Psychosexual development, or stages, was considered a fixed sequence of childhood development stages, during which the id primarily finds sexual pleasure by focusing its energies on distinct erogenous zones. Sigmund Freud believed that every child had fully matured personalities by the age of six, but had to first endure five stages of development. Each stage had a certain fixation and interest that a child seemed to stay at before they matured to a teenager, and wherever the fixation lied, a problem or condition occurred later. The stages of psychosexual development were named the oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages; all stages were critically important to the development of any person.
The oral stage was the first step in the
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psychosexual development in which the child gained pleasure by engaging in oral activities. Infants at this stage were completely dependent on those who took care of them whether it was their biological parents or legal guardians for nourishment. They spent a lot of their time sucking, biting, or eating in the oral stage and later, Freud believed that adults fixated at this stage became clingy, and emotionally dependent on other people. The second stage, which was anal, was the focus of the shift between the mouth and the process of removal. This process began at the age of two to three when the child constantly fought with their parents about toilet training. Toilet training was a test for the parents’ attempt to deny the child of certain things and their dictation over when their offspring urinated or defecated. Sometimes the parents’ methods would work, but if not, the child was stuck in this stage, leading to two types of people later on. One route taken was that if it was a harsh toilet experience, it produced children who were tightly conformed to the demands of the enforcer. As adults, they seemed to be neat and very well-organized; also known as anal retentive. On the contrast, if the experience was relaxed it led to the child being forever messy, having difficulty complying with rules and authority and having utter control over their behavior; also known as anal expulsive. Thirdly, around the age of four to five, the phallic stage took place and introduced children to the sexual world. This stage derived pleasure from masturbation in children and also sparked a common feud between father and son as well as mother and daughter. Each child of either gender developed an affectionate fueled attraction for the opposite gender caregiver. The son became scared of the father (according to ancient Greek times, the son would be scared that the father would castrate him in his pursuit of affection from his mother.) On the contrast, the daughter was enraged at her mother (according to ancient Greek times, the daughter believed that she was punished and her penis was removed by the mother, and she could not have his attention; this was called the electra complex.) Fixation on this stage led to adults becoming chronically timid and the fear of “never measuring up” to their rivaled same-sex parent. A stage that happened generally at the the age of six to eleven was the latency stage.
This stage of the psychosexual development allowed the child's sexual desires and conflict to repress. The child's ego was relatively free from the interference by the id impulsive but at the same time still need to be managed for they were still growing. They tended to control these desires through extracurricular and socially acceptable activities such as school, sports, arts, and technological distractions; and there was to be no penalty for fixation at this stage.
The last and final stage of the psychosexual development was the genital stage. Children at this time had developed mature sexual feelings toward others and the ego learned to manage and direct their feelings. Sigmund Freud spent the least amount of time on this stage because he was under the notion that personality was well manufactured by the age of five.
All of these stages seemed to determine whether a person developed poorly or remarkably. It is fascinating how being fixated on one stage could lead to problems or strengths that were social, emotional, mental, or physical. All of Freud's theories had become an amazing lesson for the parents of today as well as parental advisors and
doctors.
If broken down into the three stages Freud 's believes you can easily see the under development that occurred in different stages of Roberts life.
Freud’s stages begin with the oral stage. Freud begins with the oral stage because when a baby is born they experience life through their mouth. All pleasure originates from the mouth. Freud’s developmental theory continued with the anal phase, in which children begin to learn to control their bodily functions. The center of this stage is learning to control when and where to use the restroom.
“ By the late 1930s, he had outlined four developmental stages-infancy (oral, anal, genital), latency, puberty, and adult heterosexual adjustment.”(Capps, 2004) Erikson wanted to build on Freud's early psychosexual stages by adding psychosocial stages that covered the full life cycle. In Erikson's opinion Shakespeare had risen above Freud in developmental matters because Shakespeare had covered development from infancy till death and he also believed that Shakespeare's stages were represented in social-ethical terms rather than sexual. Erikson wanted to go beyond Freud and Shakespeare in the developmental process. Although without Freuds model of psychosexual stages Erik Erikson believed that he would never have been able to create his own life cycle schema. With the addition of the eighth stage Erik Eriksons original life cycle work was taking on creative new dimensions. Erikson himself thought that he was only beginning to get a sense of the vast complexity of human life and it upset him when people attempted to describe human life in general limited terms. In Eriksons opinion human life was complex and had no limits. In Eriksons life cycle schema he insisted that all stages of development are present from birth and remain thoughout an individuals life time. It was not very clear
Through case study, the psychodynamic approach was developed by Sigmund Freud. Freud visited Charcot’s, a laboratory in Paris investigating people suffering from hysteria. There, Freud began patient case studies (Crain, p. 254). Freud developed 5 stages of human development known as the Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital stages. The Oral stage is from the ages of birth to 18 months. This stage engages in oral activities such as sucking. Next the Anal stage begins around age 18 months to 3 years of age. Freud suggests that during the Anal stage a child focuses on the pleasure of purging from the rectal area. The Phallic stages, none as the masturbation stage, when a child get’s pleasure from focusing on his genital areas usually happens during ages 3 years to 6 years of age. After the Phallic stage come the Latency stages. Latency is when children at the ages of 6 to 12 years old work to develop cognitive and interpersonal skills suppressing sexual interests but those 12 years and older fall into the Genital stages. During the Genital stage those suppressed sexual interests re-occur and the need to find gratification dependent on finding a partner (Craig & Dunn, p 12)
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory labeled this period of life the latency stage, a time when sexual and aggressive urges are repressed. Freud suggested that no significant contributions to personality development were made during this period; therefore, middle childhood was not considered an important stage in human development according to Freud’s analytical theory. However, more recent theorists have recognized the importance of middle childhood for the development of cognitive skills, personality, motivation, and inter-personal relationships. Erikson's conception of middle childhood is the industry/inferiority stage were children begin to develop an attitude about themselves, develop self-esteem, internalize society's standards, and develop an evaluation of socially relevant emotions of shame and pride.
