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Changes and continuities of the silk road
Cultural diffusion and globalization
Cultural diffusion and globalization
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Sofia Morales HIS 150_1 Asian History February 3, 2015 The Silk Road: Importance of Cultural Diffusion The Silk Road was known as a “heaven” for merchants and consumers alike. It was a gathering of different civilizations and cultures where people from all over the world can not only share their products but also their ideas and religion. It consisted of both land and sea routes that many caravans and ships had to cross. While the Silk Road originated as a route between the countries for merchants, it later became an international phenomenon, economically and culturally. It became easy to spread such cultural ideas, beliefs, and lifestyles that connected the bridge between the continents of Europe and Asia. Many do not know the story of Chan Chi’en. He …show more content…
As the invention of better ships came about, many people realized that the boats were much more stronger and reliable than by land. Even though the ships had to face bad weather and pirates, it was better to take your chance at sea. Traders by land were often ambushed and robbed while on the road from nomadic tribes and it became difficult to travel the road. While China and Russia maintained a trading relationship with silk and fur, trade and travel had declined so much that no other activity occurred. Internal problems in China also led to the demise of the Silk road. Many of the later Chinese dynasties like the Tang, Ming, and Qing faced corruption, rebellion, and illegitimate rulership. The Ming dynasty, for example, did not help advance the Silk road with its foreign policy. During that time, they did not trust the westerners or any foreign influences which hindered the trade between the east and west. This attitude of Chinese nationalism lasted from the all the way to the Qing dynasty and got better during the Sung dynasty (Wu,
The Silk Road made sure if you didn’t trade items you can hold, then you can trade items you can cherish. Finally, in the western civilizations (Rome), it was accessed by boat. Boats could carry a ton more items and it was less of a walk for the merchants/traders. However, the Silk Road did lead a small backup path up north of Parthia. Around 27 B.C.E., the Roman Empire had only begun, but the silk road had been a thing for a very long time before that.
Francesco Pegolotti was a Florentine merchant and politician. He wrote the The Practice of Commerce in which he expressed the personal qualities he believed that merchants were most needed to survive, which were compliancy and the skill to work with others, and have understanding. Pegolotti’s history was based on the sensitivity to local rules and customs was the key to survival. In this paper it will argue that the personal qualities that was needed to succeed in the Silk Road trade.
The Silk Road was a colossal interconnected networked generated by established trade routes that spanned the whole Eurasian continent as told by religious travelers, historians, and merchants.
Beliefs and religions ebbed and flowed through the Silk Roads that was “an artery that for nearly a thousand years was the primary commercial network linking East Asia and the Mediterranean world. This trade route extended over 5000 miles and took its name from the huge quantities of precious silk that passed along it.” Nomads, monks and traders survived on these open roads selling goods, services, and ideas to other people and traders to pass on. These people were wide and diverse since commerce went in between the “Mediterranean and South Asia reinforced frenetic rise in commercial activity within each region. Over land and across the seas, traders loaded textiles, spices, and precious metals onto the backs of camels and into the hold of oceangoing vessels destined for different markets. Trade thereby strengthened the political, intellectual, and spiritual shift.” Spirituality was an active invention as monks of all major beliefs (mostly Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, and Zoroastrianism) spread the new ideas that were based in new religions and acts of missionary work was greatly encouraged. These groups should have been widely torn apart based on the challenging of each other’s beliefs but nomads had no desire to “undermine local cultural traditions” instead presentations of new cultural “ingredients” kept the peace especially the introduction of equestrianism trading along the road which creating having a horse a status symbol in the eyes of many foreign nations the pride at being from a horse tribe went so far as to despite the temperature it was a status symbol clans like the Kushans showed pride by wearing the clans trade mark clothing despite the climate. The Kushans made had such reverence to horses that became horses were a prestigious status symbol of the ruling elite.
