The wise words of Tim Marshall, that “All leaders are constrained by geography,” reinforces the notion that world events are indeed affected in context to its physiological traits. With the rise of fierce competition for geographic resources, the developed world differs vastly from those that are still developing. Constricted by the institutional structures set by global developed countries due to their fierce industrial competition, lesser developed worlds recede further and further from the economic standards of the world. Influenced by economic outbursts, each respective developed and undeveloped countries form their own urban models due to the restraints of their geography. In current times, there’s been a harsh but true division of resources …show more content…
between countries. Those divisions currently place North America and Europe or the “Western World” on a pedestal standing tall as economic behemoths. Of course, other countries with less opportunities due to their limited geography would then be classified as “Developing Worlds” with hopes that they too, one day could stand along these financial mammoths. As the growth of the global economy broadens progressively, there are varying urban models to properly explain the differences between the behemoths with the pygmies. Thus, the interaction influenced by the demographics of developed and developing worlds with varying similarities and differences, would forever have an effect in its socio-economics, political gains, and industrialization. The foundation of all countries whether affluent or indigent in their resources, share some subtle similarities.
In every model between North America, Europe and Developing Worlds, there’s the emphasized importance on accessibility. The centrally located central business district in a concentric model such as that in Europe and Developing Worlds makes its land value the highest, sharing a common theme. While North America is founded upon a multiple nuclei model, it shares the distant decay theory with the concentric model of Europe and Developing Models. Centralized business districts’ sphere of influence decline gradually with distance along with population density. Yet despite both models varying in differences, the prevalence of residential segregation due to socio-economic status is not limited to one or the other model. Lower-income groups of residents live in the inner city to reduce time and cost of transport near the factory zone in return for the easiness in working opportunities, goods and services. Residential segregation being applicable to both variable of models, no amount of urbanization and development will not substitute comfort and …show more content…
accessibility. Despite similarities, there are easily identifiable differences in the urban models of the “Western World” compared to “Developing Worlds.” North America, with its enormous fortunes built upon vast amounts of land and resources, there’s no denial that its technology would not be renowned.
With the advancement of technology came motorized personal transportation establishing reduced transportation costs. Although the foundation of a multiple-nuclei model is built on a central business district, greater movement due to personal transportation allowed for specialization of regional centers. This would include business centers, technological buildings, along with recreational areas and parks. Despite the separation of a centralized district, events and activities would be together for a mutual benefit as it was easy to travel through the city. This is the optimal model to follow a city through its expansion. North America differs from its brethren, Europe from the “Western World” being that Europe adopted the central business model for its urbanization. Despite both being countries being economic whales, their identifiable difference would be the land mass each continent holds. Europe, due to their scarcity of land sets a stimulus to constitute a central business district model. Yet subtle difference in transportation between Europe and North America would create a substantial node that differs population density. There’d be more prevalence of apartments in Europe rather than
North America due to the high urban population density. The future holds a very uncertain model for the ideal city. Each urban model, with their varying benefits but of course, with deficiencies as well, makes it hard to adapt to what the future might hold. As the population of the global world grows, so will the need to update the urbanization growth. It is undeniable that there are other factors that played a pivotal role in the socio-economic institutions in the development of the global world, however no one can argue Europe was the pivoting point in history for urban development. As history progressed so too did the liberal ideas developing into a more equal socio-economic class within developed countries. As the saying goes “Rome was not built in a day,” neither was cities in developing countries. Seasoned journalist, Tim Marshall in his publication of “Prisoners of Geography” would defend his thesis that physical characteristics of countries engage in the development of the following countries. In relation to the history of Europe, fierce competitions between neighboring countries such as Britain, France and Germany would create the pavement towards the industrial revolution. This mechanized revolution would then transfer to the oversea continent of North America who had just as equal if not more resources than the ancient land of Europe. History would not be complete without close examination of geography.
In the book The Power of Place: Geography, Destiny, and Globalization’s Rough Landscape, the author, Harm de Blij, argues that where we are born and our geography can affect who we are and what we will become. He applies his knowledge of geography and other relatable information such as health, economy, languages, and several other areas of subject. De Blij categorizes the earth into three subdivisions: locals, globals, and mobals. He defines locals as “those who are poorest, least mobile, and most susceptible to the power of place” (pg-notes). Globals are those who “whether in government, industry, business, or other decision-making capacities, flatten
Smith, D. A. (1996). Third World Cities in Global Perspective: The Political Economy of Uneven Urbanization. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press Inc.
“gentrification as an ugly product of greed. Yet these perspectives miss the point. Gentrification is a byproduct of mankind 's continuing interest in advancing the notion that one group is more superior to another and worthy of capitalistic consumption with little regard to social consciousness. It is elitism of the utmost and exclusionary politics to the core. This has been a constant theme of mankind to take or deplete a space for personal gain. In other words, it 's very similar to the "great advantage" of European powers over Native Americans and westward expansion”(Wharton).
