An analysis of Sima Qian on Qin Shihuang document Sima Qian (145-86 B.C.E.) author of the Document on Qin Shi Huang, the son Sima Tan, the Grand Historian of China. Sima Qian continued the work of his father as was the and is considered one of the great history writers of China. He was employed by the emperor, Qin Shihuang. Sima Qian wrote Shi Ji which is considered one of the more realistic historical records of the Qin Dynasty and Qin Shihuang.
Qin Shihuang was born in 259 BC. He was the son of the King of the Qin state. Shihuang became king at the age of 13 when his father died. He was born ehao Cheng, but changed his name when he became emperor. Once emperor, over the vast empire of China, Qin Shi huang wanted to make everything to be as one. He took steps to ensure this would happen. He did so by unifying China, enforcing Legalism, wherein government was in control, and standardizing weighs, measures, writing and currency. Sima Qian's biography of Shihuang, The Document, gives
…show more content…
In 221 Emperor Qin unified China. He established himself as the 1st emperor of the dynasty... "In his twenty-sixth year the land was unified, all obeyed his rule." When he named himself the first emperor, he also proclaimed China would no longer have kings, but emperors. China was a warring state. In order to protect the northern territory, he sent millions of people to their death by making them build the Great Wall of China.
Secondly, another of his achievements was the standardization of weights and measures, writing, and currency. Because Qin wanted everyone to be able to read, follow, and obey his laws, he standardized writing, thereby allowing for easier communication all across China. Additionally, by standardizing weights and measures and having one currency, trade and commerce became easier. "Tools and measures are made uniform, the written script is
Shi Huangdi was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty who united China while it was experiencing civil war, also known as the Period of the Warring States. Through his Legalist ideas and integrity, Shi Huangdi was able to maintain political and social order by means of a centralized government. In under eleven years, he constructed the famous
The founder of the Qin dynasty was Qin Shi Huangdi, a title meaning “First Emperor.” He was a brutal ruler, but he brought about many changes. However, in addition to all the new, some old ideas were continued from the Zhou, such as the emphasis on the wheat and rice staple foods, and the philosophies, Confucianism and Daoism. The old continuities tended to have been deeply embraced by China, and, just as the Zhou did, the Qin would create some ideas that lasted, and some that did not. Qin Shi Huangdi enforced a tough autocratic rule and, as a result, opposed formal culture that could make people counter his rule. This meant that he burned many books and attacked Confucian ideas in order to keep the people from generating rebellious ideas. When the Qin dynasty fell, so too did the opposition towards education, because it took away from the civilization culturally. Despite the fact that the Qin dynasty was very short and had little time to fully develop its systems and ideas, it did pump out a vast quantity of new and lasting concepts, such as the Great Wall and a central government. One of the biggest contenders for the most well-known feature of the Qin dynasty is the Great Wall. This architectural masterpiece extends over 3,000 miles, and was mainly a
Shi Huangdi, now able to unite the warring states, explored ways to establish a stable, and long lasting dynasty. The improvements he made to a now unified China, changed the way the world looked at the country. During 221 BC, China went through a time called the Warring States Period. Emperor Shi Huangdi rose to power during this time and defeated his enemies and consolidated rule in China. Emperor Shi Huangdi was the first person to unify China in all of history.
The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were two grand empires that rose out of preexisting territories and provided relative peace over wide areas. The collapse of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), which was the first great land-based empire in East Asia, came after a period of war, confusion, and tyrannical rule. Due to the political disorder that stemmed from the early dynastic activity, the emergence of the Han Dynasty (206 BCE- 228 CE) sprung to focus on restoring order. On the other hand, the rise of the Roman Empire (44 BCE- 476 CE) originated from consolidating authority over aristocratic landlords and overriding the democratic elements of the earlier Republic. Instead, the Roman Empire redefined the concept of “citizen” as subjects to the Roman emperor. Both empires shared similar agendas to exploit their vast territories and resources, which helped them expand their political dominance; however, despite having similar political goals and foundations, their government system, cultural ideologies and imperial expansionist natures diverged.
From 1700 to roughly 220 BCE (before the Common Era), the region currently known as China was divided into six states: Qin, Wei, Zhao, Qi, Yan and Zhongshan, each ruled by different kings. These inter-warring states were already familiar with wall building techniques, each having constructed extensive fortifications to defend their own borders. When Shih Huangdi, the young king of the ancient Chinese state of Qin (also spelled Ch’in, from which the word China derives), conquered each of the remaining five states in 221 BCE, the continuous warring finally came to an end. By conquering these states, Shih Huangdi established the Qin Dynasty, thus creating the first unification of China, and the first Chinese central government. In his efforts to make this new concept of centralized rule “stick”, as well as prevent the reemergence of feudal lords, Shih Huangdi ordered the destruction of the wall sections that divided his empire along the forme...
History writing has evolved much over time with the contributions of many people. In the modern sense, it can be traced back to ancient Greece and China, where historians Herodotus and Sima Qian began keeping records of human existence. Although they were not literally the first people to write history, together they are named the first great historians of the Western world and the East because of their individual innovations and extensive work that has long affected history writing up until this day. There is much to debate when it comes to the greatness of these ancient historians, and although some believe they were both important and successful in what their works, The Histories and The Records of a Historian, accomplished, others believe the total opposite. Thomas R. Martin, the author of Herodotus and Sima Qian: The First Great Historians of Greece and China, argues that the two men were indeed vital to the progression of history writing over time. In my opinion, Herodotus and Sima Qian made huge advancements in history writing, and their titles as the first great historians of the Western world and the East are very fitting.
