Diagnosis: Skeleton Twins Milo and Maggie Dean fulfill the criteria for major depressive disorder. The twin’s depression is heavily influenced biologically as well as psychologically. Some causal factors and influences include genetics, stress from parent’s suicide, lack of support, failure in career, and higher-risk sexual activity, (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2014). The movie makes evident that the main characters have struggled from this disorder ever since childhood. Evaluating back to Maggie and Milo’s stressful event that formed dysfunctional beliefs clarifies the possible causes to major depression. Milo and Maggie’s Father Milo and Maggie’s father’s suicide plays a big role in the twin’s depression. The movie indicates that the twins …show more content…
She was rejecting towards her children’s emotions, not giving them the emotional support they needed. Maggie now has disdain for her mother, whereas Milo still seemed hopeful for his Mother’s love and support. People who have lack of social support are more likely to be vulnerable to major depressive disorder, (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2014). The twin’s mother’s behavior clearly worsened the twin’s problems with depression during her visit. Excessive reassurance seeking can result when one experiences social rejection, especially if the person experiences the rejection frequently, (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2014). The interpersonal difficulties that their mother caused as children follow them into adulthood, (Barbour, n.d.). This becomes a cycle, the interpersonal difficulties that have become chronic continue to worsen depression and continuing the interpersonal difficulties, (Barbour, n.d.). This is Beck’s cognitive theory at play here. Early experiences form dysfunctional beliefs, critical incidents activate these beliefs, and the negative thoughts become automatic, (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2014). Social support is a critical variable in depression, (Barbour, n.d.). This is because the extent a person likes someone is directly correlated with how much one is willing to help and support that person, (Barbour, n.d.). Milo and …show more content…
Milo 's discomfort and humiliation was obvious when he was catching up with Rich and lied about his degree of success in acting. He does not want to be looked down upon by Rich. He often avoids telling anyone about how he is now just waiting tables in Los Angeles to make end 's meet. This discloses that Milo would rather lie than having the possibility of someone judge him on his failure. Shame is an extremely common symptom of loss or failure in a career, (Knox, n.d.). Shame occurs due to the thought of “what will they think of me?” This is giving the authority to people judge us and let their judgments play in one’s identity, (Knox, n.d.). Milo 's failed acting career is a large stress factor that can be a causal factor in depression. Being unsuccessfulness in one’s career can form thoughts and beliefs that one is failure in every aspect in life. This is a crippling belief that can exacerbate major depression (Butcher, Mineka, & Hooley, 2014). Milo closely identified himself with his potential to be a big actor. This factors in the severity of his loss of sense of self, (Knox,
Of the millions of people who lived in camps during the Holocaust, there were about two thousand twins who were experimented on. They were the pride of a German man who worked at Auschwitz from 1943-1945. His name was Dr. Josef Mengele. He was researching human genetics and diseases. He liked this one certain group more than he liked the rest though. He would always handpick them out so he could do research on them and their family history. Being a twin in Auschwitz was worse that working in a camp, because they were separated from their families, experimented on, and brutally murdered.
According to the first stage in the model, Mary's early childhood experience is the primary contributor to her depression. Mary had experienced an instable childhood; her parents deemed unfit to care for her, leading to separation by Child Youth Services when she was two. This family dysfunction (by definition, disturbance or abnormality, not referring to abuse) provides the first risk factor of her depression. Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE) Studies have shown that destructive consequences on adult mental health are directly correlated by household dysfunction during childhood (Chapman et al., 2004). Freud's philosophy and the humanistic theory explains how this is a risk to Mary's depression, suggesting that humans possess an id that seeks gratification of unconditional acceptance (Reid & Sanders, 2010). It shows that Mary’s early family dysfunction forms the basis of her negative core belief that no one wants her, as this initial rejection of acceptance poses a question to her sense of belonging. Since Tracey is deficit of acceptance at a very young age, she learns to blame her circumstance on internal causes, increasing the risk factor for her depression in adulthood (Kosslyn, Rosenberg & Lambert, 2014).
