通し番号01-018～01-025まで
パッケージ: 二番
通し番号01-018: Classroom instruction (60-70 words)
(Narrator): Listen to a college psychology professor talking to a class.
(Man/Woman): Today we are going to talk about sleep and memory. The brain makes short-term memories, or memories that last a very short time, all of the time. However, long-term memories, or memories that last a very long time, are made when we sleep. Therefore, things you study before you sleep, can become long-term memories easier. It is very good for students to study just before they sleep. (67 words)
Q. What is short-term memory?
Memory that lasts a short time.
Memory that lasts a long time.
Memory of numbers.
Memory of letters.
Q. What is long-term memory?
Memory that lasts a long time.
…show more content…
Memory of things you study.
Memory of when you sleep.
Q. When is the best time to study in order to make long-term memories?
All of the time.
When we sleep.
Before we sleep.
In the morning.
通し番号01-019: Classroom instruction (60-70 words)
(Narrator): Listen to an American Culture professor talking to a class.
(Man/Woman): Hey everyone, I’m going to talk about something that most American colleges have: “Fraternities and Sororities”. “Fraternities and Sororities” are groups of students that usually live together in a house. Members are usually called “brothers” or “sisters”. These social groups often throw parties. They also host events where they raise money to help people. “Fraternities and Sororities” are a huge part of American college culture. (65 words)
Q. What are the students in “Fraternities and Sororities” called?
Fathers and Mothers.
Groupers.
Fraternities and Sororities.
Brothers and Sisters.
Q. Where do the students in “Fraternities and Sororities” usually live?
Together in a dorm.
Together in an apartment
Not together.
Together in a house.
Q. What do “Fraternities and Sororities” do?
Throw
…show more content…
An Asian language.
Q. Which of the following Japanese world 's come from English?
Apaato
Genki
Jinja
tera
Q. What do people call the mix of Japanese and English?
Japlish
Enganese
Nieigo
Japanglish
通し番号01-022: Classroom instruction (60-70 words)
(Narrator): Listen to a health policy professor talking to a class.
(Man/Woman): Alright class, today in World Medicine 101 we’re going to be talking about “Pandemics”. A “Pandemic” is a disease, or sickness, that spreads over the entire word. For example, recently, a disease called “ebola”, spread throughout Africa. Soon after, it moved to America and other places. Pandemics are huge problems that hurt many countries. Organizations like the “United Nations” and the “World Health Organization” help stop pandemics. (67 words)
Q. What is a Pandemic?
A disease that spreads over the entire world.
An organization that stops diseases.
A disease from Africa.
A disease from America.
Q. What is the example of a recent pandemic in the lecture?
Ebola.
The Black Plague.
H1N1.
The common cold.
Q. Which of the following organizations work to stop pandemics?
The “United States”
The “United Alliance”
The “United Nations” and the “United
One of these smaller discourse communities that I was fortunate enough to have the opportunity to experience is the Sigma Zeta chapter of Chi Omega Fraternity. Every girl in this fraternity shares 6 common goals that we strive to achieve every day. These ideals are: friendship, high standards of personnel, sincere learning and credible scholarship, participation in campus activities, career development, and community service. We live by these six purposes to strive to make us better than the people we were yesterday. By embracing the six purposes we
Walking around a university’s campus any day of the week, one sees an array of Greek letters worn proudly by young men and women in the Greek system. Fraternities and sororities play a big part in a university. The Greek system can also be an easy target to direct criticism. There are those who oppose the Greek system and those who embrace it. Evan Wright opposes the Greek system in his article “Sister Act” that was featured in Rolling Stone Magazine. He uses examples from students at Ohio State University in Columbus to show his disapproval of the way sororities are now days. He portrays sorority girls as catty conformists who are obsessed with partying with fraternity guys. Evan Wright’s insubstantial claim is full of half-truths in reference to alcohol consumption, conformity, and the purpose of sororities; therefore, his critical position that sororities are corrupt is not credible.
I decided to analyze and examine the social structure of the Greek System at Syracuse University, mainly out of curiosity. When I was in high school I remembered hearing from various of my former classmates, who were then freshmen at college, that one of the best activities students experience was attending the “frat” parties students threw. In high school, I thought that college parties were the same as the ones found in movies like “American Pie” so hearing people speak so fondly of college parties confirmed my beliefs of what the social aspect of college was. Now that I’m a freshman at Syracuse University, and have experienced the social atmosphere firsthand, I’ve noticed how different the social scene on campus really is in comparison to the movies and how it is greatly enhanced by the Greek community. Examining the Greek system is significant to me because Greek life is a dominant tradition in many universities, both academically and socially, and I am interested in understanding why it is so prominent here on campus.
The discourse community I have been studying is fraternities. Fraternities are more than just partying and “hangin’ with the bros.” Fraternities are over 100 years old and filled with traditions, values, and brotherhood. Fraternities have stood strong since the early 1800’s, with rich history and culture. Every fraternity has founding fathers that represent a certain value of the fraternity.
Greek organizations are debatably the most undervalued and misconceived aspect of college campuses. Most people don’t see the benefits that fraternities and sororities bring to college campuses and their communities. Some see these organizations as large beneficial clubs and others see them as potential problems. Many of the allegations put forth by individuals that discredit the benefits and good deeds done by Greek organizations are weak justifications for their removal from college campuses. Greek organizations provide campus communities with academically responsible students, philanthropic activities and increase community involvement.
