). This positioning of the nostrils was used for many other models of dinosaurs as well, but when it was discovered that...
Dinosaurs are an extinct group of animals that thrived for 165 million years starting 230 million years ago in the Late Triassic period of the Mesozoic Era. Despite being extinct for the past 65 million years and not being able to study them in their true form, scientists have been able to estimate many different behaviors of dinosaurs. This paper will show that the close study and examination of different types of body and trace fossils, along with animal models, can be provided as evidence to estimate different types of behaviors in dinosaurs. The different types of behaviors examined below will fall into the categories of: mating; reproduction and nesting; social lives; locomotion; feeding; and fighting. To begin, a great deal of information gathered from fossils and compared to living animal models have been used to estimate mating behaviors.
...ll. This group still remained successful during the Jurassic period and had a wide geopraphic distribution. Other reptiles evolved to not only live on land, but to fly. The earliest known birds appeared during this period; Archaeoteryx being the first to be considered the intermediate between the birds and predatory dinosaurs. It is debated on whether this ancient bird could actually fly or merely glid from tree to tree. Carnosaurus, meaning “meat-eating” is another group of dinosaurs that ruled during the Jurassic. With such large herbivorous prey animals, the correlation of these large predators make sense of why they were so common. An Allosaurus was one of the most common Carnosaurs in North America. Upon finding numerous intact skeletons in fossil beds, it has been reported that the Allosaurus was superficially similar to the later evolving Tyrannosaurus rex.
Until recently, scientists believed the chances of finding a fossilized dinosaur heart were extremely slim. The heart belonged to a 66 million year old dinosaur found in Harding County in Northwestern South Dakota. The dinosaur, found in 1993, weighed over 650 pounds and was 13 feet long. The dinosaur was in fairly good condition with the exception of the left side of the skeleton. The small, plant-eating Thescelosaurus, nicknamed ‘Willo’ has been acquired by the North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences. Thescelosaurus was an ornithischian, or "bird-hipped," dinosaur that lived in the latter stage of the Cretaceous period. This was approximately 1 million years before the end of the dinosaur era. Native to North America, its range extended from the northern United States up into Canada. Since using the 3-D software to reveal Willo's heart, scientists have also used it to create 3-D images of the fossil's skull, and of remains from other dinosaurs in the museum's collection. (Fisher, Paul)
The Triceratops (figure 1) was and herbivore that lived in the late Cretaceous period, which was around 125 million years ago. The Triceratops existed at least 66 million years ago. It was a Rhinoceros-like dinosaur that had a sturdy body structure. It had four legs, three horns, and big eyes. Triceratopses were very complex.