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Short notes on Shakespeare's historical plays
The theme of revenge in William Shakespeare's
Notes on shakespeare drama
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Revenge has been a dreadful human trait for all of eternity, even throughout the Bible. In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, both the characters of Fortinbras and Hamlet are similar in the ideal of seeking revenge, but contrast on how they individually handle revenge. Fortinbras’ willingness to go to the ends of the Earth for the revenge of his father’s death is an enormous difference than Hamlet’s indecisiveness to act upon the murder of his father. These two characters are similar in their situations, but contrast with the way they handle the situations they are placed in.
Although many differences separate the two characters, both are similar in the fact that they lost their fathers to untimely deaths. Fortinbras’ father was killed by
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Hamlet’s father, King Hamlet, shown in lines 83-86 when Horatio said, “…in which our valiant Hamlet (For so this side of our known world esteemed him) Did slay this Fortinbras…” This dialogue shows us that King Hamlet did indeed kill the father of Fortinbras. Later on in the play, King Hamlet was killed by his own brother, Hamlet’s uncle Claudius. Hamlet and Fortinbras both vow to revenge the deaths of their fathers. However, how they go about doing this is the direct opposite of one another. Hamlet, after being informed that his father’s death was a murder carried out by his uncle, waits and attempts to confirm that what he knows is the actual truth before he even tries to take revenge on Claudius, shown in line 90 when Hamlet says “The play’s the thing wherein I’ll catch the conscience of the King.” This line shows readers how he feels he must study the King’s conscience before acting in revenge. Even when Hamlet is sure that Claudius is the murderer of his father, he still hesitates to act in revenge towards him. Fortinbras, however, has been seeking revenge and taking action from the second of his father’s death. Further along, Fortinbras is getting ready for his revenge on Denmark for the death of his father.
This shows how Fortinbras is ready to act upon the revenge for his father’s death, rather than waiting around for the right moment like Hamlet. Fortinbras is willing to lead an army out to Denmark to revenge upon his fathers death, showing his true desire and passion. The differences between Hamlet’s and Fortinbras’ are shown in depth in Hamlet’s soliloquy. Hamlet is angry that he has wasted so much time when he says, “How all occasions do inform against me, and spur my dull revenge! (32-35). Hamlet thinks about how time is slowly turning against him, all because of his indecision. He realizes that he has not been taking the action necessary to carry out revenge.
Hamlet himself even realizes the vast difference between himself and Fortinbras when he goes on to say, “Witness this army of such mass and charge led by a delicate and tender prince, whose spirit with divine ambition makes mouths at the invisible event…” (47-50). In this quote, Hamlet is sharing his thoughts on the driven Fortinbras, almost wishing he could be like him. Unlike Hamlet, Fortinbras has drive and passion behind his quest for revenge. This, in itself, is a great contrast to Hamlet’s
character. The characters of Hamlet and Fortinbras are very similar in their situations. However, the way they handle their situations is what sets these characters apart. Fortinbras is an important foil character to Hamlet in this play because his desire for revenge pushes Hamlet to seek for revenge and nothing more. Without Fortinbras in this play, Hamlet may have never taken the action of revenge on Claudius. Overall, the differences between these two characters in the beginning are not the same as the differences in the end; this because Fortinbras’ intense desire of revenge impacted the mind of Hamlet and his view of revenge.
In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the character of Fortinbras, has been used as a foil for the main character, Hamlet. Hamlet and Fortinbras have lost their fathers to untimely deaths. Claudius killed Hamlet's father, King Hamlet, and King Hamlet killed Fortinbras' father. Both Hamlet and Fortinbras have vowed to seek revenge for the deaths of their fathers. Since the revenge tactics of Hamlet and Fortinbras are completely different, Hamlet perceives the actions of Fortinbras as better than his own and the actions of Fortinbras, then, encourage Hamlet to act without hesitating.