During the classical era, there were shifts worldwide with regards to economic imports and exports. As many societies transformed from hunting-gathering societies into specialization societies, global trade networks expanded. This led to the founding and growth of many complex trade networks, both on land and by sea. Two notable trade networks were the Mediterranean Sea network and the Silk Road. The Mediterranean Sea is in Europe, and the trade network lined the shores of Turkey and North Africa. The Silk Road was trans-Asian. It reached from China to the Eastern Mediterranean. While these networks had multiple similarities in their expansion and spread of religion and ideas, there were many differences. These included the type of materials
The Mongols conquered and then united China. This created peace among the country and led to other great things. One of these great things is the Silk Road. The Silk Road is a long trading route that was created when China was united as they had started
The Mongols influenced the world in many great ways, one of them was their vast trade system. They relied quite heavily on trade, not only to gain resources, but also to get their inventions and objects to the Europeans and then hopefully spread from there. The Mongols enhanced the trading system by composing the “Silk Road”. The Silk Road was a path/road that the Mongols had control of and it was a trade route that many travelers and traders took. Along the Silk Road, the main resource that was traded was silk, hence the name “Silk Road.” The
During the early Ming Dynasty, China was one of the most economically and technologically advanced countries in the world. As Ebrey pointed out, “Europe was not yet a force in Asia and China continued to look on the outer world in traditional terms.” China was regarded as the center of Asia at the beginning of 15th century and the idea of “Middle Kingdom” (Zhong guo) began to take off at that time. The early Ming Emperors were not interested in promoting commercial trade at all. Emperor Hongwu, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, implemented the Hai jin policy which forbade maritime shipping and private foreign trade outside of the tributary system (Ebrey, p. 209). Emperor Yongle, the son of Emperor Hongwu, lifted this policy to a certain extent when he ordered his eunuch Zheng He’s voyages. However, he was only intereste...
At the time of the Han Dynasty, general trade began over the Silk Road, which was a network of trails that stretched 4,000 miles from China extending to the Roman Empire. At the time the Chinese were unique in their knowledge of how to raise silkworms and weave silk. Chinese silk was extremely expensive. In fact it was worth its weight as gold in Rome! Europeans also preferred other Asian luxury goods including but not limited to exotic sp...
Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, Nestorian Christianity, Judaism, shamanism, Confucianism and Taoism were also spread on the Silk Road.
The Chinese empire had once been one of the greatest and most powerful empires in the world. Before the 19th century, China had a large population and was ruled by families or dynasties. It was considered technologically advanced as China had a history of many miraculous inventions, such as: writing, magnetic compasses, movable sails, porcelain, abacus and paper money. Although China was isolated from the rest of the world, it coped well on its own, and saw no need to begin trading with the west, (as Lord McCartney proposed in 1793), since it was a self-sufficient nation. At that particular time, the Chinese empire was still able to exclude the ‘barbarians’, thus forcing them to only trade at one port. However, China soon took a turn for the worst as important ...
Both Chang’an during the Tang dynasty and modern day New York City attracted people from all over the world because of the vast amounts of resources being traded. One of the greatest trade routes during the Tang Dynasty was the Silk Road. The Silk Road was a path that went from the Pacific coast of China to the Mediterranean Sea, and this road connected the Eastern market with the Western market (Chang’an). Chang’an was located at the Eastern end of the Silk Road. Many exotic goods were traded along this path from Persia and India (City Life in Tang). This trade made the people of Chang’an wealthy, and trade continued to increase in both the Western and Eastern markets. Because of the increased trade, many more people began to live near the Western market (Chang’an). The people of Chang’an began to be envied because of their vast wealth. This caused laws to be created that made it forbidden for people to show their wealth. While in New York City wealth is applauded and envied.
With deserts and the Himalayas running along most of the border, it was extremely difficult to cross over one of the most dangerous mountain ranges in the world and a few other scorching deserts with the little transport they had during that time. The only way merchants could come into the country was the southeastern coast of China, where most of the prosperous cities resided. What led China to become conceited was because they had an abundance of goods that most of the world wanted. In the 1760-1830s, China was famous for its porcelain (rich Europeans loved it), silk, and of course, tea. Since this Eastern Powerhouse’s goods were so popular, therefore, there were only a few things that interested them to trade with.
Through the Silk Road, Chinese goods such as silk and porcelain were transported to places such as Persia in exchange for foreign exotic goods . Furthermore, the Silk Road supported the influx of culture and religion to further enforce Taizong’s embracing attitude of a cosmopolitan society. The Silk Road was also a major factor in introducing Buddhism to China, as during the seventh century, Xuan Zhuang used it to travel to India to obtain Buddhist scriptures . The capital of the Tang, and the beginning of the Silk Road, Chang’an, was the most populous and diverse city in both religion and culture in the world at the time , hosting Christians, Buddhists, Muslims, and high ranking officials and citizens from many countries in Africa, Europe, and the Middle East . Under Taizong’s guidance, China created close foreign relations with many foreign nations, and the Silk Road became a major component of trade and revenue for China’s economy. Correspondingly, his capital city of Chang’an became the greatest city in the
There is a famous way of exchanging goods and culture in ancient China—“The Silk Road”. With heavy responsibilities, it tarted in BC 201 and connected Asia, Africa and Europe, which made lots of immigrates. Goods of Orient like silk, porcelain and jade delivered to the west, and the west merchandise like walnuts, carrots and grapes reached to the Orient. Missionaries, business men, envoy came as well to spread different cultures. With more choices in food, religions, goods, entertainments, clothing and thoughts, the economy got progressively better. Even countries were able to make better decisions based on anothers’