Harm de Blij and his “The Power of Place: Geography, Destiny, and Globalization’s Rough Landscape” truly describes how geography is displayed in the world today. In particular on of the major themes that he discusses is the idea of globalization. He actually calls these people the “globals.” In the very beginning of his book he describes two different types of peoples: Locals and Globals. The difference between these people is that Locals are the poorer people, not as mobile, and more susceptible to the concept of place. On the other hand the Globals are the fortunate population, and are a small group of people who have experienced globalization firsthand (5). This idea of globalization is a main theme that Blij refers to throughout the book, however he also indirectly references the five themes of cultural geography: culture regions, cultural diffusion, cultural interaction, cultural ecology, and cultural landscapes. Through Blij’s analysis these five themes are revealed in detail and help explain his overall idea of globalization in the world today.
Analyze the major similarities and difference among European, Native American and African societies. What was the European impact on the peoples and the environment of the Americas and Africa during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
The modern world is separated into the wealthy and those in poverty. According to the theory of Geographic Luck, geography is the main determinant in a civilization’s success. Jared Diamond is correct on his theory about how luck affects human power,wealth, and strength, in that luck depends on where you are located affects what grows or lives in that area. Specifically, geography luck affects what cereal crops are able to grow successfully and sustain life, large domesticable mammals that provide labor, and a shared latitude allows the diffusion of agriculture.
Gentrification does not follow traditional urban growth theory, which predicts ?the decline of inner city areas as monied classes move to the metropolitan fringe.? The traditional economic model of real estate says that wealthy people can choose their housing from the total city market (Schwirian 96). Once these people decide to live in the suburbs, the lower social classes move into the old homes of the upper class, essentially handing housing down the socioeconomic ladder. Gentrification is actually a reversal of this process. For a variety of reasons, many inner city areas are becoming more attractive to the wealthy, and they are selecting their housing in those areas (Schwirian 96). The problem is that now when the wealthy take over poor homes and renovate them, the poor cannot afford the housing that the wealthy have abandoned. Many researchers have argued whether gentrification has truly created problems in cities. I will analyze the arguments for and against gentrification by exploring the subject from both sides.
India and China however, were landlocked and were by far the greatest industrial powers in the world till the Industrial revolution. Technology, not geography, helped temperate agriculture and industry to zoom ahead. One way a country overcomes geographical isolation is to improve its transportation infrastructure. Better roads, ports, paths, and other modes of transport provide access to world markets. But a country can only derive full benefits from these investments against a backdrop of good trade and macroeconomic policies. Consequently this leads to the belief that people again control the thought of their own geography.
From the information stated previously, we can clearly see how spatial relations have a direct impact on politics and economics in the United Kingdom and throughout the world. The socio-spatial relations between the United Kingdom and the European Union drastically influenced the outcome for Brexit. Although the United Kingdom will see the most political and economic change due to the Brexit referendum, there is still a ripple effect that makes its way all throughout Europe and even internationally due to trade relations. The United Kingdom’s decision to leave the European Union has had a direct impact politically and economically on many neighboring European Union countries and this in turn has caused a change in socio-spatial
Comparison of different geographical areas is a struggle as every structure differs and is unique to its own local challenges. When you inject human personalities along with leadership styles it is virtually impossible to conclude that one system works well for all entities, especially when one factors in politics, election terms and public judgement.
As urban economics is also a part of social science, so it subject to be constrained by social and political system. Therefore, under the different social systems, the contents of study will be significant differences. For examples, in the western countries, it mainly studies the markets within the city, and tries to so...
Historically, since the first industrial revolution happened in the UK, the development of productivity has accelerated the process of urbanization. London, as a metropolis, has become the world greatest economic center during that period. In order to provide financial and other essential services, the capital flow was at the forefront of industrial development as well as the regional economy development. Nowadays, world economic integration was the essence of globalization. It has comprised capital investment, trade, finance and the best allocation of resources. The world economic development has two significant features: the global economic integration and the economic regionalization. Therefore, an irreversible trend of city and city-regions development has been regarded as the new pattern of urbanization and regionalization, which indeed provided unprecedented opportunities for the world economic growth.
Global cities are cities with substantial economic power, controlling the concentration and accumulation of capital and global investments. Despite this, global cities are the sites of increasing disparities in occupation and income. This is as a result of large in-migration and growing income inequality together with capacity and resource constraints, and inadequate Government policies.
Due to the political, cultural, and social aspects of humans, whether it be the positive advancements of culture, negative consequences of dictatorship, the human geography affects humans more than the physical geography. Although the physical geography
Theories on urbanisation have been developed for such a long period of time that they have been blended into and intersect with theories that also pertain to cities, industrialization and more recently globalization. The prominent theories: