Bone and soft-tissue sarcomas can develop from many different tissues such as the bone or muscle. Sarcomas can occur anywhere in the body and are not common. Sarcomas may be found in the trunk, internal organs, head and neck area, and the back area of the abdominal cavity. There are approximately 50 different types of soft tissue sarcomas that can occur in the body. Symptoms of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas are lumps, pain in stomach or digestive tract, swelling in the area of pain, weight loss and exhaustion and pain will increase as the cancer spreads (National Cancer Institute).
Rhabdomyosarcoma are sarcomas that develop from the connective tissues, including muscles, fat bones, the lining of joints, or blood vessels. This cancer can also appear in skeletal muscles. These sarcomas are generally found in the head and neck, the urinary and reproductive organs (bladder, prostate gland, or female organs), legs and arms, or the chest and abdomen. There are two types of rhabdomyosarcoma; the embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and the Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. The embryonal effects children ages five years old and younger and is the most common type. This tends to occur in the bladder, vagina, testicles and prostate or in the head and neck area. Symptoms of rhabdomyosarcoma are bulging of the eye or a drooping eyelid; ear
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Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the body. This diseases causes anemia, which can lead to the destruction of red blood cells. Possible symptoms include fussiness, paleness, frequent infections, poor appetite, failure to grow well and jaundice or enlarged organs. The treatment depends on the type and severity of this disease. Treatment options include: bone marrow transplants, blood transfusions, medications and supplements and possible surgery to remove the spleen and/or gallbladder (Thalassemia, healthline,
but they are often more aggressive in adults than children. In adults, tumors in the hypothalamus are more likely to be metastatic (resulting form the spread of cancer form another organ to the hypothalamus) than they are when they occur in children. Peter Heage, of Colorado, was diagnosed with a hypothalamic brain tumor. He said that he was having headaches too often,
Sarcoma is a cancer that arises from mesenchyme-originated cells (i.e., bone or muscle) and can be either bone or soft tissue. Carcinoma is a cancer that arises from epithelial cells ("What is a soft tissue sarcoma?").
... occurs in the shin, thigh, and upper arm, but not explicitly. This can be localized, meaning in one place on the body, or metastic, having spread to other parts. This cancer is more common in male teens than any others. For the greatest part, teens suffering from osteoarcoma do recover. The survival rate for this cancer, if localized, is 70-75%. ("Osteosarcoma" Teens Living with Cancer.) If this cancer spreads, it is customarily to the lungs of the patient. X-rays are generally the first diagnostic test. Biopsies are performed to make the final and certain diagnosis. This disease’s treatments include chemotherapy, and surgery, ordinarily together. Radiation, though uncommon, can be used as a treatment for osteosarcoma. After treatments, it is recommended the patient receives follow up care to monitor the cancer in case it returns or any side effects are present.
Anemia is a disease that is commonly seen in veterinary medicine. This disease can be described as having low amounts of red blood cells and a reduced amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. It develops from loss, destruction or lack of production of red blood cells. Anemia is usually a secondary disease caused by another disease or medical condition. There are three different types of anemia; regenerative, non-regenerative and relative.
Osteosarcoma, characterized as a neoplasm that produces osteoid, is a highly malignant tumor that develops predominantly in the metaphysis of the long bones, often in the distal femur and proximal tibia. More rare osteosarcomas may develop in the soft tissue. Although the malignancy usually arises in the medullary cavity of the metaphysis of a growing tubular long bone, less frequent growth patterns can develop on the surface on the bone. Surface osteosarcomas, as well as being significantly rarer, are also of a low grade, where else medullary osteosarcomas are of an aggressive nature, making it high grade. Osteosarcomas may also be confined to the cortex, and can even originate in an extraskeletal site.
Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder characterized by low amounts of hemoglobin and a low count of erythrocytes in the body. Thalassemia is caused by mutations in the deoxyribonucleic acid of cells, which makes hemoglobin. The mutations are passed from parent to child. The mutations vary depending on the type of Thalassemia inherited. The variation in the mutation occurs from the number of gene mutations, which are inherited, as well as mutation within the hemoglobin molecule. Clinical manifestations are diverse ranging from asymptomatic, to those who are carriers of the thalassemia, which may have mild symptoms, there also people who posses the trait, who may have severe symptoms which lead to death.
Sickle cell anemia is a blood disorder that affects hemoglobin (pronounced: hee-muh-glow-bin), a protein found in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout the body.
