Soccer-Specific VO2 Max Test (Aerobic Capacity and Endurance)
The VO2 max test is useful to determine the aerobic capacity of a soccer player. VO2 max illustrates an individual’s oxygen consumption and it is correlated with exercise intensity (Brooks et al., 2005, p. 343). While it can be a time consuming test that requires trained individuals to conduct the test, it is a direct method and thought to be the best test that is indicative of “cardiovascular capacity and endurance performance” (Dill, 2014a, p. 8). According to Stølen et al. (2005), there is a correlation between the distance that is covered by a soccer player during a game with their VO2 max as well (p. 529-530).
Using a soccer-specific VO2 max test would increase the validity of the results. It would be more representative of what actually occurs during a soccer game. Players would wear a portable metabolic test system to obtain values while they perform activities, such as
…show more content…
2). Recovery is an important aspect of soccer since the periods of high exercise intensity of a game can often influence the outcome of a game (Stølen et al, 2005, p. 509). Thus, a player needs to recover quickly to continue performing at a consistent level. Players that had a recovery time of 65 seconds compared to 35 seconds had a lower blood lactate content (Padulo et al., 2015, p. 3). Blood lactate can contribute to peripheral aspects of fatigue making a player’s ability to clear lactate an important aspect of recovery (Dill, 2014c, p. 8). By using a Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, it will assess the recovery abilities of an individual. These tests evaluate running economy, recovery abilities and aerobic capacity as well, which is not necessarily seen by VO2 max results (Haugen and Seiler, 2015, p.
Another weakness in the experimental design was that the reliability of the experiment was very low. As each test subject was only tested against each amount of prior exercise once, the impact of random errors is likely very large, which can be seen by the spread of the data on the graph. Although, this was attempted to be rectified by averaging the results of all four test subjects, it does not improve reliability too
Both tests are very useful for assessing the pulmonary and cardiac system health of the individual being examined. This involves examining the individual’s response to the test by assessing their BP, HR, oxygen intake abilities, and using this information to infer whether they have some type of internal impairment. This includes
Ferrauti et al did a research study on top level tennis players. Their study was to see how blood glucose levels fluctuated over the course of multiple tournaments and practice matches, as well as to verify how many of these tennis players encountered hypoglycemia as a result of playing too much and not getting adequate nutrition to keep blood glucose levels balanced. Ferrauti et al interviewed 147 tournament tennis players. Their purpose was to find out how many of those athletes experienced hypoglycemic symptoms. Of the 147 male tennis players, 94 of them confirmed that they had encountered hypoglycemic symptoms. That means that over half of the players had decreases in their blood glucose levels. This study had the players play one singles match and one doubles under tournament conditions and practice conditions.
Let me introduce myself. My name is Heather Smith; I'm 18 years old and am a senior at Suttons Bay High School. I was born and raised here and have attended Suttons Bay Schools for 13 years. My hobbies include playing socer, spending time with ym friends, music, art, snowboarding, biking, working out and traveling. Six years ago I startedmy love of travel when I had the opportunity to travel on a 16-day European History trip to the countries of England, France, Italy, Switzerland and germany with family and friends. Last summer I traveled to Spain with my school's Spanish club, and in March I went to Mexico. I speak Spanish and plan on continuing my studies at Michigan State University this fall. I find that traveling is so interesting as it gives me the chance to see how others live and experience their culture.
The first participant measured her pulse rate for 30 seconds before starting the exercise. Her pulse rate was calculated to determine the number of beats per minute. She then stepped on the platform (up and down) and continued at a slow pace for 3 minutes. After three minutes of the exercise, she measured her pulse rate every minute to determine her recovery time. This process was repeated until her pulse rate returned to normal.
The disadvantage of this test is that timing gates can be an expensive piece of equipment, training is needed for the timing gate operator and only one athlete can be tested at a time (Barber et.al. 2016; Wood 2008). As this test only comprises of two trials with adequate rest time, interplay of the energy systems is not significant if performed at the beginning of a session (Barber et.al. 2016; Gasston and Simpson 2004). However, if the test is conducted at the end of a session the cardio-respiratory endurance fitness may impact on the athlete’s ability to
Soccer positioning makes the biggest difference in the game. If each player plays a position they are good at it changes the whole game. If they play the wrong position or are trying to work with someone playing the wrong position it can ruin the entire game. There are eleven positions but every one of them has their own job to get done to help the team. Not one person alive plays just alike. The goalkeeper is simply known as the guy with gloves who keeps the opponents from scoring. He has a special position because only he can play the ball with his hands. The goalies main roles are saving, clearing, directing the defense, and distributing the ball. Saving is the act of preventing the ball from entering the net while clearing means keeping
Lees, A., & Nolan, L. (1998). The biomechanics of soccer: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 16(3), 211-234.