Moreover, Fortinbras is about to conquer a small piece of land without hesitation in order to honor his father. Consequently, his purpose is to characterize the bloody deeds that Hamlet cannot descend to. Hamlet praises Fortinbras, “Exposing what is mortal and unsure / To all that fortune, death, and danger dare, / Even for an eggshell” (4.4.53-5). Therefore, Shakespeare allows the audience to see how Hamlet admires a man who can act on an action that is much smaller than Hamlet’s cause of action. That is, hamlet is conflicted, and he proclaims, “My thoughts be bloody or be nothing worth!”
He is well respected and a man of honor. What solidifies Fortinbras' position of an authority figure and man of leadership is in the last scene of Hamlet, as he takes his seat as King, he notices the character Hamlet on the floor dead. What is expected is that he would make a mockery of Hamlet, being the son of the man who murdered his father and forever ruined his life, but instead, he does what is most noble in the heart, and states, "Bear Hamlet like a soldier to the stage , for he was likely , had he been put on, to have proved most royal; and for his passage, the soldier music and right of war, Speak loudly for him." (Act V Sc. II) In his closing statement, Fortinbras shows his grace and well-roundedness by honoring Hamlet, and understanding that he too went through what Fortinbras himself had to go through his entire adult life, living without his father.
The relation between these two characters is a lot like the juxtaposition with Hamlet and Laertes. Just like Hamlet and Laertes, Fortinbras’ father, King Fortinbras, was also killed but the way he died was in a battle with King Hamlet. Hamlet and Fortinbras’ circumstances are almost identical. Their fathers were both murdered, both their uncles are on the throne and they are both princes of their countries. Revenge is the motive for both of these princes because of their dead fathers, but the way and the reason they seek it is extremely different. Hamlet wants revenge because the ghost of his father told him to and Fortinbras wants revenge to reclaim the land that his father lost when he died. Fortinbras is more focused on the honour of his country, Norway, but all Hamlet cares about is killing his fathers murderer. Hamlet’s morals slow down the process of his revenge whereas Fortinbras’ firm attitude makes him act faster. Hamlet later develops some jealously towards Fortinbras, he says, “Rightly to be great/Is not to stir without great argument/But greatly to find quarrel in a straw/When honor’s at the stake” (Shakespeare 4.4.53-56). Hamlet is saying that if Fortinbras is taking such quick action for a little bit of land that means nothing then what does that make Hamlet? He says in order for him to be great like Fortinbras he must take violent action. Hamlet and Fortinbras are both equally rebellious
In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the theme of revenge is very palpable as the reader examines the characters of Hamlet himself, as well as Laertes, son of Polonius, and Fortinbras, prince of Norway and son of the late King Fortinbras. Each of these young characters felt the need to avenge the deaths of their fathers who they felt were untimely killed at the bloody hands of their murderers. However, the way each chose to go about this varies greatly and gives insight into their characters and how they progress throughout the play.
... and eventually get what he wants. Fortinbras and Hamlet revenge plans are as different as night and day. While Fortinbras is going on the offense and is leading a group of men to attack Denmark, Hamlet is going on the defence and pretending to be insane.
Hamlet sees that Fortinbras is willing to risk his own life just to avenge his father and his name. After becoming crowned prince after his father’s death, Fortinbras rallies his forces in Norway and marches off to war and rev...
In Hamlet Shakespeare is able to use revenge in an extremely skillful way that gives us such deep insight into the characters. It is an excellent play that truly shows the complexity of humans. You can see in Hamlet how the characters are willing to sacrifice t...
The theme of vengeance is apparent within the tragedy before the tragedy even begins. King Fortinbras is defeated by King Hamlet, leaving Prince Fortinbras orphaned. This naturally brings about bitterness between Prince Fortinbras and King Hamlet. Prince Fortinbras is angry, within reason. His father was just killed, his lands stolen, and now he is the person to whom all of the duty is left. These feelings lead Fortinbras to a state of angered reactions. He prepares an army to march into Poland and Denmark to recover the lands that his father had lost. He takes action, leaving the rest of his life behind, and marching over to get retaliation against the man who killed his father. He sets his mind on what he has to do, and sets off, away from his home, in a strong, purposeful manner. When Fortinbras prepares to march through Denmark, his address to King Claudius is direct, purposeful, and unemotional.
