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Spanish Inquisition 19th century
Spanish Inquisition 19th century
Spanish Inquisition 19th century
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What is an inquisition? Technically, it means a religious court or tribunal to determine to future of heretics and offenders to the church. In the late 15th century, an inquisition meant much more the words it's defined by. Many inquisitions were held during the Dark Ages of Europe to protect the almighty Catholic Church from naysayers and nonbelievers. However, there was one inquisition during this time period that was more than a trial. The Spanish Inquisition was the engine of the machine that was the Spanish Empire. It began with the marriage of King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella. These two royalties united the two Catholic kingdoms of Castile and Aragon. While the persecution of Jews and Muslims may have resulted in thousands of deaths, …show more content…
The idea of the reconquering the land the once inhabited floated around Christian clergy for some time. Finally, the unification of the kingdoms Castile and Aragon was final ingredient to the recipe of destruction. The monarchy created something for Spaniards to support to feel like one nation. The only thing now that was standing in the way to reconquest of Spain were the Moors of Granada and the many Jews and Protestants in hiding. Anti-Semitism had not impacted Spanish Jews as much; generally allowing them to live quiet lives in secret. The Spanish Inquisition, in 1478, was established with an inquisitor, or overseer, heading the operations. As it became apparent the Inquisition was evolving into something bigger than anyone would have interpreted, Pope Sixtus IV attempted to impede its progress to no avail. If the highest power if the Catholic Church couldn't control the true power of its inquisition, then nothing would stop …show more content…
While most of the people living in 15th century Spain struggled financially, the small population that had money was the Jewish population. The church disguised their true motives by explaining to the people. The Christians persecuting and executing the Jews believed they were saving them from their doom. Since they had already committed the most hateful sin in the Christians eyes by practicing another religion, the only way to save their lives from going to the underworld was dying at the hands of Gods children. The government seized their lost property and their riches were used to stabilize the country’s economy. Eventually, this would prove vital to the survival and unification of the country. Lastly, if the inquisition did anything to the Spaniards, it united them under the Catholic religion to rid heretics from their land. It aligned all the people in Spain in the same religion and political ideology. In 1478, King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella asked for the Pope’s permission to begin the inquisition. This first major decision by the Catholic Monarchy would set in place change that everyone agreed on. The conquering of the Moors in Granada certainly was its most valuable accomplishment. Modern day Spain may be completely different if Catholics don’t reconquer
In Spain at the time, the church had authority second only to the crown. The position of a Catholic priest was well-nigh unassailable in the world of the Spanish empire. In fact Spanish priests led the Spanish inquisition, purging society in Spain of Jews, unreligious peoples and those who disagreed with the church. A group that was capable of policing society separate from the power of the government and the monarch had a great amount of power in society and people looked up to priests as role models.
Bartolome de Las Casas was a Christian Priest that accompanied the Spaniards on their conquest of the Indies, and is a witness to the crimes and massacres committed against the natives. De Las Casas documented specific events where the Spaniards wronged the natives but makes it clear that there were far more incidents than the ones he reports. His audience is the Christian community in Castile (modern day Spain), and the Monarch. His aim in this documentation was to inform the formerly mentioned groups who are ignorant of the accounts and are financing the Spaniards expeditions to possibly put a stop to the Spaniards reign of terror. That’s also the reason why De Las Casas didn’t express contempt for the Roman Catholic Church or the Monarch; they were unaware of what was happening.
The English reconquest of Spain was a series of events leading to the Christian regaining the control of the Iberian Peninsula. During the time, the Christian and Islamic cultures had built off of each other, both economically and socially. Ferdinand II and his wife Isabella I where the catholic monarchs that played a key role in the success of the reconquest of the Peninsula. Their marriage was a political alliance between Argon and Castilian nobles as a way for them to unite. While their marriage was not for romance or love, the two did deeply care about each other and made quite the power couple, literally. As a team, Ferdinand and Isabella were able to gain control over Castile and keep fighting until their conquest was over. Ferdinand
Isabella then desired to boost her control over Spain by establishing the Spanish Inquisition. Its role was to abolish heresy and make Spain a Christian nation (“Spain: History”). The Inquisition officially lasted from 1478 to 1808 (“Queen Isabella’s Influence in the New World”).
Finally, when it came down to the types of ceremonies and views both civilizations had, they were on two different pages. The Natives believed happiness was the key to good fortune. So, in order to get that fortune, they’d do sacrifices, and rituals to please the “mighty ones”. Then, as stated in the book “A History of Latin America”, it says, “Jews publicly converted to Christianity to avoid the torture…”, In which, this showed how religion and the spiritual views were forced upon people in the Spanish civilization.
