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Essay on how to protect children from abuse
Prevention and protection of child abuse
Prevention and protection of child abuse
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This article, written by Amber L. Mackey, Mary Ellen Fromuth, and David B. Kelly, discusses a 2010 study that was done to figure out if a negative emotional relationship between siblings can cause later psychological problems. The study consisted of multiple men and women that filled out self-report questionnaires of sibling abuse, self-labeling of sibling abuse, quality of sibling relationships, depression, and anxiety (Fromuth, Kelly, & Mackey, 2010). After completing the study, the researchers found that there were a variety of differences between the amounts of reported abuse, depending on how much or what kind of sibling abuse took place (Fromuth, Kelly, & Mackey, 2010). Before discussing the study and the results found from it, the authors …show more content…
Hines and Malley-Morrison argue that physical violence between siblings is the most frequent form of family violence (2006, p. 331). They reported that 800 out of every 1,000 children performed a violent act towards their sibling in the previous year (Hines & Malley-Morrison, 2006, p. 331). This is equivalent to 50.4 million children who are violent with their sibling (Hines & Malley-Morrison, 2006, p. 331). As far as the online article, it was reported that emotional aggression is more common amongst siblings than physical aggression (Fromuth, Kelly, & Mackey, 2010). There was a study done with college students who reported whether or not they had a sibling who was emotionally aggressive with them or not (Fromuth, Kelly, & Mackey, 2010). The results of this study found that 89% of men and 98% of women reported that they were, in fact, emotionally maltreated by their sibling (Fromuth, Kelly, & Mackey, …show more content…
This progression of anxiety has a huge impact on the individual’s development. According to Hines and Malley-Morrison, sibling maltreatment can result in the sibling to suffer with conduct disorders, attention deficit disorder, drug abuse, adjustment disorder, social phobia, dysthymia, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and learning disabilities (2006, p. 338). Fromuth, Kelly, and Mackey support this idea by also stating that anxiety has been seen in individuals who have dealt with sibling maltreatment (2010). There was a study involving college undergraduate students showing that women who had siblings who were abusive towards them, had increased levels of anxiety compared to students who did not have abusive siblings (Fromuth, Kelly, & Mackey,
Especially in the book Miss America by Day, it mentioned about one of the maltreatments called incest (Maltreatment is intentional harm to or endangerment of a child, Incest is a sexual relations between persons closely related.). Like in the situation of Marilyn, author of the Miss America, she went through incest with her father at the age of five to eighteen, so until she became an adult it was very hard for her to tell her own story to anybody because she was afraid nobody would believe in her. Like the Child, Family, School, Community says, “the closer the victim and offender are emotionally, the greater trauma the victim experiences.” I agree with this statement, it is true that the closer the offender to the victim which the greater the trauma victim experiences. Some of the maltreatments are temperament of the child, marital distress, unemployment, lack of community support, and cultural values such as tolerance of violence can be considered as maltreatment. Other symptoms are poor social skills with peers of their own age(s), unable to trust other people, feel depression, commit suicide, have self-destructive, and confusion about their sexuality. It also said that high percentage of drug abusers, juvenile runaways, and prostitutes have been sexually abused when they were children. But for Marilyn Van Derbur felt very depressed and had temperament, but she coped with her pain by socializing and acting out as if nothing happened to her because she has to keep it as secret from everybody else ( Child, Family, School,
In this brief authors Epstein, Griffin and Botvin, (2008), Maintains that young sibling play an important role in shaping their environment. During an individual’s early childhood, attitudes and behavior is developed. However, the author believes that older sibling plays an important role in creating family standards and structure throughout the lifespan (Epstein, Griffin, & Botvin, 2008).
Watanabe-Hammond, S. ( 1988). Blueprints from the past: A character work perspective on siblings and personality formation. In K. G.Lewis ( Ed.), Siblings in therapy: Life span and clinical issues New York: Norton.
Psychological maltreatment, like many other forms of abuse can also be passed down through intergenerational transmission. It is not unlikely for parents to psychologically mistreat their children due to their own past or childhood experiences with psychologically abuse. For example, it is not uncommon during the course of an investigation of physiological maltreatment that it is discovered that the perpetrator had their own form of abuse history in the past. Often time’s people look at psychological maltreatment as a consequence resulting from some other form of abuse, mainly physical and sexual, but tend to overlook the fact that it may also occur as an individual form. Psychological maltreatment can take more than one form. During the course of researching for this paper I learned that there are three typical forms of behavior in which people follow when displaying this type of abuse against children. The three types are acting in an aggressive, rejecting, and lessening
Cohn, M., & Ariyakulkan, L. (2008). The importance of the sibling relationship for children in
Linda Bass, D. H.-M. (2006). Making Sense of Abuse: Case studies in sibling incest. Contemporary Family Therapy, 87-108.
