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How does nature and nurture impact childhood
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Social learning theory of albert bandura
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In 1971, Albert Bandura proposed Social Learning Theory. The Social Learning theory purposes that children learn through a process of modeling, observation, and feedback (Bandura, 1971). There is no guidebook to becoming a parent and often people forget exactly how difficult it can be when there may or may not be anyone to guide them through it. The children and parents in todays modern society must come to realize that the world they are raising their child in is one that will require their effort to harness change as well as their ability to implement it. To effectively influence a child attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation will all play as key components (Bandura, 1971). Children continuously construct meaning from their environments, therefore giving anyone who interacts with the child the power to influence their development. However not every interaction with a child will stick, but the ones that are consistent will serve as the source from which children draw their motivation and how much they achieve (Moorman, and …show more content…
Having an awareness of what it takes for the child to be successful is half the battle. What will really push a child is when parents recognize that they must also take on an incremental mindset. Children are directly influenced by their parents attitudes and how children interpret them will effect how capable and how much children learn (Ames and Archer, 1987). This is where Parent and Student Education (P.A.C.E) program is intended to not only enrich the understanding of how children develop over the life span, but also how to apply it on a daily basis. These studies have sculpted the foundation for which P.A.C.E was developed for, and addresses the valuable implications that can assist parents and educators in promoting a nurturing environment for children to thrive
John Wayne Gacy was a U.S. serial killer who was found guilty of killing 33 boys and young men (McCormick, 1998). Gacy was born on March 17, 1942, in Chicago, Illinois (Sullivan, 2013). John Wayne Gacy had two sisters, Joanne and Karen and had a difficult relationship with his father. His father was an auto repair machanic and World War I veteran (Jones, 2012). Whenever his father came home from work, he would go to the basement and drink. His father was an alcoholic and used physical punishment on all of his children (Jones, 2012). He would even beat the children with a razor strap if they misbehaved (Sullivan, 2013). Gacy’s mother tried her best to protect the children, but Gacy’s father physically assaulted her as well (Jones, 2012). Additionally,
In 2003 Ronell Wilson and his friend Jessie Jacobus arranged to sale guns to a buyer. The buyers happen to be two undercover detectives. They arranged to meet in Staten Island to exchange guns for cash. Wilson and his friend did not have guns to sale and the plan was to rob the two gun buyers. When they met the gun buyers Wilson and Jacobus sat in the back of the car right behind the two detectives. At some point Wilson realized that the gun buyers were cops and begin shooting them one by one to avoid going to jail. Wilson used a small handgun to kill both detectives. Wilson killed Detective Rodney J. Andrews and detective James V. Nemorin.
In today’s society, individuals have a propensity to follow the ideas of others rather than create their own. Our society will not wear any article of clothing that is not in style or approved by their peers are even are scared of what others may say or think about them. Today’s Classrooms are filled with children who are too concerned, or terrified of being wrong and rather choose not to raise their hands in attempts to answer a question or even read a book aloud to the class for fear of someone making fun of them. When a student or two finally muster up the courage necessary to raise their hands in efforts at answering a question, eventually other fellow classmates will begin to follow. This is what Social Learning Theory entails.
In 1977, Psychologist Albert Bandura adopted the Social Learning Theory making it an influential and important theory. Bandura believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning capabilities. Bandura argued that individuals could learn new information and behavior by watching other individuals and the type of leanings can be explained by a wide variety of behaviors. This theory acknowledges that just because something has been learned, it does not mean that it will result in a change in behavior. However, the influence from others can cause a change in
Albert Bandura’s theory of social learning suggests that children learn by observing people around. Parents are child’s first teachers and role models. Child’s cultural views and belief system is generally identical with his/her parents/carers.
- - -. “Social-learning Theory:Observing and Imitating Models.” Human Development. 5th ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 1992. 213-14. Print.