Freud explain the formation of gender through the four stages of psychical development from a child with bisexual dispositions. He claims that boys have a much easier time developing their masculinity than girls have developing their femininity. The difference lies hidden within the extra hurdles girls must overcome during their psychical development. Boys and girls are pretty much the same until the phallic stage, in fact, Freud states that “the little girl is a little man” since she portrays many masculine traits. During the oral and anal stage, both girls and boys derive pleasure from the same things. Even at the beginning of the phallic stage, both the boys and girls derive pleasure from a similar area; the boys from their penis and the girls from their clitoris. According to Freud, this derivation of pleasure from the clitoris is a sing of masculinity placing...
Freud emphasized that early childhood experiences are important to the development of the adult personality, proposing that childhood development took place over five stages; oral, anal. Phallic, latent and genital. The phallic stage is the most important stage which contains the Oedipus complex. This is where the child (age 4 - 6 yrs) posses the opposite sex parent and wants rid of the same sex parent. Freud argued that if the conflict is not resolved in childhood then it could cau...
According to the founding father of psychology, Sigmund Freud, there are five different developmental stages that we must pass through in childhood in order to become fulfilled individuals. What Freud argued was that we all go through certain sexual stages in childhood that we move through for biological reasons. He argu...
Freud emphasizes on the life history of individuals. As a result, he created 3 parts of human personalities. The first one being Id which is the largest portion of the mind. This portion is unconscious which results in being present at birth. The next one is ego; this portion is conscious and begins to emerge in early infancy. Lastly is superego which is the conscience. This part begins to develop from ages three to six. Freud also explains the five psychosexual stages which are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. “Psychoanalytic theory suggested that personality is mostly established by the age of five.” (Cherry, n.d.). All five psychosexual stages help establish a personality at a young age.
Freud believed that humans develop through stages based on particular erogenous zones. Freud theorized that to gain a healthy personality as an adult, a person would have to successfully complete a certain sequence of five stages. Within the five stages of Freud’s psychosexual development theory, Freud assumed there would be major consequences if any stage was not completed successfully. The stages, in order, were the oral stage, the anal stage, the phallic stage, the latency stage, and the genital stage. In general, Freud believed that an unsuccessful completion of any stage would make a person become fixated on that particular stage. The outcome would lead the person to either over indulge or under indulge the failed stage during adulthood. Freud truly believed that the outcomes of the psychosexual stages played a major part in the development of the human personality. Eventually, these outcomes would become different driving forces in every human being’s personality. The driving forces would determine how a person would interact with the world around them. The results from Freud’s theory about the stages of psychosexual development led Freud to create the concept of the human psyche; Freud’s biggest contribution to
Sigmund Freud developed the psychosexual stages of development to describe the chronological process of development that took place from birth through later adulthood. The stages of psychosexual are oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital. Freud developed that as children grow they progress from self-pleasing sexual activity to reproductive activity. Through this developmental process one will develop adult personality. Freud put much emphasis on sexual context of how ones libido, which is one sexual desires played a role in each stage of development. Freud emphasizes that individuals will strive to obtain pleasures in each stage of development, which becomes the basis of ones personality.
For Freud, psychosexual theory occurred when personality arises, as it tries to resolve conflicts between unconscious sexual and aggressive impulses and the societal demands to suppress these impulses. In general, psychoanalytic theorists are permeated with notions of human development, and how the child changes during the course of his maturation in an explicit and implicit perspective.
Sigmund Freud 's theory of the Oedipus complex describes the ideas and emotions that exist within the unconscious mind of children concerning their desire to possess their mothers sexually and kill their fathers. Freud believed that this complex occurred in both male and female children, with both sexes wishing to possess their mothers and eliminate the threat of their fathers who they competed with for the attention of their mothers. Freud believed that the Oedipus complex occurred during what he referred to as the phallic stage of development, the third of the five stages of a child 's psychosexual development which occurs when a child is between the ages of three and six. According to Freud 's theory, children direct their developing sexual desire toward
Sigmund Freud proposed a theory of psychoanalytic development; he stated that early childhood experiences and practices affect later development in adulthood. Freud’s stages of psychosexual development comprised of five stages: the oral stage (0 – 1 year), the anal stage (1 – 3 years), the phallic stage (3 – 6 years), the latency period (6 – puberty) and the genital stage (puberty –
The theory does a good job at delineating the stages of psychosexual development; our childhood has a great influence on our personalities. Referring to Freud’s ‘psychosexual stages’, it is very clear that parents’ role in an infant’s life is the foremost step to structure the personality. Not to forget, the oral and anal stages are focal fundamental to character traits in a person’s behavior. The inner ‘instincts’ of sexuality and aggression meeting with the socially acceptable norms creates a conflict zone, wherein it is decided what we are to do and what we would become.