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The role of municipal government
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“Representation on Municipal Councils in Ontario” focused on the Region Niagara and its composition. The two main issues which were appraised the possible over governed region and the Chair selection method. The text, in class discussions and debates provided adequate information to provide comment on this topic. Comparison of different geographical areas is a struggle as every structure differs and is unique to its own local challenges. When you inject human personalities along with leadership styles it is virtually impossible to conclude that one system works well for all entities, especially when one factors in politics, election terms and public judgement. Alternative methods of weighted voting and selection of chair should be considered …show more content…
in an attempt to integrate mechanisms to alleviate growing pressures and ensure the public body is widely represented, in an effective manner and at minimal cost. Keep it simple. The indirect and double direct (City of Sarnia only) election process is efficient in The County of Lambton which includes a weighted voting system. Further the election of the Warden (Chair) is selection by two-thirds majority selection amongst peers. The County has implemented a two year term which has proven both beneficial and detrimental depending on the successful candidate. Further electoral considerations should incorporate some staggering of terms and selection of the Mayor should be through the popular vote and not a selection method.
It is evident when existing councillors pursue the position of Mayor; unsuccessful candidates with viable resources depart. With a popular vote type process it would not eliminate these individuals from being valuable members of Council. Municipal Council is the first line of government the general public can easily identify with and feel at ease to approach. Education of the general public on voting procedures is crucial. It is fair that most people are generally confused or uneducated when it comes to their electoral education and responsibilities. If the general voting population understood the process, access to candidates, feel comfortable with voicing their opinions and feel heard then it may garner more interest in the democratic process. However, unless the issue at hand affects people directly it is likely they won't engage. Municipal and county council members must be dedicated and motivated to take their appointments seriously to achieve respectable results, then the imminent questions regarding representation are resolved. But it comes at a cost. Elected officials at the must be paid adequately to represent as it is not fair to expect a full time educated commitment with a less than part time
remuneration. Well-trained core staff behind the scenes is invaluable. With resilient CAO/Clerk leadership, informative reporting and recommendations can be brought forth so Councils are able to render educated decisions based on the experienced staffing complement. It is a trial and error process. The process which works well for one area may be consistent and successful for years and with council changeover it may cease to be effective and changes are necessary. But to change the composition is time and process is intensive. By providing Council language within the Municipal Act, 2001 to make changes quickly, even by way of a trial provisions should be provided.
The municipal system experienced a steady growth for several decades following the establishment of responsible municipal government in Ontario with the Baldwin Act of 1849 (Frisken 30). International interest was generated in 1954 with the creation of Metropolitan Toronto, the first major structural change in the system. Yet, it was not until’ 1967 that the Ontario Committee on Taxation recommended that the rest of Ontario be restructured in regional governments similar to the structure of Metropolitan Toronto (Frisken 30). As a result of the recommendation was the creation of ten regional...
On Monday, April 13th, 2009, I visited the Culver City city council meeting, and found that they operate using a council-manager form of government. For a city with a population of about 38,000, this type of governmental structure is fairly common, and I was not surprised to see it in action in a community where the median household income is around $56,000 a year. Culver City is also a culturally rich community with a 60 percent Caucasian population, and a quarter of the residents are either of African American or Asian decent. The mayor, D. Scott Malsin, is one of five members on the council, and his term as mayor is on a rotating basis. Having been to a Hermosa Beach city council meeting with a similar council-manager structure, I knew what to expect.
The authors describe some of the advantages of a MMP system: “Mixed electoral systems provide fairly proportional outcomes, maintain the geographic link between constituents and members, provide for greater choice, and allow the opportunity for smaller parties to represented in Parliament” (p. 11). This system works better than the current FPTP or plurality system, because it allows citizen’s a second opportunity to have a voice. This is important because it would allow our minority groups to have a greater political influence. As mentioned earlier, in the current system all votes for candidates who lost, were insignificant to the election outcome. The authors explain: “Only those votes that go to the eventual winner count towards electing a representative, which may discourage people from voting or promote disaffection with the system” (p. 3). Alternatively, the MMP system allows citizen’s a second opportunity to elect party members in order to proportionally represent the popular
...ment plays an important role in determining the relationship between its politicians and electorates. It also “[calculates] how votes are translated into seats of political power... it... also affects the party system, political culture, the formation of government and the structure of the executive” (Trac 5). Most importantly, candidates in an SMP system can be elected with minimal amounts of public support as they do not require a majority of the votes. To be elected to the legislature in the PR system, a candidate must have “at least 3% of the party vote across the province” (Ontario Citizens' Assembly 3). In contrast to the SMP system, the PR system better represents the views of the citizens, supports a stable and effective government, and is a simple yet practical voting system. It successfully caters to the needs of the voters, unlike the traditional system.