Hours before a match, athletes in all corners of the world tend to freak out due to all the psychological factors that accompany performance in sports. Stop for a quick second and imagine becoming a Manchester United Striker or a Denver Broncos Wide-Receiver. For those who did not know already, these two positions are among the hardest in the sports world to play. Not only must the person assigned to these positions stay up until the early hours of the morning studying plays and formations so they might better assist their team come match day, but they also act as the main way the teams they play for get any points. If the expectation of being the team’s top scorers isn’t enough, they must also act as an inspiration to every other teammate that plays alongside them. Even though most people say psychological factors have no effect on an athlete’s performance in sport, athletes are negatively affected by the psychological aspects because of pre-game jitters they may experience, the relationship each athlete has with the stadium crowd, and the toll each match has on the athletes’ bodies.
VO2 max is defined as the maximum volume of oxygen that can be consumed per minute as a measure of fitness (Marlin). To accurately measure VO2 max a maximal amount of physical effort will be needed to fully tax the aerobic energy system. Exercise intensity will be increased while measuring ventilation and oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration of the the inhaled and exhaled air. VO2 max is achieved when oxygen consumption remains at steady state despite an increase in work intensity. Those who are deemed fit will have a higher VO2 max. Proper exercise and training can influence your VO2 max while age can cause your vo2 max to decrease. The mean value of VO2 max for male athletes is estimated at 3.5 litres/ minute and for a female athlete is about 2.7 litres/minute these number are referred to as the absolute value. Physical limitations and physiological factors will affect the Vo2 max testing. Using the modified Bruce protocol and analysis the results, Dr. Burt Staniar and Abby Hughes determined their respective VO2 maxes. VO2 max is reported
...l., 1987). In a study in which the participants performed sprint interval training (Bayati, 2011), there was an increase in maximal blood lactate from pre to post training, indicating greater capacity of anaerobic glycolysis. This increase was found coinciding with increased peak power, mean power, and total work . Sharp et al. (1986) reported an increase in blood lactate concentrations and total work performed during a 45-s maximal cycle sprint after eight
Throughout the world, there are different forms of soccer that vary in Style, Technique and Intensity mainly in South America, Europe, and the United States.
The Queens College/McArdle Step Test, the Rockport One Mile Walk Test, and the 1.5 Mile Run Test are three different field tests that were performed in this lab that were used to measure and predict an individual’s aerobic capacity. The measurement of aerobic capacity, or VO2 max, is a valid way to assess an individual’s cardiorespiratory fitness level. VO2 max refers to the maximal amount of oxygen an individual utilizes during intensive exercise. A higher VO2 max demonstrates a more efficient cardiorespiratory system as an individual with a higher VO2 max can sustain a higher intensity for a longer
There are three main energy systems used in a game of touch football which consist of the creatine phosphate (ATP PC) system, lactic acid system and the aerobic system. Each system plays a vital role during game play. Every muscle in your body requires energy to perform all movements, and to do this, the energy is produced by the breakdown of a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is found in all cells which is a chemical form of muscular activity and performs mostly all functions in the human body. It contains 3 phosphate groups and adenosine. ATP is stored in the muscles and lasts for approximately 10-30 seconds. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins, are all producers of ATP from the food we eat; however Creatine Phosphate is also a high energy compound producer found in the cells. These three chemical reactions are conducted to continue muscular work. The first system used in a game of touch football is the ATP PC system. This system is stored into the muscles and used in short durations for up to 10 seconds and doesn’t not require oxygen therefore being anaerobic. ATP lasts approximately 3 seconds, and then Creatine phosphate (CP) will continue until all ATP PC energy is used up. The use of ATP is high intensity and would usually be used in a 50m sprint or a pass in touch. Once the CP energy is used up the body then switches to the lactic acid system. This is because of the breakdown of glucose, resulting in the production of lactic acid. The lactic acid system an anaerobic energy system, which lasts for approximately 30 seconds to 2 minutes, and is the conversion of glycogen to glucose. In relation to a game of touch football, the lactic acid system could be used during a quick wruck, as the movements required are a...
due to the nature of the game and the fact that there is continuous movement with lots of short bursts of more intense activity. Some positions require higher levels of anaerobic fitness than others, some. require more aerobic fitness. A midfield player is required to cover a lot of ground during a game and needs a good aerobic engine. A striker on the other hand requires short bursts of repeated activity and requires more speed and anaerobic fitness.