In a biological outlook on depression, abnormal genetic or biochemical processes incline some individuals to depression. Conversely, in a cognitive perspective, the way people understand events in their lives has a very important effect on their weakness to depression. One example of a cognitive perspective is the hopelessness theory in which people believe that negative events in their lives are stable and global in that it will last “forever” and will affect everything he or she does causing a maladaptive cognitive (Alloy, Abramson, Francis, 1999). This article proposes that negatively biased negative self description provides the foundation for a cognitive vulnerability to depression. That is, a person whose mind set is negatively biased when processing information about one’s self may be particularly vulnerable to depression. For instance, when confronted with an unfamiliar situation, a vuln...
The Bever family didn’t socialize very much. “By many neighbors’ accounts, the Bevers kept out of sight and to themselves — the kids played alone in the backyard, walked down neighborhood streets bunched together and their parents didn’t socialize much.” (Schallhorn). Communication, the skill that all children and children need to master. Not socializing with other kids at a young age is substandard because children need this when they are younger. “As many as 1 in every 33 children may have depression; in teens, that number may be as high as 1 in 8.” (Understanding Depression). The teens in youth today are being effected by depression. As you can see, depression is very common among teens around 12-18 years old. Depression can persuade people to make different choices than they normally would. Being effected this young could have long term effects in the long run. When people commit crimes it is either because they aren’t being helped and no one will listen to them, or they just don’t care. Your mental health starts from the day you are born. You constantly learn about your surroundings, so it can be a benefit to have social interaction from an early
Depression is an equal opportunity disorder, it can affect any group of people with any background, race, gender, or age. Depression is a sneak thief that slips quietly and gradually into people’s lives - robbing them of their time, and their focus. At first, depression may be undetectable, but in the long run a person could become so weighed down that their life may feel empty and meaningless. Contrary to popular belief, not everyone who commits suicide is depressed, but majority of people who commits suicide do so during a severe depressive episode. There are over 300 million people in the world today who suffer from depression. Depression has affected people for a long as records have been kept. It was first called out by the famous Greek philosopher Hippocrates over 2,400 years ago. Hippocrates called it “melancholia”. Many times we think of depression as one disorder alone, when in fact there are many different types of depression. The different types of depression are major depressive disorder, dysthymic disorder, atypical disorder, adjustment disorder, and depressive personality disorder. All types of depression share at least one common symptom. It is commons from the person who suffers from any form of depression to feel an unshakable sadness, anxious, or empty mood. Major depressive disorder also known as unipolar depression or recurrent depressive disorder is the most severe depressive disorder out of all of the depressive in my estimation. Major depressive disorder is a condition in which affects a person’s family, work or school life, sleeping, eating and general health. It is important to emphasize that we can understand the mechanics of this disorder and how it affects people with major depressive disorder.
Major Depressive Disorder, according to Coon, is a mood disorder in which the person has suffered one or more intense episodes of depression. Major Depressive Disorder falls under mood disorders subtopic depressive disorders (Coon 2013). “Psychologist have come to realize that mood disorders (major disturbances in emotion) are among the most serious of all psychological conditions. In any given year, roughly 9.5 percent of the U.S. population suffers from a mood disorder (National Institute of Mental Health, 2011a)” (Coon 2013). I was one of the 9.5 percent. I have decided to write on this topic because I want to understand what causes it. I have been depressed before without medication or counseling and I wanted to know why do you get depressed and how does it impact you. This essay will talk about disorder information, disorder triggers, research on depression, treatment for depression, and theorist’s experiments for Major Depression Disorder.
Depression is a serious mental health illness which affects an individuals’ mind, body and mood. It is a chronic and lifelong health condition (NICE, 2006) thought to be caused by a number of biological factors including neurotransmitter disturbances in the brain and an element of genetic vulnerability; these are often in addition to psychosocial factors such as the occurrence of undesirable life events, limited social network options, poor self esteem and the occurrence of any adverse life events during a persons’ lifetime (Bernstein, 2006). Depression can have an impact on a persons’ ability to do many things including working, engaging with others, participating fully in family life or maintaining relationships, and it can also impact on a person...
