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The beginning of slavery in America
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The Portuguese, in the 1600’s, began exporting a number of the slaves to the New World. Here, the slaves were shipped off to many different colonies’ lands. For example, some slaves were sent to the Spanish colonies to work. Also some were sent to Virginia and Brazilian colonies to work on plantations. States like Alabama and Mississippi which depended on cotton, had large populations of enslaved people. Plantation slaves had small cabins they lived in which had dirt floors and little to no furniture. The cabins were no escape from the cold winter winds. The domestic slaves, however, received better cabins, working conditions, and food than the field slaves. Many large plantations often needed some slaves to work inside the plantation home. These slaves that worked inside sometimes were able to travel with the master’s family. Plantation house slaves cleaned, cooked, served meals, and took care of the master’s children. The slaves that were drivers were often convinced by the master to manage their fellow slaves because they were promised that they would be treated differently and obtain better privileges. Drivers were usually hated by the rest of the slaves, leading to violence among slaves and drivers. It was normal for the slave owners in the south, to break apart the families; keeping some, selling some when they needed to raise money. The separation and sales of the slaves were repeated thousands of times throughout the slaveholding states. Many slave children, after they were broken off from their families, had only the faintest memory of their siblings and parents. Slave owners also didn’t realize some slaves were married. The married slave couples could be Elise 2 split up and sold at anytime. Music and rel... ... middle of paper ... ...ere organizing rebellions to gain their freedom. A common form of rebellion among slaves was running away. In many cases, slaves would only leave the plantation for a short while. Slaves ran away in droves, following the Underground Railroad to freedom in Canada and the Northern states. Slaves also fled to the Indians and joined them in their wars against the white settlers. The slaves enjoyed pranking the patrollers, which they called patterrollers or paddyrollers. The Patrollers jobs were to control slaves and stop them from breaking the laws. Slave patrollers had the power to enter a slave’s cabin without permission and search it. In conclusion, there were many different levels of mistreatment done to the slaves. The work on the plantation was hard no matter what they did. The intensity of the abuse from the master was due to where you worked on the plantation.
1. The insight that each of these sources offers into slave life in the antebellum South is how slaves lived, worked, and were treated by their masters. The narratives talk about their nature of work, culture, and family in their passages. For example, in Solomon Northup 's passage he describes how he worked in the cotton field. Northup said that "An ordinary day 's work is considered two hundred pounds. A slave who is accustomed to picking, is punished, if he or she brings less quantity than that," (214). Northup explains how much cotton slaves had to bring from the cotton field and if a slave brought less or more weight than their previous weight ins then the slave is whipped because they were either slacking or have no been working to their
Slaves during the mid-1800s were considered chattel and did not have rights to anything that opposed their masters’ wishes. “Although the slaves’ rights could never be completely denied, it had to be minimized for the institution of slavery to function” (McLaurin, 118). Female slaves, however, usually played a different role for the family they were serving than male slaves. Housework and helping with the children were often duties that slaveholders designated to their female slaves. Condoned by society, many male slaveholders used their female property as concubines, although the act was usually kept covert. These issues, aided by their lack of power, made the lives of female slaves
During the American Revolution and the civil war, the North and the South experienced development of different socio-political and cultural environmental conditions. The North became an industrial and manufacturing powerhouse as a result of rise of movements like abolitionism and women’s right while the South became a cotton kingdom whose labor was sourced from slavery (Spark notes, 2011).
insights into what the narratives can tell about slavery as well as what they omit,
To understand the desperation of wanting to obtain freedom at any cost, it is necessary to take a look into what the conditions and lives were like of slaves. It is no secret that African-American slaves received cruel and inhumane treatment. Although she wrote of the horrific afflictions experienced by slaves, Linda Brent said, “No pen can give adequate description of the all-pervading corruption produced by slavery." The life of a slave was never a satisfactory one, but it all depended on the plantation that one lived on and the mast...
Self-preservation, natures first great law,All the creatures, but man, doth awe.-Andrew MarvelleLove, family, and small thrills are but three things to live for. Sometimes they are the only things to live for. Sometimes they are what drive us to survive. For some of the inmates at Angola State Prison, there is little to live for and they still survive.
