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Analysis of media bias
Psychology chapter 14 social psychology
Effects of media bias on society
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Dylan Middleton English 2112 Professor Ricki Weaver 3 May 2014 “And of Clay We Are Created,” by Isabel Allende, offers an observation of what social psychologists know to as the bystander effect. In the story, Azucena is a young girl, trapped in the muck, in need of a great amount of assistance. As she suffers and countless reporters are on the scene filming, no one ever stops filming to aid her. The reporters care more about getting the story than saving the precious life of another human being. As the story progresses, Allende connects Eva Luna to Rolf and Azucena use voyeurism as a key dramatic device. Using the interpersonal relationships of the characters, Allende takes a look at how voyeurism can be a contributing factor to the growth of social insensitivity to another’s needs. In this story, Allende paints a picture of a little girl who is having what should be a near death experience, but will instead lead to her demise. This change is a result of the fact that even though a passel of reporters and cameramen on the scene, all are insensitive to the suffering of Azucena. The situation is a strong example of the bystander effect. Studies have indicated that in situations such as this one, the members of the group are likely to pass responsibility for saving Azucena to another member of the group. As more news crews report to the scene, each individual feels less compelled to provide aid to this poor girl. Allende lays heavy fault upon the government for not taking appropriate action, saying “geologists had set up their seismographs weeks before and knew that the mountain had awakened again”. She proceeds to say that the geologists knew the ice could be detached from the slopes, but no one would heed their warning. The f... ... middle of paper ... ..., precision lenses, recorders, sounds consoles, lights, reflecting screens, auxiliary motors, cartons of supplies, electricians, sound technicians, and cameramen,” when a single water pump was nowhere to be found. It is borderline inconceivable that all this technology could be present to document such a tragedy, and none present to save the girl’s life. As Azucena endures her struggle, Rolf undergoes a change, leaving the previously detached personality that had helped get through the tasks of a reporter, instead allowing the gravity of the situation to strike him personally. It is at this juncture that voyeurism comes into play. Typically, voyeurism is defined as observing a sexual occurrence in order to receive personal gratification, but some scholars use it to describe intense, distant gazing. The initial aspect of voyeurism in this story is the news camera.
The bystander effect refers to the tendency for an observer of an emergency to withhold aid if the:
In Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, Mulvey states that, “Traditionally, the woman displayed has functioned on two levels: as erotic object for the characters within the screen story, and as erotic object for the spectator within the auditorium, with a shifting tension between the looks on either side of the screen.” (Mulvey 40). A woman’s role in the narrative is bound to her sexuality or the way she
Do we ever really know how we will act when put into a hectic situation? Some may be calm and collected in times of need and step up as a leader; others may fall under the pressures put upon them. Though the boys from William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, all react very differently in their particular situation, they all have one thing in common; they all fall victim of becoming a bystander. When looking at John Darley and Bibb Latane experiments on witness behavior, one can easily see that the boys on the island fell into what we know as the bystander effect, while stranded on the island. The work of William Golding shows many occasions where the bystander effect comes into play for the boys and changes their actions.
Metzl, Jonathan M. "Voyeur Nation? Changing Definitions of Voyeurism, 1950–2004." Harvard Review Psychiatry 12 (2004): 127-131.
Gabriel in the eyes of the world was a survivor whose life got taken away by two malicious caregivers. The Newscaster and reporters depicted Gabriel as a sweet and innocent little boy. The pictures they showed of Gabriel, he was always smiling, and they wanted all communities to view Gabriel as the victim. In contrast, when a picture was seen of Pearl and her boyfriend they was viewed as mean, and resentful. They never smiled, and never looked regretful about the incident. The social workers was also seen as the enemy, and was presented by the media as such. The newscasters interviewed people who blamed the social workers as much as they blamed Gabriel’s parents. The media presented Gabriel’s story in ways that will guarantee sympathy and empathy. People in the community were distressed over Gabriel’s death. After watching and reading the news about Gabriel’s story, and the torture he endured, there’s no debate on whose side the community would stand
What are the issues of watching and voyeurism in film? The intention of this essay is to discuss both films (The Truman Show, 1998 and Rear Window, 1954) alongside established theoretical criticism (Laura Mulvey and Norman K. Denzin) in an attempt to demonstrate how the issues of watching and voyeurism, as seen in todays mainstream Hollywood cinema, both engages and entices the spectator and to look at how the definition of the voyeur has changed. Before entering into a discussion about voyeurism in Rear Window and The Truman Show, an understanding of what is meant by ‘the dynamics of voyeurism’ in film must be attempted. The dictionary definition of a voyeur is: (1) a person who gains sexual pleasure from watching others when they are naked or engage in sexual activity, and/or (2) a person who enjoys seeing pain or distress of others. Voyeurism is initially noted for the investigation of the woman, demystifying her mystery, however, I think this definition is a small interpretation of the word voyeur. So the intention of this essay is to explore further the meaning of voyeurism by looking at two films adjacent to, two critics with conflicting opinions of what voyeurism is represented by in film. But to understand what voyeurism means we need to look at the cinematic gaze and two types of looks; scopophilia and narcissism.
