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THE IMPACT OF absent fathers
THE IMPACT OF absent fathers
Growing up with a single parent effects
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Research Paper Almost half of all children in the US by the age of 15 will have lived with a single parent (Anderson cited in Barajas 13). In fact, father absent homes have a greater effect on boys than on girls (Mandara, Murry; Sigle-Rushton &McLanahan, cited in Barajas 13). Those teenage boys that are raised in single mother households in low income areas are more likely to participate in criminal activity because they receive less supervision, are surrounded by crime in their neighborhoods, and receive low education levels. Teenage boys raised by single mothers in low-income neighborhoods are more inclined to be involved in criminal activity ranging from drug usage, gang involvement, burglary, and murder just to name a few (Alfrey 3). As stated in The National Healthy …show more content…
Since the other Wes’ mother left for work before he left for school in the morning, she had no way of knowing if he actually went to school or not. So rather than going to school, he would invite his friends over and they would do drugs (Moore 59). If Wes had more supervision after his mother left for work then he wouldn’t have been able to get away with skipping school. According to the article The Trouble With Boys, single mothers spend between 1.2 and 1.4 hours less per week with their sons than their daughters, so therefore boys are at a disadvantage because they receive lower levels of parental input than those kids who have both parents present (Bertrand and Pan 53). Not only does the lack of parental supervision cause teen-age boys to engage in criminal activity, but also being surrounded by crime in neighborhoods leads to criminal activity. Single mothers that are raising kids all by themselves are forced to financially support their kids all by themselves, which draws them to live in more affordable yet poor neighborhood (Alfrey 5). In The Other Wes Moore, both Wes’ lived in low-income neighborhoods where drugs were being sold and other criminal
However, Peter had left the household in 2001, but still supported the family financially. In the book Criminal Behavior: A Psychological Approach by Curt R. Bartol discusses the parental and family risk factors of single-parent households. In the early studies it was concluded that delinquents are more likely to come from homes where parents were separated or divorced. In recent studies researchers have looked into the correlation of single-parent households, the quality of the parent-child relationship, economic status, emotional support available, and more. In the study of “conflict-ridden vs. conflict-free” it focused on the process rather than structure of family. Children from a single-parent home that are relatively conflict-free are less likely to be a delinquent than children from conflict-ridden “intact” homes. A stable, secure, and mutually supportive family is exceedingly important
In families where there is no male role model, a child is far more likely to become involved in crime. The data that exists suggests a direct correlation between youths raised without a father and criminal activity.
Kreager, Derek A., Ross L. Matsueda, and Elena A. Erosheva. 2010. “Motherhood and Criminal Desistance in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods.” Criminology 48:221-58.
Kreager, Derek A., Ross L. Matsueda, and Elena A. Erosheva. 2010. “Motherhood and Criminal Desistance in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods.” Criminology 48:221–58.
However, the question whether such an effect is universal remains unanswered. In a study by Kierkus & Hewitt, (2009) they examined the link between non-traditional family structures and delinquency based on several variables such as gender, race, age, SES, family size and place of residence. They made an interesting finding that age and family size impacts the relationship between family structures, crime, and delinquency (Kierkus & Hewitt, 2009). More specifically, the old adolescents and those from larger families were at a significant risk for participating in juvenile
The behavior among juveniles and family problems among their homes is a major issue at hand in our society today. According to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (2010), in the year 2010, 784 juveniles were arrested for murder, 2,198 for rape, and 35,001 for aggravated assault. The amount of juveniles being involved in violent crimes is very detrimental to all aspects of our society, but environmental factors are a major component of this issue that needs to be analyzed. The question is then is how does instability and turmoil within the family affect the rate of juvenile delinquency amount youth. Dysfunction within the family, negative peer pressure and substance abuse all influence the behavior and action of youth ages persons. All of these factors contribute to the possibility of a youth aged child to becoming a juvenile delinquent. Not all youths that have these different situations occurring in their childhood become involved in criminal activities, but they increase the chances. Children are affected at young ages and the things that they face in life and they way they act are vital in the path that they choose to follow in life.
One of the main ideas that cover the link between crime and the role of the family was that single parenthood is a risk factor. It was suggested that father absence in childhood was a cause of crime but this may not be as relevant in today’s society as divorce is much more common and it may have been more about the social exclusion the children experienced from the outside world because of their parents divorce (ref). Both Loeber and Stouthamer-Loeber (1986) along with Farrington (1991) researched into the affect of the number of siblings in the family on the likelihood of committing crime. Both pieces of research found that if the family contained more children, money was short creating chaos and mischief was generally less detectable (ref). Altogether this can lead to children not being able to distinguish good behaviour from bad due to lack of punishment/operant conditioning which may carry on to them performing the same behaviours (such as using violence to get their way) in the outside world, making them more likely to commit crime. Another way OC affects the likelihood of committing violent crime is if violent behaviour was observed within the family in childhood. For instance many studies have been conducted into this topic and findings generally conclude that if children witness or experience violent physical or sexual abuse within the family it is
Deviance can occur in any society or home but is mostly connected and associated with broken homes. Children with single parents are believed to be at high risk of being delinquent. The reason delienquency is very likely to occur is because the child is either "motherless" or "fatherless", and this may currupt the personality of the child in many ways. This is argued may lead to a destructive delinquent future. "Bad" neighborhoods, where single parents reside often leads to delinquency as the social society that single parents often live in are surrounded by deviant behaviour. The main reason single parents tend to reside in estates and currupted areas is they cant work because they have. Single parents tend not to punish their children for deviant behaviour as some parents feel guilty because the child only has one parent and they do not wnt thier child to resent them. Most citizens today believe It is very important for children to grow up in a nuclear family (two parents and children).
