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Ways to solve poverty
The power of the social work role
The power of the social work role
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During the Celtic Tiger, Ireland had a booming economy and one of the lowest unemployment rates in Europe. The government’s success in economic and employment growth slowed migration and transformed Ireland into a prosperous nation. However, due to the recession that followed the inevitable collapse, many demographic groups have been excluded from participating in, and benefiting from, a healthy and inclusive society. Social care practitioners work in a direct person-to-person capacity with service users. This puts social and community workers in the unique position to promote equity, participation, social justice, and wellness among individuals, groups, or families on the programme, organisation or community-advocacy levels. (Prendergast, 2012) With this in mind, the notion that tackling poverty, deprivation, and exclusion is exclusively the preserve of the government can be dismissed. Collaborative work among the various disciplines involved in social care, e.g. community development workers, social care practitioners, social workers, and welfare officers, is found to work most effectively when promoting inclusiveness. (Dorsner, 2004) Social exclusion is of increasing interest because it has gained a primary role in official documents and in the political debate in Ireland and throughout Europe. (Geddes, 2000) This essay will set forth a definition of social exclusion. A summarization of how older people within society are excluded will be given; with focus on four main themes. It will set forth the best methods for minimising social exclusion, with regards to the four themes identified. Finally, it will give an account of two ways to diminish social exclusion, and thereby promote inclusion. When working for equality community ... ... middle of paper ... ... Murphy, E. (2013) [personal communication] January National Council on Ageing and Older People (NCAOP) (1994) Older People in Ireland: Social Problem or Human Resource. [report] Dublin: National Council for the Elderly Available at: www.ncaop.ie (accessed 30 November 2013) Prendergast, M. (2012) [lecture]. October Robinson, K. L and Elliott, S. J. (2000) ‘The practice of community development approaches in heart health promotion’ Health Education Research Theory and Practice, 15, 219–231. Schokkaert, E. and Sweeney J. (1999). Social exclusion and ethical responsibility: Solidarity with the least skilled. Journal of Business Ethics, 21, 251–267 Walsh, K. and Ward, P. (2013) Social Exclusion and Ageing in Rural Areas: Patterns and Implications. Galway: NUIGalway Available at: www.cardi.ie (accessed 30 November 2013) Wood, M. (2013) [lecture] 13 November
Tonks, A. (1994). ‘Community Care: The First Year: Community care in Northern Ireland: a promising start’. British Medical Journal. 308 (1). Pages: 839.
The Open University (2010) K101 An introduction to health and social care, Unit 3, ‘Social Care In The Community’, Milton Keynes, The Open University.
Social care and healthcare are both included in the Health and Social Care (Community Health and Standards) Bill. In England, there are two bodies that handle matters relating to social welfare. The National Care Standards is tasked with registering bodies that provide social care. The performance and progress of the organizations are monitored by the Social Services Inspectorate. The analysis of the social aspects of care involves collecting data that is analyzed so as to identify the differences that cause variation in the health of different people. The data collected may not be simple to understand. As a result, it requires a deeper analysis so as to establish the social factors affecting health (Larkin, 2011).
7. Shaw, William H., and Vincent Barry. "Chapter 3: Justice and Economic Distribution." Moral Issues in Business. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth
Gerontology provides different perspectives of the aging process and the evidence base from which health and social care practice with the older population is founded. Older people are affected differently by the ageing process. The disengagement theory provides a greater insight into why some older people withdraw from the society. According to the disengagement theory perspective, successful ageing is best achieved through abandoning social roles and relationships and by the individual reducing both activities and involvement. Disengaging from social activities and involvement put the older person at risk of being socially excluded. Social exclusion affects older people, although the risk increases with
Darby, S. Marr, J. Crump, A Scurfield, M (1999) Older People, Nursing & Mental Health. Oxford: Buterworth-Heinemann.
Independence is a socially constructed concept within a capitalistic patriarchal society that serves to marginalize and oppress the elderly members of the society. Why do many women of the elderly population within the United States live alone? What is it about our society that has encouraged the elderly population to live alone and without the vital familial support that is so often necessary for people who are reaching their golden years? Elderly people in the United States are one of the most vulnerable groups of people who have traditionally been marginalized. They are viewed as weak individuals because they are no longer able to physically work for pay. Many of them choose to live alone yet suffer in isolation because of the lie they have been sold. According to the symbolic interactionist theory, if independence is the ultimate reward for a lifetime of achievement, surely remaining independent and alone is preferable to living with loved ones. The elderly person does not want his or her social networks to believe the elderly person is weak. Isolation is preferable to dependency and being a burden upon another individual or family.
