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Female Sexuality in Dracula
‘The New Woman’ was a term that arose in the Victorian era. The term was a reaction against the long-held notions of femininity and the proper social sphere for women. Many people of the Victorian era were against this alternative lifestyle, which gave women new found freedom in many aspects of their lives. Bram Stoker use the women in Dracula as a tool to insist that if Victorian women evolve into ‘The New Woman’, they need to continue to submit to men and continue to be maternal people with no sexual desire.
‘Good’ women in the Victorian era were believed to have no sex drive. The three vampire women in Dracula, represent women who are in tune with their sexuality. Although the Vampire women make appearances
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The one striking difference that separates Lucy from Mina is that she is sexualized. This one difference is what ultimately seals her destiny to one of destruction and a morbid death, instead of living out a happy life as Mina does. The audience is first shown Lucy’s promiscuity in her letter to Mina where she flirtatiously asks “Why can’t they let a girl marry three men, or as many as want her, and save all the trouble? But this is heresy and I must not say it” (Stoker 65). Lucy desires to break free of the restraints that society has put on Victorian women. It also implies that she has desires that simply cannot be met by becoming a house …show more content…
‘Blood transfusion’ and ‘sexual intercourse’ are interchangeable in Dracula, just as ‘blood’ and ‘semen’ are considered one in the same. Lucy becomes more degraded and more defiant during each “blood transfusion”. She also needs more blood from multiple men in order to survive. Stoker's idea behind this is that a woman with a sexual appetite will always be hungry for more, and she will always look for more partners. Van Helsing understands that the transfusions are sexual and both participants are being degraded with each transfusion, yet continues on. He exclaims, “Ho, ho! Then though this sweet maid is a polyandrist, and me, with my poor wife dead to me, but alive by Churches laws, though no wits, all gone-even I, who am faithful husband to this now-no-wife, am bigamist” (Stoker 187). Lucy is sucking the very life out of the men during blood transfusion as sexual women are draining men of their power. The idea is that a whorish woman will turn a decent man into a barbarian whose only focus is
...sitive depiction of their sexual relationship. For Mina, however, renunciation of Dracula's evil must include the renunciation of her own physical needs and desires. The roles played by social mores and conceptions of gender and sexuality are, in the end, more than incidental. Indeed, the difference between Victorian England and 1990s America causes the subtle -- but significant -- valuation of the connections between good and evil and women and sexuality in two in many ways similar texts.
Lucy poses a threat to the Victorian ideology by exposing herself as a danger to sexual propriety. She remarks about wanting to have more than one husband, which displays promiscuity, “Why can’t they let a girl marry three men or as many as want her?” this statement works as a threat which comes to fruition after Lucy is bitten. Once infected by Dracula, Lucy becomes sexually overt and aggressive; and is portrayed as a monster and a social outcast. She transforms into a fiend and feeds on children making her the maternal antithesis as well as a child molester.
In Dracula, Bram Stoker explores the fantastic image of a sexually dominant woman within a patriarchal society. The battle between good and evil within the novel very much hinges upon feminine sexuality: Lucy and Nina are embodiments of the Victorian virtues, which Dracula threatens to corrupt,
Humphrey, Robert. "Ideals of the Victorian Woman as Depicted in ‘Dracula’." The Artifice. N.p., 11 Mar. 2014. Web. 6 May 2014. .
Stevenson, John Allen. A Vampire in the Mirror: The Sexuality of Dracula. 2nd ed. Vol. 103. N.p.: Modern Language Association, 1988. JSTOR. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. .
Bram Stoker’s Dracula illustrated fears about sexual women in contrast to the woman who respected and abided by society’s sexual norms. Joseph Sheridan LeFanu’s “Carmilla” represented not only the fear of feminine sexuality, but also the fear of sexuality between women. John William Polidori’s “The Vampyre” showed society’s fear of sexuality in terms of the seductive man who could “ruin” a young girl.These texts are representative of vampire stories in the Victorian Era, and will be the focus here.
The Victorian England setting and culture of “Dracula” by: Bram Stoker attributes to many stylistic components and character behaviours in the novel. One of which is the behaviour and actions characters express that are a result of sexual repression. In Dracula, sexual repression is best expressed by the character’s desire to create. This desire is exemplified by the way Dracula creates other vampires, Lucy’s sexual desires, and the men’s expression of aggression. The creation of other Vampires is evident through events including Dracula’s aggressive encounters with Lucy and Mina, and the fact the Dracula is building up a Vampire army. Lucy’s sexual desires are exemplified through her longing to have sex with multiple men and how she compares
As the saying goes, “Women can do everything Men can do.” In the Gothic Novel Dracula by Bram Stoker, there is a constant theme of sexuality, from both male and females in society. In the Victorian era, the roles of male and females have caused a lot of tension. After reading Dracula, some would argue the roles men and women hold in society. As mentioned in Dr. Seward’s Dairy from Val Halsing., “Ah, that wonderful Madam Mina! She has man’s brain—a brain that a man should have were he much gifted—and a woman’s heart. The good God fashioned her for a purpose, believe me, when He made that so good combination” (Stoker and Hindle, 2003 250). A women’s mind is not the always the first thing on a males mind. Some would overlook what a woman really has to offer.
