disarmament-the reduction or withdrawal of military forces and weapons.
Black Shirts-a member of a fascist organization having a black shirt as a distinctive part of its uniform; especially : a member of the Italian Fascist party.
totalitarian state -a government that subordinates the individual to the state and strictly controls all aspects of life by coercive measures. Synonyms: totalitation regime Type of: authorities, government, regime. the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit.
fascism -an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.
chancellor -a senior state or legal official.
Ruhr Valley- a polycentric urban area in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Brown Shirts -a
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member of an early Nazi militia founded by Hitler in Munich in 1921, with brown uniforms resembling that of Mussolini's Blackshirts. They aided Hitler's rise to power, but were eclipsed by the SS after the “night of the long knives” in June 1934. Third Reich -the Nazi designation of Germany and its regime from 1933-45. Historically, the First Reich was the medieval Holy Roman Empire, which lasted until 1806. The Second Reich included the German Empire from 1871-1918. Checkpoints: Not a checkpoint but read the first paragraph of the Postwar Social Changes. Analyze the first sentence. Why? How did the war and its peace treaties affect the international economy? (hint: focus on the U.S. for the test)Britain and France owed huge amounts to US and depended on payments from Germany to pay loans; Britain deeply in debt with high unemployment and low wages; middle class America enjoyed benefits of capitalism (buying cars, radios and refrigerators) How did the Federal Reserve’s policies affect the Great Depression? (hint: test will ask about important causes. Look at demand and prices.)Federal Reserve raised interest rates. This made people real nervous about the economy. Stock market tanked. How did postwar disillusionment contribute to Mussolini's rise? (hint: What angered the Italians about the Treaty of Versailles?)Italian nationalists were outraged when Italy received just some of the territories by the Allies. Chaos rose, taxes increased, unemployment climber and the government could not stop the crisis. This made it a perfect time for Mussolini to rise and take over. How did the Fascist party transform Italy’s government?He brought the economy under state control but preserved capitalism. His system favored upper class and industry leaders. He suppressed rival parties, rigged elections and replaced elected officials with Fascists. Describe the similarities between fascism and communism?
(hint: Who did Mussolini favor, peasants or factory owners? Also, what was the appeal of fascism to the people of Italy?)We usually use the term fascism to describe any underlying ideology of any centralized, authoritarian government system that is not communist. It is rooted in extreme nationalism. Fascists believe in violence, discipline, and blind loyalty to the state. They praise warfare and are anti-democratic.
What political and economic problems did the Weimar Republic face?The Weimar Republic faced political problems. Their moderate socialist leaders faced criticism from both radicals who wanted changes like Lenin did in Russia and conservatives who thought the government was too liberal and weak. They wanted a strong leader like Bismarck. Many blamed Weimar for Versailles treaty. Economically Germany was in bad shape because of the Reparation Payments. Inflation spiralled out of control and The German mark became almost worthless.
Describe the Nazi party’s ideology and Hitler’s plans for ruling Germany? (hint: Focus on Mein Kampf)Based on pride in Germany's past, revenge for the Treaty of Versailles, create jobs, and bring Germany back to
greatness. Why did authoritarian rise in Eastern Europe after World War 1? Authoritarian states rose in Eastern Europe because they were small new countries without capitol t develop industry. Haves and Have-nots and most did not have experience with democracy.
Totalitarianism can be defined in the Merriam-Webster dictionary as the centralized control by an autocratic authority. The leaders of these societies are obsessed with complete control and will take whatever steps are necessary to reach such a goal. In many totalitarian societies, children are separated from their families. This is enforced on the citizens because rulers want them to be loyal to the government. Such living arrangements can be portrayed in Ayn Rand’s novel, Anthem.
Fascism is one of the great political ideology in the 20th century. It is a kind of authoritarian government that, according to Wikipedia, “considers the individual subordinate to the interests of the state, party or society as a whole.” Two of the most successful and to be in the vanguard of fascism government is Italian fascism – led by Benito Mussolini, and Nazi Germany – led by Adolf Hitler. Fascism in Italy and Germany, though in many regards very similar - have the same political ideologies, still have many aspects to them that make them different from each other.
Sheldon Richman, an author for The Concise Encyclopedias of Economics refers to fascism as “socialism with a capitalist veneer.” He continues
The definition of communism is “ a system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy and a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.” The definition of fascism is “A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism.” Communism and Fascism are both forms of Totalitarianism, which is when the ruler has complete power over everyone. There is a fine line between the differences of Communism and Fascism, however these next three articles prove that there is a line and there is no gray space. People are either one side or the other, there is no in between, the goals and secular leading may be the same but the inner workings differ by a lot, Krupskaya, Mussolini, and Hitler explain the differences in their following articles.
