Define glucose, fructose, sucrose and lactose and distinguish between simple and complex carbohydrates.
Glucose- is the primary energy source for the body, and it also the most important monosaccharide.
Fructose- is also a monosaccharide and also the sweetest natural sugar. It’s found in fruits and honey.
Sucrose- is a disaccharide formed by linking fructose and glucose. It’s also known as simply sugar.
Lactose- is a milk sugar because it’s found in milk. It’s a disaccharide in milk and milk products, it’s also slightly sweet.
Simple carbs includes sugars that naturally occurs in foods like sugars in fruits or sugars in honey, and other sugars that are added in foods. Complex carbs are made of chains of sugars like in starch and fiber.
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It doesn’t form gels and bacteria are less likely to be able to digest it. It’s found in whole grains, legumes, wheat bran, and other fruits and vegetables.
Summarize the functions of carbohydrates and describe how glycogen functions in the body.
Carbohydrates are the main source of the body’s energy. Most of the carbs people eat are converted into glucose sugar in the body. The cells can burn protein and fat for energy. It would use the glucose sugars to burn off first since it’s the most efficient energy source. Glycogen in the glucose from foods that is stored in the body. It’s stored in two places of the body, the liver and the muscles. Blood sugar glucose starts to dip and more energy is needed, the liver converts glycogen into glucose sugars. Then glucose would then be delivered by the bloodstream into the cells.
Describe how carbohydrates are digested and absorbed and how the body regulates glucose in the
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Lipids- A group of fatty substance including fats, oils, and cholesterol that provide a rich source of energy and give structure to the cell.
Triglycerides- Are the major form of lipid in food and in the body.
Fats- A lipid that is solid at room temperature. It usually comes from fat from animals sources like beef fat or butter fat.
Oil- Is a liquid at room temperature and is generally comes from a plant origin.
One function of fat keeps the body to be warm. Fats are also a way to provide the body to have energy. It also carries some vitamins in the body and also help with absorption of the vitamins. Also some fats can also carry some fatty acids in the body as well.
Define saturated, trans, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fat and list foods in which each one is found.
Saturated fat- Is a triglyceride made of mostly saturated fats.
Monounsaturated fat- Is a triglyceride made of mostly monounsaturated fats.
Polyunsaturated- Is a triglyceride made of polyunsaturated
Weighing too much is a matter of energy balance, a matter of calories going in verses calories going out, right? Maybe not. New research and new thinking in nutrition has started shifting this idea of energy balance to a view centered on food as a whole. It may be that getting rid of those pounds does not require hours of pounding on a treadmill as much as it requires rethinking what you eat.
Carbohydrates are categorised in three many groups: Ø Monosaccharide – monomers and therefore contain single surgar. Ø Disaccharide – contain double sugars. Ø Polysaccharide – are large molecules containing many complex sugars. The general formula for carbohydrates is Cx(H20)y. Monosaccharides are white crystalline solids with low molecular mass and sweet tasting.
Glucose is liberated from dietary carbohydrate such as starch or sucrose by hydrolysis within the
I think that fat is both good and bad. Eating fat can give us energy. Although, if too much fat is consumed it may cause health problems. We all need fat. It surrounds our muscles. The fat is intimately connected with the muscle. This is called the adipose tissue. This tissue has the ability to communicate with other parts in our body. It provides our muscles with energy. But, if too much fat is consumed, it will start to build up and cause problems including obesity and major health problems like a heart
In addition, both stevia and sucrose structures contain glucose, but since stevia contains two more glucose carbon rings and its steviol core, it is much more difficult to break down due to all the covalent bonds made up with in the
...e more likely to be liquids. The saturated fats have a higher melting point and are they more likely to be solids at room temperature. (Human Biology)
Carbohydrates are divided into two groups based on how complex their structure is.Monosaccharides is a simple carbohydrate because it has one simple sugar, disaccharides has a combination of two simple sugars.An example of disaccharides is lactose.Complex carbohydrates also known as polysaccharides are known to have multiple sugars.Polysaccharides are also used to store energy, an example of this starch.In addition, nutrients include proteins ,fats, minerals and vitamins.Multiple tests were taken like Benedict’s Solution, Lugol’s Solution, and Biuret’s Solution to test if the presence of a substance was there.
