As the article mentioned, Freud used an example of the ancient city of Rome to illustrate the similarities between the brain and the city, namely if something has once been created, it will never disappear, they are always existing in different forms in a certain extent. What Freud’s assumption said about the brain is that all memories and events have been preserved in our brain. But those events happened in the past itself has disappeared, replaced by the character that affected by the events and the way you think when facing a problem. And it could influence people last whole life. Or those memories translated in a sensory form such as images, sound and taste etc. and still preserved in one’s mind. Once you are in a given circumstance, you
will be taken back to those “disappeared memories”. It clearly explained why we thought disappearing memories actually still exists. While for the history of the Eternal city, the old Rome itself has already disappeared, but its influence and significance still exists somehow in another way. Less and less ordinary buildings such as residential buildings existed in the city and even some of them were renovated. Those famous buildings once represented Roman’s power such as grand palaces and temples left few, but we still can feel an atmosphere of the old Rome. For instance, the city's main road lasted the original planning; government protected the ancient temples to be a scenic spot, many unknown historical relics buried underground. It means if you looked in details of these streets or landscapes in the city, you may find more history and story of it.
In Sigmund Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents and Primo Levi’s Survival in Auschwitz, both authors explore the source of human violence and aggression. Sigmund Freud’s book reacts to the state of Europe after World War I, while Primo Levi’s narrative is a first-hand account of his experiences during World War II. International and domestic tensions are high when both works are written; Sigmund Freud adopts a pessimistic tone throughout the work, while Primo Levi evolves from a despairing approach to a more optimistic view during his time at Auschwitz. To Sigmund Freud, savagery comes from the natural state of human beings, while Primo Levi infers violence is rooted in individual’s humanity being stripped away is.
After reading this week’s readings, I decide to focus my attention on Freud’s Civilization and Its Discontents, and to briefly touch on pragmatic views. I can see the similarities between the two, were religion, philosophy and science all intertwines, as it relates to finding truth or should I say truth as it relates to achieving certain goals in order to support social values and needs. The implications that what is true, may not necessarily be true, and that any and all knowledge that contributes to human values, can be interpreted as truth. Pragmatists contend that most philosophical topics should be viewed in terms of their practical uses and successes and that knowledge can be evaluated from the goals that this knowledge is able to support
Sigmund Freud believed that he “occupies a special place in the history of psychoanalysis and marks a turning point, it was with it that analysis took the step from being a psychotherapeutic procedure to being in depth-psychology” (Jones). Psychoanalysis is a theory or therapy to decode the puzzle of neurotic disorders like hysteria. During the therapy sessions, the patients would talk about their dreams. Freud would analyze not only the manifest content (what the dreamer remembers) of the dreams, but the disguise that caused the repressions of the idea. During our dreams, the decision making part of personality’s defenses are lowered allowing some of the repressed material to become more aware in a distorted form. He distinguished between
Freud believed that the mind was made up of three individual things (The ID, the ego and the superego) everyday these parts would develop and will form that individual’s personality, these parts would learn of the individual’s childhood events and experiences.
The psychodynamic approach lends itself to being a controversial yet highly influential theory in the history of psychology. The theory has become one of the most significant psychological approaches and its originator, Sigmund Freud, has become a major influence in modern psychology. The psychodynamic approach largely focuses on motivation and past experiences which develop and individual’s personality. Freud used the iceberg metaphor to outline the three states of consciousness and argued that only twenty percent of the mind represents the conscious. In addition he theorised that there was a pre-conscious mind which represents general memory. Finally, the unconscious mind which is essentially the reservoir of repressed or hidden experiences and desire.
Freud originally attempted to explain the workings of the mind in terms of physiology and neurology ...(but)... quite early on in his treatment of patients with neurological disorders, Freud realised that symptoms which had no organic or bodily basis could imitate the real thing and that they were as real for the patient as if they had been neurologically caused. So he began to search for psychological explanations of these symptoms and ways of treating them.
The psychodynamic theory focuses on the unconscious mind. Freud’s credence is that different mental forces operate in the mind. The unconscious mind can be described as being like an iceberg. The tip of the iceberg represents the part of the mind that is conscious, everyday thoughts. The iceberg just below the water’s surface represents the pre conscious, thoughts and information that can be retrieved easily. And finally the base of the iceberg is the unconscious part of the mind where fears, traumas and bad experiences are contained, almost impossible to retrieve.
