South Sudan is, to put it simply, a toddler. It is unstable, somewhat unpredictable, and most importantly young. Consider the fact that the country we live in, the United States of America, is over two centuries old. It is then not too hard to imagine why a country only about three years old would be considered the most fragile nation in the world. It is not only South Sudan's infantilism that has led to this fragility. In South Sudan's three short years of existence, it could not experience greater development because of its lack of manufacturing and agriculture, poor social conditions, long-standing tribal conflicts, and lack of infrastructure. Prior to independence, South Sudan was a part of Sudan. There had been long standing tension between …show more content…
The many years of oppression leading up to its independence left the country with little to build on. Today, South Sudan is in the midst of what scholar Walt Whitman Rostow refers to as the pre-conditions for take off. He states "in many recent cases, for example, the traditional society persisted side by side with modern economic activities, conducted for limited economic purposes by a colonial or quasi-colonial power" (Rostow). Politically, he claims, the "building of an effective centralized national state--on the basis of coalitions touched with a new nationalism, in opposition to the traditional landed regional interests, the colonial power, or both, was a decisive aspect of the preconditions period; and it was, almost universally, a necessary condition for take-off." It is too early now to know for sure if South Sudan will make it to the final stages of development and the luxuries of advanced technology and mass …show more content…
South Sudan has no manufacturing, commercial agricultural base or services sector. As political scientist Robert Hunter Wade said, when a rising amount of domestic resources has to go into acquiring a given amount of imports, other domestic uses of those resources are squeezed, including measures to reduce poverty, to finance civil services and schools and the like. When so much of the nation's capitol is invested in simply maintaining order and working to improve the lives of the impoverished rural community, there is no opportunity for the state to become competitive in the international market. South Sudan is a nation with rich oil reserves, however lacks the organization and structure to take advantage of them. Once this problem is solved, the stage is set for a domino affect. The advancement of this industry would create jobs, which would help to lift many families out of poverty. The lessening of poverty could then lead to less violence over resources. This positive chain reaction could continue on, and eventually lead the nation into a more complete state of
The lost boys of Sudan did not only show courage but also perseverance when they were forced to flee their home, leaving everything behind to find safety, after their village and all their loved ones were destroyed by the war.
It is due this circumstance that the fight in Darfur, which originated from conflict over land, water and additional capitals amongst black farmers and Arab nomads, has transformed into a gory tragedy. The Darfur crisis has exposed the racial issues in Sudan which had been ready to burst into flames for a long period time. What makes it a racial conflict is that the Muslim Arab Janjaweed militia, are attacking black African Muslims. Both sides share the same Muslim beliefs but cannot live in harmony. If the southerners are not awarded the same rights as the northerners, they will continue to fight.
In spite of various failed attempts of secession in many African countries, Eritrea and South Sudan were successful in getting independence, with international and regional actors’ recognition. But the question remains whether these countries are on the right track to address the main challenges that emerge in the aftermath of secession, in the process of peacebuilding and state building in particular with issues of human rights, political stability and development for their people who voted for secession during referendums.
Economic ways started in the nineteenth century, still have a hold on the countries of the sub-Sahara today. These countries are all impoverished and have seen horrific civil wars, however, the general consensus is that they are making slow improvements in their economy. The starvation, overpopulation and health problems are still very evident. Perhaps continued assistance coupled with education and protection will keep them on the road to stability and more rewarding lives for their citizens.
The disagreement between these two parties along with the exclusion of southern Sudan fueled civil unrest. Civil war broke out in 1955, in 1956 Sudan had become an independent nation, but the civil war continued. In 1972 a peace agreement was signed between the Southern Sudan Lib...
War is calamitous, war is corrosive, and war has eradicated the strongest of states. Empires have been defeated by war, ancient civilizations have been destroyed and dissipated, yet, war has remained a weapon of political propaganda for centuries. War has “[...] kill[ed] people, destroy[ed] resources, retard[ed] economic development, ruin[ed] environments, spread disease[s], expand[ed] governments, militarize[d] societies, reshape[d] cultures, disrupt[ed] families, and traumatize[d] people.” (Levy & Thompson, 2010, p. 1) It is the most destructive form of human behavior, a social demeanor that undermines the sovereignty and security of a state, a conduct that can change the global hegemony instantaneously, but likewise, a bearing that is imperative to humanity and the political realm.