The struggle to battle with the persistent grief of self-blame and lack of identity is a constant reminder to the barriers in relationships. Leroy grieves over the fact that he has lost his identity as a father and husband. Although he often thinks of Randy, the memories of him have faded. As a result, he latches on to Norma Jean but she doesn’t respond back. This causes him to feel like a failure of a husband. Norma Jean is grieving over the emptiness in her life. It was not the life she thought she would have. Her deceased son symbolizes her emptiness because of his death. She also feels emptiness towards her husband. For example, she feels very uncomfortable around him and always tries to find something for him to do. When Leroy arrives back home from his accident Mason implies, “he thinks she’s seems a little disappointed” (Mason 220), displaying Norma Jean frustrated with his lying around doing nothing but watching television and smoking pot. In addition, Norma Jean feels emptiness towards her mother, which is presented in the way her mother criticizes her. When tragedies occur in a family and self-confidence fades it can take over your life a...
Lizabeth feels conflicted when she overheard her mother and father arguing as her father displayed distress over the fact that he could not support his family.When Lizabeth awoke in the middle of the night as her mother returned home, she she overheard her parents arguing and realized that her life was not as simple as she had once thought. Her father that she had once remembered as the strong, hardworking parent, was crying to her mother, “who was small and soft”, about how he could not support his family. This is new and unfamiliar to Lizabeth, and she feels as though, “The world had lost its boundary lines...Everything was suddenly out of tune, like a broken accordion… I do not now remember my thoughts, only feelings of great bewilderment and fear.” (8). While she had once understood her family’s dynamics, Lizabeth now feels confused and frightened as her view of her parents who she once believed she could lean on in times of need, was changed and they were not as perfect as the once thought. Not only was her family affected, but so was the rest of her town, her race, and much of her country, and all was the effect of The Depression. She is in conflict at what to think, and is upset and unsettled to this new knowledge that she has just gained, and how it has changed her
The biological influences associated with depression include genes, chemical imbalance, and or damage to the anatomy of the brain. For example, genes are the personal blueprint of every individual, which maps out what a person is likely to inherit from generation to generation. These inherited gens predispose a person to inherit certain personality traits, physical features, medical and mental health condition such as depression. However, if these inherited genes do not become active by an environmental influence such as the loss of a loved one or a job, there is no guarantee that a condition will take place (NIMH, 1998). In a study by Sullivan, Neale, and Kendler (2000), the implications of genetic influences is evident that familial aggregation (x2 = 97.7, df = 1, p > 0.00005) runs in biological families (first-degree relatives such as parents and children) with major depression. In addition, the twin studies indicate a higher genetic influence in identical twin (who share identical genes) a...
In the Olson’s family, time was critical for their lives’ development. As time went by, the Olson’s family situation got worse. John could not find a job; Susan did not like how John was taking care of the house, the unemployment benefits from John were running out and the death of the youngest child occurred. Smith and Hamon (2012) explain that unexpected life events on families can bring pressure, especially when those life events are not taking place in accordance with their life cycle. Smith and Hamon (2012) declare that when two events take place at the same time or close from one another, it causes the family development to experiences some difficulties. In the Olson’s family, the loss of John’s job and the death of Patty caused their development to suffer because two drastic events happened too close from one
Behavioral genetics is a field of research that investigates the relative effects of heredity and environment on behavior and ability (Plomin, 1997). Two of the primary methods used by behavioral geneticists are the twin study method, first used by Galton (1975) in his studies of heredity, and the adoption method.
WENZLAFF, R.M. and PROHASKA, M. L., 1989. When misery prefers company: Depression, attributions, and responses to others' moods. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 25, pp.220-233.
I have always been fascinated by conjoined twins and have always had questions about them like; what do the Siamese have to do with conjoined twins? Why does this form of twin happen? What, if any genes cause this? What types of Conjoined twins are there? How does the environment affect, if at all, the biological families' gene pool? In my research in efforts to prepare this paper, I found the answers to this question and many more. This term paper will cover the types of conjoined twins, the biological occurrence that causes conjoined twins, a look into some of the genetic and environmental causes of conjoined twins, the types of conjoined twins and the genetic and social impact of conjoined twins.
Thoits, P. A. (1986). Social Support As Coping Assistance.. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 54(4), 416-423.