In conclusion, this essay has identified and discussed two approaches in health promotion. It also applied these approaches to a life style problem analysing the stand the health promoter takes in each approach plus the contribution individuals and communities make with emphasis on how much the strategies adopted addresses inequality. The community approach highlighted the importance of collaboration and participation in building capacity in the community while it discussed the need to conduct evaluation in both approaches. Finally policies which relate to the identified life style issue were discussed.
Wenger, G. C., Scott, A. & Patterson N. (2000). How important is parenthood? Childlessness and support in old age in England. Ageing and Society, 20, 161-182.
The group constituted both male and female older adults aged 65 (ONS 2013; Wadrop 2009) who were receiving treatment for various ailments in the Older Adults Ward. Older adults’ population is said to be increasing because of declines in fertility and mortality rates (UK House Of Lords, 2013; UN 2009) which represents some of the biological and social aspect of older adulthood. Whilst this group was mainly identified as having medical problems it was also noted that dementia was dominant amongst these older adults.
The Causes of Social Exclusion Social exclusion refers to inequality in society, where individuals or groups may be cut off in involvement with the wider society. Social exclusion can take a number of forms. An individual or group may be excluded due to their age cohert, gender, race, educational background, neighbourhood, class and more. A class in social terms can be defines as a large scale grouping of people who share common economic resources which strongly influence the type of lifestyle they are able to lead. (Gidden, 2001 p.282)
Community development can vary between communities, due to differences in culture, beliefs, values, and a range of other different factors which effects community development. There are still a few principles of community development which ultimately remain the same no matter where or what cultural beliefs a community may have. Within a health promotion context when ...
(Nguyen, Sarkari, Macneil, Cowan, & Rankin, 2013). The main cause and outcome of social exclusion is poverty and has been known to cause numerous complications in relation to mental and physical wellbeing. There are four factors that have been found to lead to social exclusion these are societal discrimination, little opportunities to actively participate in society, the social exclusion of goods/needs, and the lack of financial resources to maintain their lifestyle (Nguyen et al., 2013). Social exclusion can perpetuate a tragic cycle where poverty comes from social exclusion and social exclusion leads to poverty. Which can mean that older adults can be more likely to live with multiple chronic illness, malnutrition, have high-stress levels, and experience multiple moments of loneliness, depression and anxiety (Nguyen et al., 2013). Fostering versatility and avoiding dependency roles can help the young-old to the old-old maintain their dependence and avoid social exclusion (Minett,
... the elderly of Irish society it is also evident that there are issues over medical cards, problems with waiting lists, private consultations fees and shortages of beds as well as a general deterioration of quality of services on offer at care home facilities. Problems in the healthcare system provide incentives that favour the treatment of private patients over public patients. Such differences have effectively consolidated the two-tiered system. Recommendations to eliminate health care inequalities would be to introduce the government's proposal of the universal social health insurance scheme. For this to be achieved citizen engagement is important to abolish the current range of inequalities embedded in the Irish Healthcare system. The principle of equity could then potentially be enhanced and thus create a more equal society not based on money but based on need.
The liberals unlike conservatives think that the government should assist the elderly because many older people never had the opportunities to earn the money needed to carry them through old age. They also state that many families now need both spouses’ earnings to achieve their own needs. And lastly the radical-left view states that due to the capitalist U.S economy the elderly are viewed as a costly burden to society (Macionis). To help explain this social problem even more we can use the social-conflict theory: aging and economic inequality. This theory focuses on age stratification and points to ways that the U.S. society limits the opportunities and resources available to elders. Even though there are laws that ban age discrimination in the workplace company still prefer to hire younger workers as well as wanting older people to retire so they can be replaced with the younger crowd. In conclusion, company while in pursuit of profit treat older people as second-class citizens (Macionis). Given these points, there are many solutions offered up. With the conservative view point they believe that a culture of self-reliance will motivate people to provide for their own old