The definition of family has changes dramatically over the course of history, especially from culture to culture. It is quite interesting to research the definition of family within slave communities because the slave definition of family not only changed from plantation to plantation, but also slave to slave. Upon reading the secondary sources, “The Shaping of the Afro-American Family,” by Steven Mintz, & Susan Kellogg, "Marriage in Slavery," by Brenda Stevenson, and “Motherhood in Slavery” by Stephanie Shaw, and the primary sources WPA Interviews of former slaves conducted in the 1930s. Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938, throughout all of these readings there seemed to be some definite themes. One is the roles between mother and father and their children, second is the role slave owners and their families, and another is the fact that for many slaves the definition of family was broad based. It seems that these accounts from the primary sources did not really capture the brutality that many history books seem to illustrate; instead many of the slaves had complete faithfulness for their owners. It seems really interesting that there would be this sort of “Stockholm” quality to the slaves. It seems slave life was very isolating, which created this dedication, which preserved what really happened on some plantation in the United States.
The life of a plantation mistress changed significantly once her husband left to join the Southern army. A majority of them stayed right on the land even if they were rich enough to move to a safer place. While there, the women and children would do a plethora of things: plant gardens, sew, knit, weave cloth, spin thread, process and cure meat, scour copper utensils, preserve and churn butter, and dip candles. Another important chore for a plantation mistress was caring for all the slaves. This included providing food, clothing, shelter, and medical care.1 Since money was scarce, "everything was made at home" according to one Southern woman. In a letter to her sister, she added that they "substituted rice for coffee . . . honey and homemade molasses for sugar . . . all we wore was made at home. Shoes also. You would be surprised to see how neat people looked."2 Even a ten-year-old girl wrote in her diary how she would have to go to work to help her mother: "Mama has been very busy to day and I have been trying to help her all I could." This same little girl cooked for her family and cared for her little sister while her mother was busy keeping the plantation alive. 3 Not only did the women stay busy trying to keep...
The first arrivals of Africans in America were treated similarly to the indentured servants in Europe. Black servants were treated differently from the white servants and by 1740 the slavery system in colonial America was fully developed.
On a family level, slave life would be emotionally difficult. Firstly, marriages would never be legally recognized. This did not stop slaves from having holy matrimony. They simply were not recognized by the state. Plus, a wedding vow would sometimes say “Until death or distances do you part,” because families would often be split up. This was done to keep slaves from bonding together and causing up risings. It was just another way the slave owners held power over their slaves. Even though this was true, most children were still rais...
To avoid over work slaves tried to work at their own pace and resist speedups. Some of the techniques they used to prevent work were to fake illness or pregnancy, break or misplace tools or fake ignorance. Unless slaves lived near free territory, or near a city where they could blend into a free black population, they knew that permanent escape was unlikely. Only rarely, did a large group of slaves attempt a mass escape and maintain an independent freedom for long periods of time. On numerous occasions groups of runaway slaves either attacked white slave patrollers or tried to bribe them.
Some were also forced into life of captivity. It was common for young individuals to be kidnapped and taken to a home of a common family to work and serve them. Many owners would treat their slaves fairly. The masters would own a piece of property and have an apartment for their own personal family along with a home for the enslaved family. Equiano talks about how many slaves owned their own slaves in some cases.
By 1860, nearly 3,950,528 slaves resided in the United States (1860 census). Contrary to popular belief, not all slaves worked in hot and humid fields. Some slaves worked as skilled laborers in cities or towns. The slaves belonged to different social or slave classes depending on their location. The treatment of the slaves was also a variable that changed greatly, depending on the following locations: city, town or rural. Although all slaves were products of racial views, their living conditions, education, and exposure to ideas differed greatly depending on their social classes and if they lived in a rural or urban setting.
By 1804, all of the Northern states had abolished slavery. The Missouri Compromise then banned all slavery north of the southern boundary of Missouri in 1808. While slavery still remained in the South, about one-third of the population was slaves. Most of them lived on small plantations or on large farms. The majority of the slave owners wanted the slaves to be fully dependent on them, and the slaves were governed by a system of restrictive codes. They were forbidden to learn to read and write. Among many other cruel treatments, many of the slave masters engaged in sexual relations with their slaves. The slaves who were obedient and listened to their masters were often rewarded, while the mutinous slaves were cruelly punished. Although they could not legally marry anyone, they still would get married and raise large families. This was encouraged by slave owners, but they still would split them up by selling them or simply just removing
When the owner wasn’t around slaves could interact with each other. Families that came over on the boats were ripped apart at the auction blocks. They were thrown together not knowing each other and had to form some kind of structure to their personal lives. Younger men and women and children looked up the older men and women as parents. Slaves would be put in...