Fascism is defined as, “an authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.” Peter Hyland reports that throughout the 1920s and the 1930s, an economic depression was growing and becoming widespread throughout the world. People were losing faith in their democracies and in capitalism. Leaders who gained power supported powerful militarism, nationalism, and initiated the return of an authoritarian rule. J.R. Oppenheimer says that the rise of fascism and totalitarianism in Europe and Russia instigated a “critical step on the path to war.” In 1922, Benito Mussolini held leadership in Italy, promising a proficient and militaristic nationalistic state. During his control as prime minister, he gained a large group of followers, banned the disparagement of government, and used extreme violence against his enemies within the parliament.
The Weimar republic was very weak, as it had no real support from the majority of the people. No party ever had a majority so everything took along time under coalition governments who found it hard to agree. The government had survived the crisis in 1923-24 but still looked weak. In Germany the general feeling was that a return to a
Fascism DBQ Imagine the feeling of someone breathing down your neck, always watching and controlling you like a puppet. People who lived in fascist governments didn't have to imagine it. Fascism goes back as far as 1922 with Benito Mussolini and Italy. Fascism is a totalitarian form of government in which its ideology is for the nation and the rights of the individual don't matter. Fascist leaders wanted to give the people the perception that they were the next coming of God and that whatever they say is right no matter what.
In 1929, Germany was in a very poor state economically. The stock market crash and depression in the United States had spread world wide, and Germany felt a large portion of the blow. The debts from World War I had begun the economic crisis, but the depression only added to the problem. At that point in time, Germany was plagued with high inflation, and the value of the German mar was on the decline. Bread lines formed because of the food shortage leaving many people to go hungry.
It supports a totalitarian single-party state. Unlike Marxism, Fascism does not believe that class conflict can bring about a change, instead fascism believes that class conflict can hurt the integrity of a country. Fascism emerged in Italy in the 20th century to stop the rapidly growing workers movement which was pushing up wages and threatening revolution. Led by Mussolini they were funded by various wealthy big businesses (the rich minority) in order to smash picket lines and attack left-wing
The German Weimar Republic was an attempt to make Germany a more democratic state. While this was a very good idea in theory, the Weimar Republic was ineffective due to the instability that came with it. Several factors contributed to the instability of Germany’s Weimar Republic, such as the new political ideals brought forward and the government’s hunger for war.
Hyperinflation soon occurred, which put the economy in a weak position and further contributed to the downfall of the Weimar Republic. Many resented the government because of its agreement to the Treaty of Versailles and lack of resistance.... ... middle of paper ... ...
...of violence, race, and hatred. It is important to note that fascism does however have beneficial effects for the people and the nation. When fascism is applied to a state, the economy in effect becomes stable and everyone becomes prosperous. Fascism encourages self-sufficiency which in turn makes the state more powerful. Humankind cannot serve peacefully under a liberal state; they have to be controlled by an all-powerful system of government, such as fascism. As a fascist leader, Mussolini supports this and believed that it was against human nature for a person to believe in the ideals of liberalism and freedom. No liberal state can provide its citizens with what a fascist state could not. A fascist country catered to provide for both citizens and the government; stability, prosperity and self-sufficiency are only a few of the fundamental values in a fascist society.
In modern history, there have been some governments, which have successfully, and others unsuccessfully carried out a totalitarian state. A totalitarian state is one in which a single ideology is existent and addresses all aspects of life and outlines means to attain the final goal, government is ran by a single mass party through which the people are mobilized to muster energy and support. In a totalitarian state, the party leadership maintains monopoly control over the governmental system, which includes the police, military,
But was it doomed from it's beginning? One of the main fields where problems arose was the legacy of World War 1. Germany's unexpected defeat was blamed on the "November Criminals" and made people suspicious of the new government. The Treaty of Versailles associated the government with Germany's acceptance of this national humiliation. The soldiers returning back from the front line were bitter at the republic and many joined right wing paramilitary groups, such as the Freikorps.
Benito Mussolini created a group of fascists to represent a means to stop the socialists and the communists coming into his nation. Mussolini also wanted to eliminate conflict between employers and workers, by using the corporate state. All were to work for the common good, and trade unions or strikes were forbidden. Every profession had its own corporate branch, and all problems were to be solved through negotiation. This may seem very democratic or reasonable, however the fascist state controlled the issues of the negotiating sides, wages were very low and so were the living standards.