Freud believed that human nature is basically deterministic, and largely dependent on the unconscious mind. Irrational forces and unconscious motivations drive the human mind to a unique conduct and performance. Freud believed the choices we make are determined by biological and instinctual drives. The purposes of instincts are for survival and aggression. In the field of psychiatry, Freud founded his type of psychoanalytic therapy on curing mental illnesses. The basis for Freud’s work on treating mental patients was on an illness called hysteria. One popular case that Freud began the majority of his work on was the Anna O. case. She suffered many symptoms from repressed ideas that were outwardly from no physical cause. Repression is a way of excluding unconscious desires, wishes, or unpleasant memories into the conscious mind by holding them in the unconscious mind. “According to Freud, repressed ideas often retained their power and were later expressed without the patient's awareness of them. Through ps...
The methods he used to obtain his information and data raised questions by other scientists. His research on children was lacking, as was his use of empirical studies, his research was male-dominated and also lacked universality. The theory of the id, ego and superego develops from birth into childhood therefore the use of case studies on adults and the lack of empirical study does not seem feasible enough to have developed this theory. First of all there is no guarantee that the memories of these adults on their childhood would be accurate, there was not any factual, re-testable data so it lacked reliability and validity secondly each case and person’s experience is different and therefore cannot be use to determine the development of an entire population. Freud’s theory was further biased due to him overlooking social and environmental aspects, which prevent universality; he was a European man who researched other upper middle class Europeans whose everyday living and circumstances differed greatly from others in
Sigmund Freud was born on May 6, 1856, in Freiberg, Moravia, a small town in Austro-Hungarian. His parents were Amalia and Jacob Freud. His father was an industrious wool merchant with a happy and witty personality. His mother was a cheerful and vivacious woman. He was one of nine siblings. He was the first-born child of Amali and Jacob; however, two male siblings where from his father’s first marriage. When he was a young boy, his family moved to Vienna where he lived most of his life. At the age of twenty-six, he fell madly in love with Martha Bernays when she was visiting one of his sisters. Shortly thereafter, they married and had six children of their own three boys and three girls. His children describe him as a loving and compassionate man.
Austrian neurologist, Sigmund Freud, founded the discipline of psychoanalysis in the late 19th century. Through his studies, he provided insight into the human mind, particularly how "psychological forces over which we have very limited control" motivate a great deal of a person's actions (Guerin 203). If we view the human mind as an iceberg, the conscious mind lies accessible above the water, whereas the unconscious, the psychological force over which a person has minimal control, lies beneath the surface in a dense expanse. As Freud explains in "The Anatomy of the Mental Personality" in 1932, "We call a process 'unconscious' when we have to assume that it was active at a certain time, although at that time we knew nothing about it" (Freud). Gary Grossman, author of "Queering Psychoanalysis," explains that psychoanalysis focuses on the "development of a sense of self and individual identity" (287). Essentially, events that occur can retract into a person's unconscious. It is the uncon...
In his book Civilization and it’s Discontents, Sigmund Freud makes the assertion that virtuous people suffer more than vicious people. He argues that this happens because virtuous people feel guilty when they fail to meet rules and because they are usually taken advantage of by vicious people. I will attempt to show that Freud is correct and the good do suffer more. For the most part, humans will act according to their nature which is simply a cost/benefit analysis.
Human rationality has been brought into question as wars, in past centuries, have reached magnitudes never experienced before. The Enlightenment (18th century), which occurred in Europe, expanded scientific and philosophical thought shaping the way one interprets the world, society and science today. Its impact has been tremendous, clear through its influence in the industrialization of the globe, as it has engendered various forms of technological advancements utilized within the work and economic sphere; especially within contemporary society. In the philosophical writing, “Civilization and its Discontents”, Sigmund Freud (father of psychology), uses this enlightenment-like thinking process, to uncover the reality of human purpose, instinct,
Freud substituted the systems of the topographic model with the three agencies of the structural model when it became evident that defenses were unconsc...
Kelsee Kessel Gen 410 Essay #2 Sigmund Freud has been credited by many for being one of the founding fathers of psychology. His work was so influential and groundbreaking for his time that it is still relevant today. In his iconic book “civilization and its discontents “he mentions his theory that civilization is human kind’s biggest cause of unhappiness and discontent.