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Mental illness and oppression in literature
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In the novels, The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger, and Ordinary People by Judith Guest, both Holden Caulfield and Conrad Jarrett experience internal anxiety. Both Holden and Conrad are about the same age and have problems within and outside the school walls. Their behavior problems originate because both Holden and Conrad have been traumatized by the loss of their brothers. The two experienced an abundant amount of stress within school grounds and outside of them, but had no one to express their feelings to. Although being from intact families who were well above average financially, the two struggled with communicating to their parents. Throughout the story we realize that getting over the loss of a loved one can be extremely difficult …show more content…
as well as traumatizing. As the story progresses we see that feeling rejected by your family, or having suicidal thoughts can be destructive to the development of a teenager. This is shown through Conrad Jarrett and Holden Caulfield through the need for communication, the search for self identity, and the need of control thus healing them. Holden and Conrad are both going through a very difficult time by experiencing the loss of a brother. After the death of their brothers, the two kept their emotions to themselves, never expressing their emotions. This was due to feeling inferior to their siblings, and feeling as if they weren’t cared for. Holden struggles with family and the expectations they have for him. He struggles in school, and is constantly transferred to other schools because his parents want him to go to a prestigious school. Holden is tired of being transferred from school to school because that's what's expected of him. Holden seeks escape, but unfortunately for him many of his plans do not work. His lack of communication with not only family, but with normal people is seen with his high temper. Holden’s temper is shown when he fights Stradlater for talking to the girl he likes. Holden only sees ugly in the world, attempting to protect the innocents of the children around him. It is easy to see that Holden struggles with his emotions and instead of expressing his feelings, he expresses anger. Just like Holden, Conrad, doesn’t have a good relationship with his parents. Conrad is traumatized by the death of his brother, who seems to blame himself for all the negative things happening in his family. Instead of expressing his emotions to his parents, he decides to keep the emotions within himself. This causes a buildup of stress and depression, which leads to Conrad to slitting his wrists. Both Holden and Conrad struggle with communication, and communication is essentially the most important thing when dealing with a loved one's death. In The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield runs away from his parents to avoid the expectations they have set upon him.
Holden searches for his self identity on this journey and the author, Salinger, does a great job in portraying Holden's search for individualism.Throughout the course of the story Holden strolls the streets on his own in searches for his identity. Unfortunately, Holden's mental state isn’t up to par; he begins asking and doing things that he wouldn’t necessarily do if he was mentally stable. He turns into a pathological liar,also developing a habit of drinking alcohol. Holden struggles with the transition into adulthood, wanting to protect the innocence of all the children in the world. At one point in the story, Holden is standing at the edge of a cliff; this is truly showing his search for himself. He struggles with getting past events, not knowing what to do with himself. Conrad, a character much like Holden, also struggles with the concept of self-identity. Conrad is a teen who struggles with the loss of his brother, as well as his self-identity. Conrad is a suicidal teen who just like Holden struggles with the transition between childhood and adulthood. Conrad feels like he is to blame for the loss of his brother, feeling as if he has no control. Fortunately, for Conrad his mental state gradually improves when his father recommends he see a doctor. After continuous visits Conrad begins to feel better, realizing that he can not blame himself for the death of his brother. His self-concept of himself improves thus he begins to feel
better. Both Holden and Conrad struggle with the healing process of their brother's death, but Conrad seems to make more progress. Conrad's self-image improves when he begins to see a doctor and his healing begins. When Conrad takes the steps to seeing a doctor this is the biggest step in his healing process. Conrad knows that he is in a bad mental state before seeing a doctor, and realizes that he needs help. The first thing that makes Conrad more respectable than Holden is, that he allows others to change his life for the better, also listening to advice. Holden, however, struggles to heal because he is always pushing away help. He is engulfed in his own thoughts, which takes a dramatic toll on him. He struggles to heal, and never truly is able to make the transition from childhood to adulthood. All in all, both Holden and Conrad struggle with more than the loss of their brothers. Holden is unable to make any drastic improvements and continues to struggle with himself-concept. He is unable to get past the death of his brother, which takes a negative effect on the rest of his life. Unlike Conrad, who is able to make positive improvements when he begins seeking help from a doctor. Conrad's self-concept improves and he begins making new friends, realizing that his brothers death isn’t entirely his fault. Although both Holden and Conrad go through very similar obstacles in their lives, Conrad, is able to make better improvements.
In J.D. Salinger’s novel The Catcher in The Rye Salinger writes about the main character Holden Caulfield and his life. Holden is a teenager who comes from a wealthy family, he loves his family and lives very happy until the death of his brother Allie. After his brother died Holden becomes troubled, being kicked out of school again and again developing a negative view of the world. Holden throughout the book shows anger,denial, and acceptance over the loss of his brother.