Watching God is a narrative about Janie’s quest to free herself from repression and explore
On March 13, 1964 a woman by the name of Catherine “Kitty” Genovese was coming back to her apartment in Queens, New York at 3:00 a.m. when she was impaled to death by a serial killer. According to the news, the said attack was about 30 minutes long. During the attack, Kitty Genovese screamed for help numerous times. The killer left the scene when the attention of a neighbor was attracted. Ten minutes later, the killer returned to the scene and murdered Genovese. It came to attention that 38 people witnessed the attack and murder, but all thirty-eight failed to report it until after the murder. This ordeal got the attention of many people including scientists and psychologists who wanted to figure out why this occurred. Later, the events that were published by the news were found to be false. It seemed as if the news was experiencing the bystander effect as well, because their information did not contribute to the actual facts. There were not 38 witnesses to the crime, but several had heard the screams and a few calls were made to the police during the attack. But there was still talk about something that affected the minds of people during emergency situations. This phenomenon has become known as the Bystander Effect. There were several cases that are fairly similar to the Genovese one. As well as the Genovese case, these occurrences attracted the attention of many scientists and even the news had something to say about “apathy.” Is the bystander effect real? My hypothesis is that the bystander effect is in fact, a real everyday occurrence that limits the help offered by people. This is due to the number of bystander present during a given situation. The Bystander Effect is the social psychological idea that refers to cases in whi...
Cameras are everywhere. More people died while taking selfies than were killed by sharks in 2015. On the British television show Black Mirror, one episode called “White Bear” was a satire of how these cameras on our phones, computers, and buildings affected our society. The premise hinges on a woman who passively filmed her boyfriend torturing a young girl they kidnapped. Although it may seem that cameras are causing us to become a passive and voyeuristic society, they actually have done more good than harm. “White Bear” does not show the reality of these situations, documentation of horrible events has led to a better understanding of history and public action.
The essay Paralyzed Witnesses: The Murder They Heard was written by Stanley Milgram and Paul Hollander. In this essay, the authors describe in detail the responses of the witnesses during the murder of Kitty Genovese and the impact this case has of the ability for an individual to help people during a time of distress. The main idea of this essay was to analyze the reasons why the witnesses did not help during the murder. The internal and external conflicts were the main factors that influenced the witnesses did not help Genovese during her time of need.
According to www.merriam-webster.com, contemporary is defined as happening or beginning now or in recent times. When utilized in art and photography, it’s connoted as vague, obscure, and by definition always in flux. For some it signifies “cutting edge” – work that pushes the limitations of recognized practice, style, subject matter, mediums, or concepts.
One of the strengths is providing a new insight into bystander effect. The study argued that researchers have previously neglected the potential benefit of bystanders and thus, the study provided a new horizon by proving reversed bystander effect through experiment. This allows us to be aware of the fact that someone may be providing help merely due to impression management. This arouses a doubt on whether the one who provides help is genuinely concerned about the needs of the victims, or one is just motivated by upholding his/her reputation when surrounded by a crowd. Besides, carrying out a manipulation check right after this experiment is beneficial to this study as well....
Darley, J. M. & Latané, B. (1968) Bystander intervention in emergencies: Diffusion of responsibility, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 8, 377–383
Martin Gansberg's "Thirty-Eight Who Saw Murder Didn't Call the Police" is about a case where a man stabbed a woman three time separated instances; in front of audience of 38 men and woman who did nothing to help the defenseless woman. They all had sorry excuses for apathy of the situation even when the woman yelled that she was dying. They said "’ I didn't want to get involved’" and "’We went to the window to see what was happening’" he said, "’but the light from our bedroom made it difficult to see the street.’" The wife, still apprehensive, added: "’I put out the light and we were able to see better.’" (Gansberg) But in Stanley Milgram and Paul Hollander's "Paralyzed Witnesses" they give reasons as to why these law abiding bystanders got paralyzed and watched as if it were a show of gladiators in the great Coliseum of Rome. As Stanley Milgram and Paul Hollander State “Modern societies are organized as t...
In her essay, “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema”, British film maker Laura Mulvey attempts to demystify how pleasure can be fulfilled in film. Contending that a pleasure in looking (scopohilia) and a pleasure in possessing the female as what to be looked at (voyeurism) fufills the audience’s desires, Mulvey suggests how filmmakers use this knowledge to create film that panders to our innate desires. In “Meshes of the Afternoon” by Maya Deren and “Vertigo” by Alfred Hitchcock, it is seen that Mulvey’s argument—the desire to look, the hunting, seeking, and watching, and harnessing of the female form is natural human desire. Deren and Hitchcock will use entirely different techniques to achieve that sense of fulfillment for the audience. But how does this watching and looking translate in to the written word? In “The Winter’s Tale” by William Shakespeare, we will see the ideas approached by Mulvey and the themes used by Hitchcock and Deren utilized to create a sense of looking and objectifying the woman in the absence of the screen. Through this paper, the concepts of pleasure for Mulvey will be shown to have applicability not only in cinema but in art in far more universal terms. First, a discussion of pleasure and Mulvey’s definition of it will allow for clearer understanding as to what this fulfillment actually is. Secondly, Vertigo will be examined—as an example of “mainstream film” utilizing the ideas of scopophila and voyeurism in a perfect balance. Scottie and his search will then be contrasted with Leontes of Shakespeare’s Winter’s Tale, where again desires will be balanced in harmony with Mulvey’s principles. It is to become clear through...