Both are quiet, demure, and naturally submissive in nature. Both are shining examples of innocence, virtue, and sophistication. The key difference between Lucy and Mina, in the early letters, is that Lucy has a sexualized beauty about her that Mina does not possess. She is described as blonde, voluptuous, innocent, and pure in one breath. An air of vulnerability hangs about Lucy, driving people like Van Helsing to protect her. She seems to be the example of what a woman should be in the late 19th century. Her innate sexuality, however, reveals itself to be her
In Bram Stoker's Dracula, the most blatant and powerful symbol is blood. He takes the blood that means so much to the believers of this legend and has it represent more than even they could imagine. Blood is the main object associated with vampires and vampirism. From a mythical standpoint, it is the basis of life for the vampires as they feed off of the blood of young, vibrant souls. From a more scientific standpoint blood is what would drip out of the corpse's mouth when family members would dig up their dead kin to check for the dreaded disease. Stoker takes the significance of this symbol and puts his own unique twist to the meaning of blood. He combines the traditional folklore of vampirism and the immense sexual undertones of the Victorian era to create a simply horrific tale which completely confuses the emotions of his readers. Stoker knew bloods importance in vampire history and used the overwhelming symbolism to convey his own personal lust and sexual obsessions. The scenes where Lucy is receiving transfusions; first from Holmwood, then from Seward, and the unforgettable vampire baptism between Dracula and Mina all have these very erotic, sexual feelings associated with them. What makes these so powerful is the combination of violence and sex. As a reader, you know that what Dracula is doing are horrific and wrong, but because they are so sexually described and associated you think you should enjoy them, but you can't. This is the confusion which stoker implements into his readers minds, especially ones of the Victorian era. This is why stoker used blood as the most important symbol in the novel; to create an intense horror that was not just in the words of the book, but in the minds of the reader.
Stoker uses phenomenal imagery to produce a late nineteenth century setting, located somewhere within eastern Europe. Transylvania, the infamous home to Dracula himself, is described in great detail in Harker’s journal. There, Stoker purposely and meticulously outlines Dracula’s castle and the surrounding town. Stoker manages to do this with a very gothic tone, immediately lowering the societal status of women. In conjunction with Dracula’s gothic tone comes the understanding of male and female traditional roles of the era. The reader sees that there is no hesitation differentiating between the two, as Stoker “ cast[s] men as rational, strong, protective and decisive…[and] women as emotional (irrational), weak, nurturing and submissive.” (Tyson, 82).
First, readers can tell that Lucy Westenra’s position as a feminine character in this novel is there to support the masculine society. This can be seen through the text and Lucy’s thoughts and by her descriptions of the other characters who are also in the novel. While Lucy is writing letters back and forth with Mina, Lucy starts to represent her womanhood by writing to Mina, “You and I, Mina dear, who are engaged and going to settle down soon soberly into old married women, can despise vanity” (Stoker 78). The expectations of a woman during this time would be for them to settle down, start a family, and to take care of the family and their house. Next, Lucy is very willing and goes out of her way in order to please her husband, Arthur Holmwood. Lucy wrote “I do not know myself if I shall ever speak slang; I do not know if Arthur likes it; as I have never heard him use any as yet” (Stoker 78). In this quote, Lucy is saying that if her husband does not like it that she wil...
There are a few characters in Dracula that embody society’s views of the time towards the uprising of women for better rights. On the other hand there are also characters that portray the Victorian ideals that men are stronger than women and how it should stay that way. As author Bram Dijkstra mentions in his response essay, “Stokers work demonstrates how thoroughly the war waged by the nineteenth century male culture against the dignity and self -respect of women had been fought”.(Dijkstra , p.460).
The men want to protect Lucy when Dracula is taking her but they do not let her help but with Mina they let her contribute and recognize her smarts. Lucy is a perfect victorian lady. She is pure, innocent, and easily influenced. That is why she is so easily overtaken by Dracula. Lucy sleepwalks because her life is being drained from her. It is the physical manifestation of what is happening in her life. Victorian Ideals are shutting them into a box until they become lifeless. She is proposed to by three men and and like any Victorian Lady she chooses the one that can take of her the best while she does love Arthur he is also to inherit a lot of money and power making him the perfect husband and her the perfect wife. Lucy lets other takes care of her rather than fighting back herself so she is taken over.
As an ideal Victorian woman, according to the article “Women of 50’s” it states that an ideal women “…is a women who was a home loving, loyal to her family, sympathy, sacrifices and supports her husband, and has the same mind and goals set as her husband…” In the book Dracula, Van Helsing says “She is one of God's women, fashioned by his own hand to show us men and other women that there is a heaven where we can enter, and that its light can be here on earth. So true, so sweet, so noble.” (Stoker 201). This quote was towards Mina, who represented the ideal woman. In Dracula, she was the faithful one to her fiancé, Jonathan, while he was away. Even when she didn’t hear anything from him after writing to him, she remained loyal. She was smart, young, had beauty and wanted to help Jonathan through everything. Mina wrote in her journal, “I have been working very hard lately, because I want to keep up with Jonathan's studies, and I have been practicing shorthand very assiduously. When we are married, I shall be able to be useful to Jonathan...” (Stoker 58). Mina was very supportive with Jonathan’s job and tried to keep a mindful to please her husband. "The dear girl was more affectionate with me than ever, and clung to me as though she would detain me..." (Stoker 288). Jonathan wrote in his journal, saying how much Mina was attached to him, her loyalty remained the same as before. Victorian