Throughout the history of literature, a great deal of authors has tried to reveal a clear understanding of the American Dream. Whether it is possible to achieve lies all in the character the author portrays. The Great Gatsby and The Catcher in the Rye stand as prime examples of this. F. Scott Fitzgerald and J.D. Salinger, the authors of these titles, respectively, fashion flawed characters, Jay Gatsby and Holden Caulfield, with one vital desire: the longing to gain what they can’t have; acceptance and the feeling of belonging. Each retaining characteristics that shows their differences and similarities in opinion of the world around them.
Holden also has a negative perspective of life that makes things seem worse than they really are. In addition to Holden’s problems he is unable to accept the death of his brother at a young age. Holden’s immaturity, negative mentality, and inability to face reality hold him back from moving into adulthood. Holden’s immaturity causes him many problems throughout the story. Although he is physically mature, he acts more like a child.
Holden feels as if he is stuck in his 13 year old self. Although he is aging he isn’t necessarily maturing the way his classmates and other people are around him. This is due to the fact that he never received closure when Allie died. When he starts picturing his own funeral because he might get pneumonia and die, he remembers D.B. telling him about his brother's funeral. He stated, “I wasn’t there. I was still in the hospital. I had to go to the hospital and all after I hurt my hand” (Salinger 171). Since he never attended the funeral he never got to say his final goodbyes to the one person he truly loved. Holden feels as if he can’t connect with anyone else in the world like he did with Allie. If he did then he would most likely push them away, so he wouldn’t have to experience the trauma of loss again, because it greatly impacted his life the first time. The trauma Holden experienced when he was younger resulted in him not being able to form stronger relationships with people which made him more depressed and
Events in Holden's life lead him to become depressed. Holden's depression centers on Allie. The manner that Holden sees himself and how he sees others leads him to be expelled from school. The speaker expresses, "One thing about packing depressed me a little," (51). Holden expresses these feelings when he packs his bags after being notified that he is expelled. Holden leaves school and heads for New York City, where he finds himself to be more lonely and depressed than ever. He is all alone and he laments, " What I really felt like doing was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out of the window," (104). Holden says this while he is all alone in his motel room. He is too ashamed of himself to return home, he knows that his mother will be upset and his father will be angry with him. He also adds that " I wasn’t feeling sleepy or anything, but I was feeling sort of lousy. Depressed and all, I almost wished I was dead," (90). Holden states this during one of the first nights that he is staying in New York. Holden expresses many thoughts of depression.
Holden’s childhood was far from ideal, with Allie dying, his dysfunctional parents and the revelation that he had some “perverty” stuff happen to him when he was a kid. Due to this, he isn't ready to step into adulthood and leave his childhood behind. This is why Holden is mostly alienated from adults and connects more to the innocence of children like the girl at the park and his sister, Phoebe. However, Holden is disillusioned with both adulthood and childhood. He already knows how it feels to be an adult; drinking alcohol, being independent, living by himself and caring for Phoebe, but isn’t ready to immerse himself in it.
In Catcher in the Rye, Holden loses his brother Allie at a young age just like Conrad. He cannot find a meaning in life afterwards. School and friends don’t matter to him anymore and he wanders through the city of New York searching for some kind of answer. In both books the characters are teenagers and still full of youth. Conrad is on the swim team and participates in activities while Holden is great at English and is a keen observer of life. After their brothers’ death they realize that they are not the same people anymore and that they have to start all over. They are struggling just to make it through the day and to find motivation to keep going. Conrad lays in bed in the morning thinking of a reason to get up, he tries to come up with a guiding principle to help him get through the day. He says to himself, “It’s all right to feel anxious. Allow yourself a couple of bad days now and then. (1)”
Holden is the main character of the book. He is a complicated boy how seems to get thrown out of boarding schools left and right. He is constantly thinking about depressive thoughts of his past, like times he was with his brother, who is dead. His thoughts of his brother bring serious rage for some reason. In one instance he tells about the day after his brothers death, and Holden was filled with such anger and loneliness, he punched through all the glass doors in his garage. This required him to go to the hospital, and unfortunately his stay at the hospital forced him to miss his brothers funeral. He also keeps thinking about his old girl friend Jane. Holden is reminded of past times with her, where her father upset her, and Holden was the only one there to console her. So with that in mind, he thinks he still may have a place with her, and Holden believes that all his happiness will rest with her. Holden is just a guy who is searching for something to get him out of his depression, but he has no idea what it is, and above all how to get it.