High crime rates are an ongoing issue through the United States, however the motivation and the cause of crime has yet to be entirely identified. Ronald Akers would say that criminality is a behavior that is learned based on what an individual sees and observes others doing. When an individual commits a crime, he or she is acting on impulse based on actions that they have seen others engage in. Initially during childhood, individuals learn actions and behavior by watching and listening to others, and out of impulse they mimic the behavior that is observed. Theorist Ronald Akers extended Sutherland’s differential association theory with a modern viewpoint known as the social learning theory. The social learning theory states that individuals commit crime through their association with or exposure to others. According to Akers, people learn how to be offenders based on their observations around them and their association with peers. Theorist Akers states that for one, “people can become involved in crime through imitation—that is by modeling criminal conduct. Second, and most significant, Akers contended that definition and imitation are most instrumental in determining initial forays into crime” (Lilly, Cullen, and Ball 2011:57). Although Akers’ theory has been linked to juvenile delinquency in the past, it has also been tested as a possible cause of crime overall. Individuals learn from observation that criminal behavior is justifiable in certain circumstances. In connection with juvenile delinquency and crime, peers and intimate groups have the most effect on individuals when associated with criminal behavior. One is more likely to mimic the behavior of someone who they have close ties with, whether the behavior is justifiable or...
It is agreed by many well-known theorists that play is key to the development of the child’s learning in an early care setting. But what has not been recognized in the topic of play is aggressive play. Parents, school-age teachers, and child care providers ban aggressive play at home, school, and centers out of fear of someone getting hurt. Or some even believed it leads to a child getting bullied or becoming a bully. The questions that have been debated by many are, should aggressive play be allowed and if so how can aggressive play be allowed without intentional and minimal accidental harm to the children? The article “Playful Aggression in Early Childhood Settings” provides parents, school-age teachers, and child care providers with the theory, definition, benefits, and ways to support playful aggressive behavior through sociodramatic play.
Social Process theories are the process of interaction between individuals and society for their explanatory power. In other words a theory in which individuals feel as if society is not helping them leave helpful lives. Some of the theories within Social Process are Social Learning theory, Social Control theory, and Labeling theory. Social Learning theory focuses on what an individual learns from observing others in society. Social Control theory focuses on the bond between people that will shape how that individual will act. Labeling theory is when society gives labels to criminals that may causes them to act like criminals even when they may not be criminals.
Akers and Sellers (2013) has stated that social learning theory is an expanded theory of differential association processes and improves it with differential reinforcement and other principles of the behavior theory. They added classical conditioning (the sharpening of involuntary reflex behavior); discriminative stimuli (internal stimuli that lead to signals for behavior); schedules of reinforcement (rewards and punishment ratio following behavioral feedback); and other theories of behavior (Akers & Sellers, 2013).
Bandura’s social learning theory (Kearns, 2010) plays a major role in children’s learning and development as it provides opportunities for children to self-reflect on their own learning, behaviour and social interactions through observing their peers and gaining valuable feedback. Learning by observation gives the child the ability to gain self confidence in their own abilities and learn new skills.
This theory is a revision of the social learning theory done albert bandura in 1961-1963. What the theory states is that and individual acquires knowledge from observing others who act as models through interaction with them. The individual observes the behaviour,consequences of that behaviour and remember the sequence of the events and use the information to guide subsequent behaviours. (Bandura, 1986)
Enhancing the group’s image can then be done by either bringing the own group in a more positive light or by bringing another group in a more negative light. The existence of the own group and an outside group is there to act as a measure of comparison and categorization, and it is therefore this system of in-groups and out-groups that exist in society. Because of the desire to enhance the group’s identity as a means of enhancing your own personal self, there also exists a presence of superiority between groups, and this, successively, allows for discriminations and conflicts to transpire. Muzafer Sherif, yet another social psychologist, is mostly known for his contribution to the studies of “Realistic conflict theory” (the theory of intergroup conflicts). In 1961 he was able to conduct a study known as the “Robber’s Cave” experiment where he could test this theory.
Parent involvement is one of the most influential aspects of student motivation. The parents are the initial teachers of the child before the child goes to school and encounters education through a teacher. If a parent is completely engaged in the learning process with a child, there can be growth between the child and the parent simultaneously. The parents set an example for the child, so that the child understands that help is in the classroom and at home. Alma Wright, a first and second grade teacher, believes that parents in the classroom are a good way to stimulate children. She says, “Their active participation is a positive influence. The school is open for parents to share their talents and motivate their children” (Drew, Olds, and Olds, 1974, p. 71).
Recent studies on parental involvement in education have found that there are many benefits for both the student and the adult when parents become involved in their children’s education. Without parent support, it is very difficult for a child to be motivated. From what I have seen growing up, only a small percentage of students are self-motivated, so it is absolutely vital that parents assist in the motivation process. I found this table to be particularly interesting and important.