I decided to investigate what qualities the fraternities of Oklahoma State have, so I interviewed the girlfriends of several fraternity men. This gave me the chance to view other girls’ relationships in certain fraternities and if the girls’ relationships are different in each fraternity or if there are similarities. I interviewed girlfriends and fiancées of all sorts: the ones who had been there from the very beginning, before they were in a fraternity, the girlfriends who didn’t meet their partner until after the guys were already in fraternities, and the fiancées who experienced fraternity relationships from their sophomore year until their senior year.
Wagner, U., Hallschmid, M., Rasch, B.H., & Born, J. (2006). Brief sleep after learning keeps emotional memories alive for years. Biological Psychiatry, 60, 788–790.
Sleep deprivation is a common condition that occurs if you don’t get enough sleep. In case of sleep deprivation people have trouble falling and staying asleep for a long period of time. In order to understand how serious sleep deprivation can be, one must need to know causes and consequences of sleep deprivation, how much sleep do we need? What does sleep do for us? And how we can cure sleep deprivation.
We live our entire life in two states, sleep and awake1. These two states are characterized by two distinct behaviors. For instance, the brain demonstrates a well-defined activity during non-REM sleep (nREM) that is different when we are awake. In the study of sleep by Huber et. al., the authors stated that sleep is in fact a global state2. It is unclear whether this statement means that sleep is a state of global behavioural inactivity or the state of the global nervous system. The notion that sleep is a global state of the nervous system served as basis for sleep researchers to search for a sleep switch. The discovery of the sleep switch, in return, provided evidence and enhanced the notion that sleep is a global state of the nervous system. The switch hypothesis developed from the fact that sleep can be initiated without fatigue and it is reversible1. It was hypothesized that there is something in the brain that has the ability to control the whole brain and initiate sleep. Studies have found a good candidate that demonstrated this ability3. They found a group of neurons in the Ventrolateral Preoptic (VLPO) nucleus. It was a good candidate because it was active during sleep, has neuronal output that can influence the wakefulness pathway, and lesion in the area followed reduce sleep3. The idea that there is something that can control the whole brain and result sleep state supports the idea that sleep is a global state of the nervous system.
“When the going gets tough, the tough take a nap.” This statement by Tom Hodgkinson perfectly describes the solution to the life of the average American high schooler, who wakes up early, rushes to school, and undergoes several grueling classes, only to later participate in extracurricular activities and return home to complete homework. Due to all these activities, only a vast minority of teenagers obtain the amount of sleep they need in a night; Tom Hodgkinson’s quote proposes a solution to this problem. By instituting naptime in high schools, students could simply nap to refresh themselves when the going gets tough, whether that be an excessive amount of homework, an extremely demanding test, or a sports practice that lasts long into the
Brody says throughout her years she found herself to doze off at concerts as wells as napping in transportation vehicles and getting drowsy as she reads. She even admits to almost crashing when she was driving because she fell asleep. During last winter of that year Brody was pressured to diminish her sleeping time. This had led Brody to say “I found my brain running idle. My short-term memory was failing; I couldn't concentrate. I actually nodded off during a telephone interview, and by noon I was asleep on top of my computer keyboard.” Brody took a sleepiness quiz and failed it. The calculation showed that she was in sleep debt and that about 100 million others are in the same situation as her. Brody used David F. Dinges, a sleep specialist
Seven hours ago, the sun set. It is currently 1:30 AM, and you’re still tossing in bed: awake, alert, and annoyed. Does that sound familiar? Or perhaps this strikes a louder bell: You had drifted off quickly, sinking into a slumber that should have provided your body with the precious rest it deserves, but upon awakening, your alarm has not yet gone off yet, and the clock says 2 o’clock AM. And from then on, its familiar digits slowly inched toward morning as you watched. Sleep had abandoned you. In 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that “an estimated 50–70 million adults in the United States have chronic sleep and wakefulness disorders" ("Unhealthy Sleep-Related Behaviors"). This was approximately 20% of the population. So what is causing all this trouble? The Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research says it could be your circadian rhythm, which “acts as an internal clock guiding such things as your sleep-wake cycle” ("Insomnia"). Your circadian rhythm is regulated by a neurohormone called melatonin, which as Johns Hopkins sleep expert Luis F. Buenaver, Ph.D., C.B.S.M. explains, “As melatonin levels rise in the evening, it puts you into a state of quiet wakefulness that promotes sleep” (qtd. in “Melatonin for Sleep”).
Sleep is a very important factor in the human function. Our body and brain is able to reset itself and rejuvenate while we sleep. When we do not get the required amount of sleep, we start to feel lethargic and foggy minded, because our mind and body wasn’t able to replenish itself. Sleep is imperative that an insignificant rest deficiency or lack of sleep can affect our ability to remember things; decisions and can affect our temperament. Chronic sleep deficiency can get the body to feel agitated and it could lead to serious health problems such as, heart problems, stress, acne, and obesity.
Sleep is something we all partake in, unless you have Fatal Familial Insomnia. But why do we need sleep? Why do we feel tired? How do we wake up? These are all questions that have not been answered directly and completely, but have theories and ideas for why these actions happen.
Rasch, Björn, and Jan Born. "About Sleep 's Role in Memory." Physiological Reviews. American Physiological Society, n.d. Web. 06 May 2016.