Since Holden relies on his isolation to sustain his detachment from the world and to keep intact a level of self-protection, he frequently sabotages his own efforts to end his seclusion. When Mr. Spencer explains that “life is a game that one plays according to rules” Holden reveals that he feels imprisoned on the “other side of life” where there are no “hot-shots”. Here, Mr. Spencer is lecturing Holden on his failed attempts at schooling and illuminating key aspects of Holden’s character. After hearing this advice from Mr. Spencer, Holden immediately goes on the defensive and internalizes his thoughts of not belonging in this world. This event shows Holden’s failed attempts at trying to find his way in this “phony” world that he feels is against him and leaves him feeling alone and victimized.
Holden goes through this continuous road of feeling like a failure, disappointing those he loves like Phoebe, and acting like a child instead of taking charge of his life, but it is time to stop. Depression is a major concern today and takes a harsh toll on everyone, not only the person who is diagnosed with it, but also their family. It is not always obvious when someone is depressed. Everyone handles depression differently in their own way, but depression is a medical problem which should be handled professionally. Unfortunately, Holden let his depression escalate out of proportion, leading him to live a life full of emptiness, guilt, and compulsive lying and this is his way of dealing with his problem.
Holden Caulfield can be analyzed through his thoughts, actions and circumstances which surround his everyday life. Holden acts like a careless teenager. Holden has been to several prep-schools, all of which he got kicked out of for failing classes. After being kicked out of the latest, Pency Prep, he went off to New York on his own. Holden seems to have a motivation problem which apparently affects his reasoning. The basis of his reasoning comes from his thoughts. Holden thinks the world is full of a bunch of phonies. All his toughs about people he meets are negative. The only good thoughts he has are about his sister Phoebe and his dead brother Alley. Holden, perhaps, wishes that everyone, including himself, should be like his brother and sister. That is to be intelligent, real and loving. Holden’s problem is with his heart. It was broken when his brother died. Now Holden goes around the world as his fake self, wearing his mask. Holden is looking for love, peace and understanding. He is scared to love because he is afraid he might lose it like he did with his brother. That is the reason for Holden's love of the museum, he feels safe because it never changes it always stays the same. Holden is troubled with the pain of death, it effects every aspect of his life causing him to not care about the future, himself or anyone, except Phoebe and Alley.
Holden is intelligent and sensitive, but his thoughts and feelings are full of cynicism and negativity. He sounds bored and tired with almost everybody and everything. Holden constantly focuses on the hypocrisy and social rules of the world around him, and judges them to be oppressive and phony. Holden uses his cynicism and negativity to distance himself from almost everyone. However, Holden has good memories and thoughts about his younger sister, Phoebe, and of his younger brother Allie, who died a couple of years ago.
The negative light that Holden views the world under is a key contribution to his unhappiness. He is unable to see even a glint of sincerity in people’s actions which allows him to experience feelings of severe despondency and dejection. “People never give your message to anybody,” (pg. 166) shows how Holden no longer feels let down by people but instead expects the worst from them instead. He struggles to find genuinity in people’s actions, and in turn feels “lousy and depressed,” by nearly everything. Holden is constantly seen bringing down the adult world. It is shown he has an inner conflict between his adult and child self, leading him to feeling lost and without a place. He is disgusted by the adult world describing it as a place filled with “phonies” but, views adolescence as a source of happiness. He shows a direct fear of change by stating, “The best thing...was that everything always stayed right where it was.” (pg. 135). As Holden is being pushed out of his childhood and into an area where he feels out of place, it is only inevitable that this would be a source of his depression. Both of these internal conflicts add to Holden Caulfield’s
that he is trying to hide his true identity. He does not want people to know who he really is or that he was kicked out of his fourth school. Holden is always using fake names and tries speaking in a tone to persuade someone to think a cretin way. He does this when he talks to women. While he is talking to the psychiatrist he explains peoples reactions to his lies like they really believe him, when it is very possible that he is a horrible liar and they are looking at him with a “what are you talking a bout?” expression. Holden often lies to the point where he is lying to him self.
Holden doesn’t like the complexity of life and relationships. This is why he distances himself from his family and friends. After Holden is expelled from his school, he tries to stay away from his parents for fear of their reaction, even though learning of his expulsion is inevitable. He visits his sister Phoebe in their home multiple times throughout the novel because due to her young age, his sister and his relationship is simple. "For instance, within Holden, the desire to reject others conflicts with the desire to be accepted by others: he doesn't want to lend Stradlater his coat, but his overt actions belie this covert, warring want: he despises Ackley, but he invites him to see a movie; he hates movies, believing them to foster phoniness in society” (Mitchell). Holden struggles to “catch” others because he believes he is not accepted by others.