For example, the article written by Kress, Protivnak, and Sanlak (2008), suggest that 34 percent of females suffer from domestic violence at some point in their life. In these domestic violence situations 30-55 percent of female deaths are committed by intimate partners. According to Kress et. al., (2008), suggest that approximately 3.3 million children observed domestic violence situations inside of their home. According to the same authors numerous of these children have experienced long term effects. When individuals are suffering from domestic violence situations they could experience the following consequences mental health disorders, such as “depression, anxiety, and suicide” (Kress et. al., 2008 pg. 200). Kress et. al., (2008), suggest that individuals that suffer from domestic violence can suffer from other mental health disorders like “PTSD, depression symptoms, anxiety, psychosomatic complaints, substance abuse, and lowered self-esteem” (pg.
Megan R. Holmes discusses Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and the effects it has on children. She starts her article by stating that one in seven men and one in four women have experienced IPV, and the households with female victims show that thirty-eight percent have children under the age of twelve living there. References Holmes, M. R. (2013). The sleeper effect of intimate partner violence exposure: long-term consequences on young children's aggressive behavior. Journal Of Child Psychology & Psychiatry, 54(9), 986-995 Katz, C. (2014).
...negatively affect a trauma survivor’s ability to maintain relationships with family members (Schwerdtfeger & Goff, 2007). The research in this area suggests that traumatized adults may be emotionally or functionally (or both) unavailable for their infant, increasing the likelihood of enhanced symptomatology within the child. Parents with a trauma history may “pass on” their trauma symptoms or reactions to their children, either through the children’s direct exposure to the parents’ symptoms or through the parents’ potentially traumatizing (e.g., abusive) behavior. Additionally, depression, anxiety, psychosomatic problems, aggression, guilt, and related issues may be common in the children of trauma survivors. These findings suggest the complexity of understanding the effects of trauma that may impact family members across generations (Schwerdtfeger & Goff, 2007).
Whiteman, S. D., Becerra, J. M., & Killoren, S. E. (2009). Mechanisms of sibling socialization in normative family development. New Directions For Child & Adolescent Development, 2009(126), 29-43. doi:10.1002/cd.255
Abuse can happen to anyone, at any age, at any time. This is repetitive acts of behavior of wanting to maintain power and have control over someone whether it be through childhood, adolescents, or adulthood. This subject is sensitive as it impacts so many different people around the world. The topic of abuse is not just a family matter, it comes in all forms, such as sexual, emotional, and physical. Abuse is accompanied by the long term emotional tolls, especially on children because their brains are still developing and can take abuse harder than others. One question to ask, is how does one overcome abuse? As children and adolescents develop, how do they function emotionally and physically? These traumatic experiences that happen through
When a child witnesses domestic abuse it can have many different effects on the child. From my research I found that one of the most common effects on the child were mental health problems. In one study, conducted in New Zealand, young people that reported high levels of exposure to inter-parental violence had elevated rates of mental health problems (Fergusson & Horwood, 1998, p.1). Some of the least severe mental health problems included anxiety, inability to focus, and nightmares (Brescoll & Graham-Bermann, 2000, p.2). But these problems, which appear to be less severe, can also be the symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (Brescoll & Graham-Bermann, 2000, p.2). In a study conducted in 2001 the results indicated that higher levels of symptoms indicative of post traumatic stress were associated with children who have witnessed domestic violence (Hill & Nabors & Reynolds & Wallace & Weist, 2001, p.1). ?Children who have witnessed domestic violence are more likely to develop symptoms associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder; that is, high levels of an...
Violence within families often reflects behaviours learned by children from their parents. A theory is that violent behaviour is passed down from generation to generation through families (Cole & Flanagin, Pg. 2). The majority of Americans are subjected to corporal punishment at one point or another during their lifetime(Kandel, Pg. 4). Surveys suggested that almost all American parents used physical punishment at one point or another and the punishment was regared as an appropriate child rearing technique. Another survey also suggested that some psychologists belive physical punishment to be an effective and useful socialization tool(Kandel, Pg. 2). Aggression is commonly conceived as existing on a continuum, ranging from very severe parental aggression to much milder and normal parental aggression, such as use of corporal or physical punishment(Kandel, Pg. 1). A common concern is that parental use of physical punishment will lead to aggressive behaviour in children.
“Children believe this is how all families operate so they think violence is okay,” said Peterson. “It use to be little girls would become victims and little boy would become abusers. Now we are seeing both boys and girls becoming abusers because they are understanding who has the power.”
“Fighting with siblings is certainly not a means to a desired end; it cannot be conceived as an attempt to achieve greater status or approval from parents since it has the opposite effect. In sum, the sibling rivalry model assumes that sibling aggression involves nonrealistic conflict and that an attack on a sibling involves angry aggression” (Felson pg.3). In other words, due to gender differences and the added parental effects, sibling rivalry can drive the aggression placed on the siblings from unequal treatment and jealousy rather than something realistic such as household duties, academic performance or extracurricular activities between siblings. According to Aggression and Violence Between Siblings, “nonrealistic conflict occurs when experiences of deprivation and frustration create a need for tension release; thus non-realistic conflict is expressive, or representative of some internal state of one of the participants, and the source of conflict is intrapersonal” (pg.