Discuss blood glucose control? What organ(s) and hormones are involved in blood glucose control at the cellular level?
It can be categorized as fats, oils, or waxes. Lipids can give energy but its function is to mainly stores energy (in adipose cells). Other functions of lipids are to help the body absorb vitamins. It can also be an important part of biological membranes. It also serves as a chemical messenger in the body like hormones. There are many more things lipids can do. Such as, provide warmth for the body, protect the body, maintain vision and support the immune system. Lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with the carbon in fatty acids. The carbon atoms in the acids combines with another carbon atom making the lipid saturated which means the fatty acid contains the maximum amount of hydrogen atoms. For a fatty acid to be unsaturated there is only one carbon double bond. Also, if a lipid contains a fatty acid that has more than one double bond, it is polyunsaturated which can be seen on various food labels. Foods containing lipids are different oils like (olive oil, canola oil, soybean etc.) nuts, fatty fruits (avocado), certain fish (tuna, salmon, sardines, herring, anchovies, mackerel) and egg
Chemistry is vitally important in our understanding physiology. The molecule of my choice for this final exam is Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are originated as the outcome of photosynthesis, the condensation of carbon dioxide that requires light energy and chlorophyll pigment. Carbohydrates are a huge source of something called metabolic energy, which can be found in plants which help feed our animals. Carbohydrates are found in sugars and starches but they have another purpose which is called cellulose which helps transport the compound ATP. Carbs are called saccharides and if they are considered sugars. The complexity of carbohydrates which are monosaccharides and complex carbs which consist of polysaccharides disaccharides and oligosaccharides. Carbohydrates represent the main source of energy for the human body. All carbs can be broken down into sugars and absorbed into our intestines and blood stream. Your body uses the glucose formed as fuel for energy. Different carbs digest and break down at different rates. When our blood sugar levels increase our pancreas pumps insulin into our blood stream. Simple carbs turn into glucose faster where complex carbs slowly turn into glucose. The foods we eat that contain carbohydrates cause our blood sugar levels to increase, transporter proteins push the glucose into our muscles, liver cells and fat where our bodies store or end up using the glucose. The cells in our bodies can’t directly use the glucose, so it has to be converted into molecules that cells then use as an energy source. One of the most important molecule for energy storing is the adenosine triphosphate known as ATP. When our cells contain oxygen it can then turn glucose into the ATP molecules using some chemical rea...
Saturated fats come from animal sources like steak, hamburger and pork. Unsaturated fats are derived from plants. There are also trans fats that are considered poison for the body. They raise the bad cholesterol in your body, and should never be included in a healthy diet. There are also fatty acids like omega-3 and omega-6 that are good for a healthy body.
Sucrose is commonly found in many plants, such as: sugar canes and sugar maples. Sucrose can be broken down to a smaller form and it can be used as a sweetener. Sucrose is a disaccharide; this is because it has two monosaccharides that are known as fructose and glucose.
Sugars are carbohydrates naturally occurring in foods such as fruit, vegetables milk and grains, providing dietary energy, sweetness and various functional properties in food applications. It has been used as a food stabilizer and an essential ingredient in domestic food preparation and preservation for centuries. There are several types of sugars including sucrose, a disaccharide (C12H22O11) composed of fructose and glucose naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables and lactose derived from milk. Sucrose is the end product of the photosynthesis process in plants and is extracted for commercial use and consumption. Main source of sugar is derived from high sugar containing plants such as sugar beets and sugar cane and may be further manufactured into different types of sugars, including brown sugar, powdered sugar or liquid sugar. It is widely used in foods and beverages to enhance sensory attributes including sweet taste, flavor and texture as well as other physical and chemical properties. (Linden, Lorient, 1999)
Energy is required for the body for growth, exercise and everyday activities. The body breaks down fats and foods, but it also creates new things like muscle. To do so, it needs energy which comes from the food and drinks that we eat or consume. (annecollins.com) Lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, are the main energy sources for the human body, and they have to be broken down into smaller molecules, and digested by enzymes before they are used. (digestive.niddk)
When we normally consume carbohydrate in our regular diet, the carbohydrate molecules break down to form glucose. Glucose is the easiest available source of energy, for this reason, our body utilizes glucose over any other sources of energy.