Experts believe this is because juveniles from poorer backgrounds have lower expectations on what they can accomplish in their lives and are at greater risk of criminal conduct. Despite these studies not all juvenile fire setters come from a poor background. The average age of a juvenile fire setter is approximately eleven years old. The juvenile offender is largely male making up 94 percent of total offenders. Children raised in single parent homes lack adult supervision and guidance due that the mother does not have time to supervise her child or children due that she may be working several jobs for extra income. Parental rejection is strongly pointed as being the most powerful predictor of delinquency. Children lacking a healthy intact family system appear to be at a higher risk of delinquent behavior. A negative family background seems pivotal in factoring juvenile delinquency. Juveniles lacking strong parental discipline, facing marital discord, abuse, neglect, and parents with criminal behavior can contribute to delinquency. Two parent homes today are now in decline and this appears to be the standard moving toward the future. Williams, D. (n.d.) Understanding the Arsonist: From Assessment to Confession (2nd
Each year hundreds of thousands of teens are arrested for committing criminal offenses. For many adolescent, juvenile delinquency is just something that comes with growing up but for some it becomes a cycle that continues until their adult years. Juvenile delinquency not only effect the offender themselves but it also places a burden on society as well. Among the most abundantly stated causal factors of juvenile delinquency is broken homes. The relationship between a parent and child have been explored by countless amounts of researchers. “Children in disadvantaged families that have few opportunities for legitimate employment and face a higher risk of social exclusion are overrepresented among offenders” Juvenile
Recent research indicates that family system plays a vital role in the direction that an adolescent takes in as far as substance abuse is concerned (North, 2012; Gunnarsson, 2012). Research has shown that adolescents from single-parents tend to have a higher propensity to engage in substance abuse and other delinquent behavior unlike children in proper family setting with both parents present (...
This “circle” may include family and friends. Over the years, the constituents of a typical household have evolved. Extended families are increasing and the probabilities of a child growing up with one or no parent are more likely to happen now than they did years ago. Studies have found that families with both parents involved in a child’s life are less likely to have delinquent juveniles than families with one or no parent as long as the parents displayed healthy communication and lifestyles among themselves and their children. Furthermore, extended families seem to have a healthier lifestyle than that of nuclear families. The main point focuses on the idea that the happier and healthier a family is, the less likely the children will grow to commit offenses. Bad parenting falls under this idea. Parents who abuse, neglect, and communicate poorly with their children will more likely raise a child who will be involved in criminal acts. Household abuse also tends to work in a cycle. If a child is abused then he or she will more likely be at risk of abusing his or her future children. Studies also show that parents who are involved in criminal offenses are more likely to have juvenile delinquents because children learn from their parents. Thus, abuse and delinquent behavior correspond with each other. Additionally, if the child has a delinquent sibling, that also
The accessibility to a lifetime of social welfare programs is a major contributory factor to increment in incarceration rates we face today. Welfare either enables or deters individuals in several ways and thus contributes to crime. Single parents with dependent children are more susceptible criminal activity. June O'Neill argues that children raised in single parent homes are 33 percent more likely to exhibit antisocial behavior.
Some of these teratogens include fetal alcohol syndrome and substance abuse. Also, early sexual activity and teen pregnancy are risk factors for victimization and delinquency. The exposure to violence on television and in video games have also been linked to children having delinquent behavior. Some family risk factors include divorce, incarceration of parents, poverty and poor parenting. Parent incarceration results to children being the highest at risk population. (Miller 2006; Whitaker and Buell 2007). Also, poor parenting results to children's bad behavior and leads to problems within the school and community. Some school risk factors that contribute to juvenile delinquency include dropping out of school, negative labeling by teachers and negative attitude toward school. Peer rejection and gang involvement are two examples of peer risk factors for delinquency. Also, some of the community risk factors include high-crime and low crime
The headlines proclaimed the controversial news: race, poverty, and single-parents were NOT the irrevocable harbingers of drug abuse, teen pregnancy, and violence. Instead, researchers were claiming that behaviors that parents and teens could influence -- such as problems at school and the amount of time spent "hanging out with friends" and the type of friends they chose -- could predict trouble.