Throughout Northern and Central Africa ethnic fighting and mass genocide has run rampant. Clashes between, diverse ethnic and cultural people has caused instability, these mass humanitarian disasters that can no longer be ignored. With the help of other nations South Sudan can go from another mass genocide waiting to happen, to a region supplier of much needed resources, with the help of other nations. In the 1990’s Rwanda genocide was basically ignored by the United States government and because of this hundreds of thousands were either killed or injured in the area. In the early 2000’s the war in Darfur, created a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Darfur's non-Arabs. Again thousands of Africans were killed and the United States government and the American people ignored genocide.
Between 1820 and 1956, Sudan was colonized by name empires; however, the one that left a legacy still visible today was that of the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium. Like most other European colonies, the British took license drawing borders around territories with little regard for the ethnicities living in the region. The new borders created by the British in Southern Sudan supported and isolated the many different tribes located there. As a result, these groups began warring with each other, and the British were reluctant to intervene. The wretched state of Sudan today can be attributed to the legacy of the British rule and the ethnic rivalries they left in their wake.
The recent Civil War in Congo has been a bloody flight, causing more then 3.3 million deaths in just 4 short years.1 Various rebel and ethnic groups have have been involved in the violence, fighting over Congo's rich natural resources or engaged in a bitter ethnic war. With so many opposing factions, it has made reaching a solution difficult. While a rough peace treaty has been established, sporadic fighting pops up in the country everyday. The people of Congo are being pushed farther into poverty and starvation can't handle the fighting for very much longer. I propose that the solution to the post-Civil War violence in Congo is to rid the country of all foreign nations and their problems, namely the Rwandans, and to get combatants inside of the country to hold a summit and find a peaceful and fair resolution to the problem, with a superpower like the United States acting as host and mediator. Once all quarrels are amended, the Congolese can start to focus on a economic strategy for rebuilding the country.
South Sudanese independence thus far has been quite detrimental than beneficial to the people of South Sudan. On July 9, 2011, the 54th African state was born. Independence was fought to fight challenges that, as part of Sudan it endured for 56 years; however its current state has brought about challenges from within . This essay will discuss a brief history of Sudan and South Sudan and then analyse President Salva kiir’s speech in contrast to Former Nelson Mandelas’.
Over a period from 1960-1965, the first Republic of the Congo experienced a period of serious crisis. There was a terrible war for power that displayed senseless violence and the desperation to rule. There were many internal conflicts among the people. The country eventually gained independence from Belgium. For many countries this would be a time for celebration. Unfortunately for the people of the Congo this became a time to forget. Almost immediately after independence and the general elections, the country went into civil war. Major developed cities like Katanga and Kasai wanted to be independent from the Lumumba government. Different factions started to fight the government and Katanga and Kasai tried to secede from the rest of the country out of fear of the mutinous army that was out of control looting and killing.
In the words of Halima Bashir, “my whole life is one bad luck story” (261). Education is a massive issue in Tears of the Desert. Halima is relentlessly struggling for her right to learn and be treated equally in Sudanese schools. Additionally, Sudan’s education system is far more challenging to succeed in than America’s and is often cut short for most due to personal obstacles. Halima sincerely uses friendships to her advantage and tries to break the silence between the people of Sudan about how tainted the country’s educational system certainly is. One could imply, that Sudan is a corrupt country as a whole.
The newest country in the world is South Sudan, which gained its independence from Sudan on July 9, 2011, as a result of a referendum that passed with 98.83% of the vote. South Sudan is one of the poorest countries in Africa, although it has the third largest oil reserves in Sub-Saharan Africa. Though it is currently a sovereign state, South Sudan still faces issues that can disrupt its stability and eventually lead into the new nation’s first civil war.
The question to be answered in this paper is to what extent has the resource curse affected the Nigerian economy and government? Resource curse is a term that states the observation that countries that have a plethora of natural resources (e.g. oil, coal, diamonds etc.). usually have unstable political and economic structures (Sachs, 827). Nigeria is categorized as a nation that has succumbed to the resource curse as it has an abundance of, and an overdependence on, oil, and a decreasing gross domestic product (GDP) (Samuels, 321-322). Nigeria is known for its specialization and overdependence on oil and according to Ross, nations of such nature tend to have high levels of poverty, large class gaps, weak educational systems, more corruption within the government, and are less likely to become democracies (Ross, 356).
Furthermore, political instability causes uncertainty and, at its most extreme, complete economic breakdown. Take Sudan in Africa thi...