There are many causes of anemia in the body. Some factors include genetics and deficiencies in the diet. Ms. A claims that for the past 10 – 12 years menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal have been a problem for her. Menorrhagia is abnormal and heavy menstrual bleeding during menstruation (Mayoclinic, 2013). Menorrhagia can deplete iron levels in the blood and increase the risk of an individual to have iron deficiency anemia. This is the cause of Ms. A’s anemia. Moreover, Ms. A says that she constantly takes aspirin especially in the summer to prevent stiffness in the joints. Aspirin affects and hinders the production of red blood cells (Mayoclinic, 2013). From the description of anemia given above, the lack of red blood cells, leads to low levels of iron and therefore low levels of hemoglobin which in turn affects the transportation of oxygen and thereby causing shortness of breath. Ms. A’s initial complains of shortness of breath and fatigue is the reason why she went to see the physician.
Sickle Cell is a disease that affects many people in the world today. It is the number one genetic disorder in the United States. Sickle Cell is deficient hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is what functions in providing oxygen to the cells in the body. The sickle shape comes from the atypical hemoglobin s molecules. Hemoglobin molecules are composed of two different parts called the alpha and beta. The beta subunit of the hemoglobin molecule has a mutation in gene, on chromosome 11 which produces the change in the red blood cell shape causing them to die and not reproduce accurately. The change in shape causes the red blood cells to get stuck in the blood vessels and block the effectiveness of oxygen transport causing pain and organ damage to the body. This disease does not have a cure and some common treatments are used to help patients live with the disease. Some treatment options are antibiotics (penicillin) to prevent infections, blood transfusions, folic acid that help produces new blood cells. These are just some of the current treatments for Sickle Cell.
Iron is a mineral that is found the in hemoglobin of the Red Blood Cells. It facilitates in the transport of oxygen all over the body. Without this mineral, oxygen cannot be carried to its full capacity. 1 out of 10 women and small children have iron deficiencies. Lacking iron causes lethargy and a weakened immune system. Children who do not have an adequate intake of iron put themselves at risk for intellectual developmental problems. However, an iron deficient person is not necessarily anemic. 7.8 million women are iron deficient, while only 3.3 million women are anemic (http://www.mayohealth.org/mayo/9704/iron_def.htm). When the deficiency becomes so severe that the circulating Red Blood Count and the minerals Ht, Hg, and Hem drop below normal, anemia occurs (See Figure 1). The hormone androgen causes men and women to have different normal values of the hemogram (http://www.medstudents.com.br/hemat/hemat4.htm). Low ferritin (iron storage molecule) and high TIBC (tota...
Thalassemia is basically a name for similar groups of inherited blood diseases that involve missing or abnormal genes regarding the protein in hemoglobin which is the red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body. I will discuss the different types of Thalassemia, how Thalassemia is diagnosed, and the treatments available. I will also discuss the complications and side effects of the treatments, the disease’s causes and effects, and how it is more dominant in some parts of the world than others. Thalassemia is a blood disorder which means the body makes fewer healthy red blood cells and less hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen throughout the body and having less hemoglobin leads to anemia. Alpha globin and beta globin are the proteins that create Hemoglobin. A defect in the gene that helps control production of alpha or beta goblin leads to Thalassemia. Fewer blood cells leads to anemia, which is the common culprit in Thalassemia.
One of the main disease of the integumentary system is skin cancer. Skin cancer affects more than one million people each year in the United States. The people with lighter and fairer skin are more prone to skin cancer. The cancer occurs when normal skin cells undergo a change during which they grow and multiply without normal controls. As the abnormal cells multiply they form a tumor. Signs and symptoms include firm, pearly bump with visible and spiderlike tiny blood vessels. Red, tender, flat spot that bleeds easily. Small, fleshy bump with a smooth, pearly
How does one see the symptoms for childhood cancer? First one must know that there are many different types. There are forty different types of children’s cancer, including: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Sarcomas, cancers of the nervous system, liver cancers, kidney cancer, and more. Out of these cancers, the two most common childhood cancers are Leukemia, and brain tumors. What is leukemia? It is a cancer in which the bone marrow and other organs that produce blood produce and increased amount of immature or abnormal white blood cells. The symptoms of leukemia are paleness, excessive bruising, pain in the joints, and fatigue. Brain tumors are formed when a massive amount of cells are produced on the brain. The symptoms for this are frequent headaches, vomiting, seizures, decreased coordination, weakness, and problems concerning vision.
Thalassemia is a blood disorder transferred through families. It occurs when the body makes less hemoglobin than needed or an unusual form of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carry oxygen. The disorder makes an excessive amount of destruction of red blood cells. This eventually leads to anemia.
However, if the bone involved is deep within the body tissues, then a lump cannot be noticed. If the bone cancer involves a joint, then the swelling and redness may make using the joint difficult. IF the affected joint is in the leg, it can cause a limp and if it involves spine, it may press on nerves, causing numbness and tingling in the limbs. If the bones of the neck is affected with cancer then, a lump may develop on the back of the throat that can lead to trouble swallowing or breathing trouble.