The Inquisition run by Tomas de Torquemada persecuted other religions and was a base of counter-reformation
Before Columbus landed in the West Indies in 1492, The Spanish Inquisition made it known to anyone within Spain’s domain of influence that if a person was not of the Catholic religion, they were to be punished severely and sometimes even fatally. This influence would undoubtedly be brought over to the Americas a century later, as the colonization of the New World would begin by then. While it was very essential for the Spanish (as well as the Portuguese) to improve their economy by using the resources they found in Latin America, it seemed to a number of them as if that was the only reason for being there, or the main reason at the very least. During the Spanish Inquisition and from that point after, it was the Pope’s main goal, to convert everyone to Roman Catholicism; an opportune moment arrived as the Americas were found, along with the Natives who resided there who were waiting to be converted.
The word “inquisition” means to examine. Inquisitors would “examine” suspected Heretics, people whose ideas do not match those of the Roman Catholic Church, and punish them accordingly. This included torture and burning. The great inquisition movement that took place in Spain, or Hispania as it was called before Spain united. It was called The Spanish Inquisition. It took place for approximately five hundred years, from the late 15th century to mid 19th century. Many ironic elements were involved in the history of the Inquisition. The Spanish Inquisition lasted longer than any other preceding it, and was the most cruel, bloodthirsty, and festive of all. The objective of the inquisition, in its early state, was to convert all Jews into Christians, but later it mutated into an ugly machine who’s new objective was to rid the country of the newly converted Christians.
The Reconquista is what began the way for Christian kingdoms to expand. Christians across Europe united to help the Spaniards win the territory from the Muslims. Once the Reconquista had ended, it led to the power that the Spanish military then had. The Reconquista had a major part in changing the way the Spaniards thought. Anyone who rejected Christianity to the men who fought in the Reconquista who felt that they were in higher power became enslaved to them. Muslims and Jews had no other choice but to convert to Christianity once Spain gained back their authority. This is mainly what drew the Spaniards to be so devoted to converting people to Christianity.
However, the methods that were used by the Spanish Christians were not based on moral foundations and went as far as enslaving the Indians. This paper seeks to expound on the relationship between the Spanish and the Native Americans, and the role of Christianity in the Spanish conquest. The Spanish missionaries aided the activities of the Spain colonists by covering all the places preaching the word of God. Most individuals were Christians, and native Spain was entirely dominated by Catholics.
Proving to be the paramount of the conflict between faith and reason, the European Enlightenment of the eighteenth century challenged each of the traditional values of that age. Europeans were changing, but Europe’s institutions were not keeping pace with that change.1 Throughout that time period, the most influential and conservative institution in Europe, the Roman Catholic Church, was forced into direct confrontation with these changing ideals. The Church continued to insist that it was the only source of truth and that all who lived beyond its bounds were damned; it was painfully apparent to any reasonably educated person, however, that the majority of the world’s population were not Christians.2 In the wake of witch hunts, imperial conquest, and an intellectual revolution, the Roman Catholic Church found itself threatened by change on all fronts.3 The significant role that the Church played during the Enlightenment was ultimately challenged by the populace’s refusal to abide by religious intolerance, the power of the aristo champions of reform and print culture, the philosophers, who shared a general opposition to the Roman Catholic Church. By the end of the seventeenth century, the fanatical witch hunts of Western Europe led by the Church had begun to die away.4 Although "witches" were still tried by the clergy and clergy-controlled governments, the massive witch hunts of the Middle Ages had been abandoned in search of more reasonable and plausible explanations of the unknown.
This disunity of what is supposed to be a single Muslim community (umma) made many Muslims angry and gave them the idea that religion needed to be purified, this sparked a purification of religion in Christianity as well. This eventually led to Islamic Spain falling into the hands of Ferdinand and Isabel who expelled all Muslims from Spain and ended the long-lived Islamic Spain. Bibliography Ansary, Tamim. Destiny Disrupted: A History of the World Through Islamic Eyes. New York: Public Affairs, 2010.
Spanish Inquisition (1478-1834): In the late 1400s, Catholic Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand wanted to establish Spain as a Catholic country. They wanted everyone in their kingdom to be Catholic. The Spanish Inquisition was the Roman Catholic court to find the Muslims and Jews practicing their own religion against Christianity. In the year of 1492 the last Muslim country Granada fell to Spanish rule, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand had completed the Reconquista and the Inquisition that affected many Jews, Muslims and Christians started taking serious effects.
The Roman Catholic Church had complete influence over the lives of everyone in medieval society, including their beliefs and values. The Church’s fame in power and wealth had provided them with the ability to make their own laws and follow their own social hierarchy. With strong political strength in hand, the Church could even determine holidays and festivals. It gained significant force in the arts, education, religion, politics as well as their capability to alter the feudal structure through their wealth and power. The Church was organised into a hierarchical system that sustained the Church’s stability and control over the people and lower clergy, by organising them into different groups.
The motivation behind the establishment of the Spanish Inquisition is definitely questionable. The modern Catholic Church and non-Catholics alike even regard it as an urban legend due to the shaky and distorted religious foundation of the inquisition. It particularly targeted converted Jews who were accused of practicing Judaism and were ‘coincidently’ rich or powerful in some aspect. It was used as a repressive tool to gain control of the Spanish Crown and local political authorities. These motives were disguised as a justifiable desire for religious unity in the country by terminating the heretics.