The city’s budget crisis was not a surprise, the City Manager had forecasted the shortfall and brought it to the attention of the city council. Based on the organizational structure, the City Manager clearly had more knowledge and information about the city’s budget, which was his source of power. However, the city council actually controls the resources (money in this case) and how and where to distribute the resource. Both, the City Manager and city council possess authority and power that neither want to relinquish; as a result, the employees suffered. Smithville city leaders needed to come together at the onset of the budget crisis and work together in a direct democratic fashion. When leaders come together and synthesize facts and resources, organizational members can increase the power they exert within an organization (Morgan, 2006). The budget crisis could potentially have been avoided had city leaders made an appeal to the public, explained the situation and offered a reasonable solution to the problem. Moreover, the transparency would have relieved some tension between the City Manager, city council, and the three labor unions. Because the city was not transparent and forthcoming with union leaders, the city negotiators enter the negotiation process giving members false hope of receiving salary and benefit increases when there were none to give. In summary, given the current situation, the City Manager needed to exert his expert power on the budget issue, join alliance with the union leaders, and push the city council to change city charter to implement the sales tax, which would have potentially off-set the budget
This paper will prove how regionalism is a prominent feature of Canadian life, and affects the legislative institutions, especially the Senate, electoral system, and party system as well as the agendas of the political parties the most. This paper will examine the influence of regionalism on Canada’s legislative institutions and agendas of political part...
Many people feel that this system is outdated, unfair and/or biased; that it should be replaced with the popular voting system. Unfortunately it is not as simple as...
As stated in the book Texas Politics: Ideal and reality, the two most important and main type of municipal government would be council-manager form and the mayor-council form. San Antonio and Dallas are two of the largest cities in the country. It is not uncommon across the country for cities to switch from council-manager government to mayor-council government once they near or exceed one-half-million people in size. In Texas, Dallas has struggled bitterly with the issue of possible change. Any large city should adopt a new municipal charter calling for a strong mayor-council form, because It needs a strong chief executive as leaders, someone elected to provide political and policy direction for the city. A large city that has council-manager government should keep its present
a whole, must push for a change in the government election process to where the elites do
The power distance in Singapore is 74 where in Canada it is 39, power distance shows the equality of people in society or culture and the distribution of power (Hofstede Centre, 2016). In Singapore, the distribution of power is not equal everyone is not treated same but in Canada the power is mostly distributed equally. Another metrics in the model is individualism vs collectivism, from the graph above we can see the Singapore is more in collectivism whereas Canada is more in individualism (Hofstede Centre, 2016). Uncertainty avoidance affects a human behavior or a culture in large hugely. In uncertainty avoidance Singapore’s score is 8. In Singapore people abide too many rules not because they have need for structure but because of high Power distance (Hofstede Centre, 2016).
India is one of the countries that this report will cover. Power distance is rather high in India this is evident when observing the rather extreme levels of inequality amongst individuals. It is also apparent in the work place, managers expect their team members to be obedient. Employees also count on being clearly directed when it comes to their tasks and what is expected out of them. Top down communication is employed and negative feedback rarely moves up the ladder. In this society there is no need for justification of an individuals position in the social hierarchy. (Cultural tools, n.d.)
The first national culture dimension to be identified is the measurement of power distance. This can be defined as the degree of inequality among people built upon what the population of that country accepts as normal. In countries with high power distance like China, individuals are more likely to accept differences in authority or inequality. Management are inclined to be dictatorial, making autocratic and paternalistic decisions, with their subordinates remaining faithful and obedient to them at all times. Often these societies or institutions possess business structures that are typified by close control over all operations. Organisation structures tend to be tall hierarchies with numerous levels within a formal setting. One of the reasons that can be identified for the acceptance of this type of authority in China is derived from thousands of years of political centralisation, which tends to result in a tradition of obedience.
2. Voting fails to correspond to rational models – biases and strategic voting In the line of economic rationality, political analysis has tried to apply the market’s economic model to election processes. It soon became obvious that we are far from the ideal of rational voters: according to the rational choice theory, if people voted for who they wanted most, utility would be maximised1. But we humans push that rationality to a whole other level and try anticipating others’ behavior using what we call strategic voting.
Formerly residing in Baguio City and currently residing in Chesapeake, Virginia, I grew up seeing and voting some of the same politicians seeking office for two or more terms with some doing their best to make Baguio City the finest place in the Philippines, while the others have little significant contributions in running the city government and its populace. However, times have changed and younger politicians are becoming more interested in the political arena. Indeed, there is a need to balance the political equation in the local election in the City of Baguio with new, vibrant, and intelligent young politicians who are equipped with the spirit of public service, integrity, courage and commitment. Based on the recent news report in your newspaper there are over 50 aspiring candidates in different positions for the City of Baguio.
There has to be order and support in the governing system. Every person that makes up a community should have a job. Everyone should work together and enjoy working together. cooperation in a community is key. When everyone works together parts work smoothly. You need people willing to get out there, and communication is where that begins.