Although each character plots to avenge his father in the play, the motives of Laertes and Fortinbras differ greatly than that of Hamlet. Fortinbras, who schemes to rebuild his father's kingdom, leads thousands of men into battle, attempting to capture a small and worthless piece of Poland. After his uncle warned him against attacking Denmark. The added land will do little to benefit Norway's prosperity, but this campaign may cost "two thousand souls and twenty thousand ducats" (4.4.26) . This shows that pride is a driving factor behind Fortinbras' plan because he is willing to put the lives of his countrymen at risk for a minimal gain. Laertes, on the other hand, is compelled to seek revenge because he loses his father and eventually his sister. The root of Laertes' revenge appears to be the love for his family because he proclaims that he will "be revenged / most throughly for [his] father" (4.5...
Throughout Hamlet, each character’s course of revenge surrounds them with corruption, obsession, and fatality. Shakespeare shows that revenge proves to be extremely problematic. Revenge causes corruption by changing an individual’s persona and nature. Obsession to revenge brings forth difficulties such as destroyed relationships. Finally, revenge can be the foundation to the ultimate sacrifice of fatality. Hamlet goes to show that revenge is never the correct route to follow, and it is always the route with a dead
Revenge has caused the downfall of many a person. Its consuming nature causes one to act recklessly through anger rather than reason. Revenge is an emotion easily rationalized; one turn deserves another. However, this is a very dangerous theory to live by. Throughout Hamlet, revenge is a dominant theme. Fortinbras, Laertes, and Hamlet all seek to avenge the deaths of their fathers. But in so doing, all three rely more on emotion than thought, and take a very big gamble, a gamble which eventually leads to the downfall and death of all but one of them. King Fortinbras was slain by King Hamlet in a sword battle. This entitled King Hamlet to the land that was possessed by Fortinbras because it was written in a seal'd compact. "…our valiant Hamlet-for so this side of our known world esteem'd him-did slay this Fortinbras." Young Fortinbras was enraged by his father’s murder and sought revenge against Denmark. He wanted to reclaim the land that had been lost to Denmark when his father was killed. "…Now sir, young Fortinbras…as it doth well appear unto our state-but to recover of us, by strong hand and terms compulsative, those foresaid lands so by his father lost…" Claudius becomes aware of Fortinbras’ plans, and in an evasive move, sends a message to the new King of Norway, Fortinbras’ uncle.
Revenge is a recurring theme in Hamlet. Although Hamlet wants to avenge his father’s death, he is afraid of what would result from this. In the play Hamlet, Hamlet’s unwillingness to revenge appears throughout the text; Shakespeare exhibits this through Hamlet’s realization that revenge is not the right option, Hamlet‘s realization that revenge is the same as the crime which was already committed, and his understanding that to revenge is to become a “beast” and to not revenge is as well (Kastan 1).
...revenge will come (Act IV, VII, 25). This act of murder reflects upon the society through the vengeful advance of Fortinbras and his army upon Denmark in pursuit of reclaiming his fathers land. This dual understanding gives the play an additional element of excitement and intensifies the overall meaning and depth of the play through the relation to political elements of the surrounding society. The technique of dual understanding creates depth within Hamlet and influences the reader to examine the deeper meaning of the overall play.
Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s most well-known tragedies. At first glance, it holds all of the common occurrences in a revenge tragedy which include plotting, ghosts, and madness, but its complexity as a story far transcends its functionality as a revenge tragedy. Revenge tragedies are often closely tied to the real or feigned madness in the play. Hamlet is such a complex revenge tragedy because there truly is a question about the sanity of the main character Prince Hamlet. Interestingly enough, this deepens the psychology of his character and affects the way that the revenge tragedy takes place. An evaluation of Hamlet’s actions and words over the course of the play can be determined to see that his ‘outsider’ outlook on society, coupled with his innate tendency to over-think his actions, leads to an unfocused mission of vengeance that brings about not only his own death, but also the unnecessary deaths of nearly all of the other main characters in the revenge tragedy.