After starting the Chinese Empire, Shihuangdi based the empire on a harsh law system called legalism and was also influenced by Confucianism. Since Shihuangdi was the only ruler of the empire, the government was considered a strong central monarchy. When the Chinese empire had a good start, they expanded their territories to northern Vietnam, Korea, and the northwest steppes. Shihuangdi believed the harsher the empire the more respected, so he invested heavily into a strong military army a...
Qian, Sima. Records of the Grand Historian, Volume 55, House of the Marquis of Liu.
Li Si The "Historical Records," written by Sima Qian, is a historical account which showcases how the corrupted legalist system of the Qin Dynasty led to the loss of the Mandate of Heaven and the fall of the Empire. Qian, who lived during the Han Dynasty, used the example of Li Si, the Chief Minister of the Emperors of the Qin Dynasty, to emphasis the newly accepted Confucian values. It was the shortcomings of Li Si which led to the fall of the Qin Dynasty as well as his own death. However, Qian is careful to note that prior to his downfall, Li Si followed many Confucian values which allowed him to rise up from a commoner to his eventual position as Chief Minister.
In the midst of the Warring States period in China, one man sought to cease the fighting. Chin Shi Huangdi started off as just the king of the State of Qin, but his harsh and bloody actions led to the unification of China. This is just one of the reasons that he has been remembered throughout time. Though Chin Shi Huangdi has long since been dead, many still speculate his peculiar character and great accomplishments such as the Great Wall and China's unification. Because of this his character is thrust into movie and stories, each with a different interpretation of Chin Shi Huangdi. There are four particular works of literature and film that really focus on the Emperor Qin, these are Hero, The First Emperor of China, Kingdom, and Bridge of Birds. Some of these literary and film works are similar in the way they present the emperor, while others are completely separate in their portrayal.
“The fall of the Qin Dynasty was followed by a brief period of civil strife as aspiring successors competed for hegemony.” Out of the strife emerged the Han Dynasty. The Han Dynasty was known as the greatest and most durable in Chinese history. The first ruler of the Han Dynasty was Han Gaozu. The Han Dynasty would later become closely identified with the advance of Chinese civilization.
Between the concept of immortality that the First Emperor had on himself, to the devotion he had toward the army, to the idea of have a united China. Each motivation support each other. However, based on the reasoning of each source, centralization of a united country was the main intention that Qin Shi Huang had. The idea of immortality soon followed to make sure the objective was meant, along with him constantly ruling over the unified dynasty. The military, that he was heavily involved in, influenced the design process. More of how will he be able to be immortalized to keep a centralized
The way the Chinese have conceived of their past, and of themselves, was profoundly shaped by the Shiji. The Shiji, or Historical Records, was a monumental work composed of 130 chapters written during the Han dynasty by Sima Qian. It presented the past from several perspectives: a chronological narrative of political events; topical accounts of key institutions; and biographies of individuals that Qian saw as important. The political narrative began with the Yellow Lord and continued through the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties, down to the Han dynasty and Emperor Wudi of Sima Qian's day. Chronological charts with genealogical data and information on government posts came next, such as the calendar, state ritual, the construction of waterworks, and government finance. Thirty chapters were devoted to the ruling houses of the states of the Zhou period, recounting the reigns of successive rulers. These were supplemented by seventy chapters on other important individuals, including not only great officials and generals, but also people not associated with the government, both the famous and infamous including: philosophers, poets, merchants, magicians, and even rebels. Even non-Han people along the frontiers were described in narrative accounts. The emergence of a unified empire out of the warring States of pre-Qin China, the consolidation of the former Han, and the relations between the empire and the surrounding people groups were major themes in the Shiji. Qian’s records also offer insights through his role as a historian and his attempt to resolve a life changing experience he distinguished in his own life. Equally important, Sima Qian, by writing so well on so much, had a profound impact on Chinese thinking about government, pers...
Shi Huangdi appointed Li Si, an educated legalist philosopher, to help him spread his ideas and overcome the Qin Dynasty goal. The goal was to destroy all history that did not support harsh punishment and law ideas. He felt this was necessary to keep things organized and structured so China would not result into disorderly chaos like it was before during the Period of Warring States. Shi Huangdi felt threatened by the historical records and political philosophies from the Zhou Dynasty. A book named History of the Chinese Emperor written in the 17th century states that the “burning of books and the banishing of unsupportive scholars” was displayed a great deal during Shi Huangdi’s early years of ruling. Anyone that did not agree that the rule of law was the supreme way of life would be banished or executed. Li Si taught Shi Huangdi the basic legalist ideas. He taught him that humans were selfish and the only way to control them was to enforce severe laws. Shi Huangdi was known as a tyrant; he would not loosen his grip on China because, he was afraid of losing power and he thought keeping a strict government would prevent rebellions. Shi Huangdi survived many attempted assassinations when his people did not agree with him. Because he was so strict this helped the people of China see him in such a high place of authority. The