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Changes in representation of gender roles in advertising
Advertising and body image essay
Changes in representation of gender roles in advertising
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The role of sex in advertising is debatable and most individuals, including industry experts, conclude that having the target audience of an advertisement comprehend the overall message being sent in an advertisement is the essential objective. In order for a message to get across, the advertisement must first get the attention of the target audience or market. After all, if advertisers are unable to get one’s attention they will not be able to send a message. There are many strategies that advertiser’s and marketers use to capture an audience’s attention. One such tactic used by many advertisers goes with the belief that sex sells in advertising. Sexuality is an influential motivator, and many advertisements use sexually explicit images to help catch attention and advertise their products and services. Advertisements using physically attractive people, which most likely have been enhanced with computer altering techniques, set standards that cannot be met in real life by regular people. The attractive female images in advertising as well as gender stereotypes have the potential to negatively impact women's behavior, create misconceptions of beauty, and cause psychological problems.
Today’s society has a fairly stable idea about what men and women should act and look like. These stereotypes often portray men traditionally as masculine, dominant, and rational while women tend to be portrayed as feminine, emotional, and passive. Naturally, these characteristics allow for each gender to be associated with different products in which they are targeted towards. Men tend to be associated with and the target market for technology items, home improvement products, and alcohol. Women tend to be associated with shopping, chores, family, a...
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...opic of sex, gender roles, and advertising. Although study after study has found that advertisements can receive the same result whether they feature extremely thin, computer-enhanced models, or models that look like the majority of the American population, it would take a great deal of persuasion to change the images the industry is currently using in their campaigns. As previously stated, the objective of advertisements should be to get a message to the consumer. In order to do that, advertisers must capture the audience’s attention. While this is sometimes done by using sexual appeal as an attention grabber, sex can be portrayed in commercials as a gender stereotype or in a desirable way. Unfortunately, when sex appeal is portrayed in an unrealistic, impractical way, this has allowed the general population to compare themselves to models that may not even exist.
Men and women both drive cars, it’s a simple necessity to be able go to work for most people, however, from the commercials on television, one would assume that men are the primary purchasers of cars. In Steve Craig’s essay, Men’s Men and Women’s Women, he analyzes four commercials to illustrate how advertisers strategically targets the viewers. Craig argues that advertisers will grasp the attention of the viewer by the gender ideals that both men and women have of each other. Not only do advertisers pick a target audience demographic, but they also will target the audience at specific time to air their commercials. By analyzing an Audi and Bud Light commercial, one can see that Craig arguments are true to an extent but it appears that commercials have gone from an idealized world to a more realistic and relatable stance. for are still [true, however it seems that commercials may have altered to appear more realistic.] [relevant to an extent. This is to say, it appears that advertisers may have altered their commercial tactics. ]
Common sense seems to dictate that commercials just advertise products. But in reality, advertising is a multi-headed beast that targets specific genders, races, ages, etc. In “Men’s Men & Women’s Women”, author Steve Craig focuses on one head of the beast: gender. Craig suggests that, “Advertisers . . . portray different images to men and women in order to exploit the different deep seated motivations and anxieties connected to gender identity.” In other words, advertisers manipulate consumers’ fantasies to sell their product. In this essay, I will be analyzing four different commercials that focuses on appealing to specific genders.
This thought has been held on for far too long. In a consumer-driven society, advertisements invade the minds of every person who owns any piece of technology that can connect to the internet. Killbourne observes that “sex in advertising is pornographic because it dehumanizes and objectifies people, especially women,” (271). Advertising takes the societal ideology of women and stereotypes most kids grow up learning and play on the nerves of everyone trying to evoke a reaction out of potential customers, one that results in them buying products.
Have you ever wondered where the saying, ‘a picture says a thousand words’, come from? Well, I do not know who came up with this fantastic phrase, but nonetheless, I will be describing and analyzing two different magazine advertisements, trying to put in words what I think the advertisers wanted consumers to receive when those potential buyers viewed their ads. The two advertisements that I chose, Caress and Secret, try to encourage female consumers of all ages to purchase their hygiene products. Although both ads, Caress and Secret, appeal to the same gender with hygiene goods, they differ in design, text, and message. They attempt to please the female buyer with color, texture, and sexuality. This makes it prevalent, that the agents must grab the attention of possible buyers in order to sell their product. The advertisers must choose a variety of marketing strategies to the reach their targeted consumers.
Advertising has become a means of gender socialization because it is a way for people to learn the “gender map” that lays out the expectations for men and women based on their sex.
They want to show a “sparkling version” of the product and that implicates that, “if you buy the one, you are on the way to realizing the other” (26). So the portrayal of gender is essential in advertisement when it is trying to catch the viewer’s attention, since gender norms can be considered as a form of silent language in the society. Simply put, it can be said that gender roles are “a language which needs no complex translation by the viewer, just transmission through the image” (Capener 3) and therefore it is important for the advertiser to utilize the imagined gender roles within the advertisement
“Selling sex is illegal, but using it to promote economic growth is not.” (Sexualization and Sexploitation of Women in the Media; Rosery Films) What actually happened to our culture, people wondered? Has advertising gone too far? And are we being corrupted by sex? According Sex in advertising: Perspectives on the Erotic Appeal, in 2005, approximately one-fifth of all advertising used overt sexual content to sell its product. Society’s interest with sex and the advertising designer’s acceptance of it as an effective tool have served each other for the course of the twentieth century. And has always been separated on the extents to which sexuality can and should be used to sell. Advertising has become the single largest source of visual imagery in our social society. No matter where we look, we see advertisements trying to sell us things. Provocative advertising has been characterized as a deliberate attempt to gain attention through shock. (De Pelsmacker & Van Den Bergh, 1996) In 2007, The American Psychological Association sent out a press release to the media stressing the harmful effects of sexualizing our youth: “The proliferation of sexualized images of girls and young women in advertising, merchandisin...
Steve Craig in the essay, “Men’s Men and Women’s Women,” suggests that while producing television commercials the gender of the audience has an impact of how they portray males and females. Craig concludes an analysis on four different commercials where he discusses a men’s men, a men’s women, a women’s women, and lastly a women’s men. In his analysis of a men’s men commercial he finds that they focus on a man's masculinity and independence to do as they please (Craig 186). We can see this commonly today where proving one’s masculinity plays a big role in the male gender. In Craig’s study of a men’s women he finds that stereotypically women play the part of a beautiful sex object, or follow “the rules of patriarchy” (Craig 188). Seeing a woman portraying her body in a provocative way on modern day social media such as Twitter and Instagram with men lusting over the photograph proves as an example.
Sex is everywhere in our society. It is on TV, magazines, radio, billboards, and basically anywhere you look today. People cannot get away from sex in advertising because so many companies use it. Sex appeals are used in advertising all the time, and people love to look at it because 'Sometimes people listen better with their eyes' (Steel 137). Sex in advertising is an effective technique that is used today. It helps companies successfully sell their product in our market. Of course it has to be directed at the right audience, and sold at the right places in order for it to work.
Bright colors and bold catchphrases can certainly draw a viewer’s eye to an advertisement, but if you sexually objectify women in the process, you've got a winner! Or, at least that’s what modern advertisers seem to think. On the bus, TV, and Facebook news feed, we are constantly bombarded with images of scantily clad women selling everything from cars to hamburgers. In fact, advertisements today are more sexist towards women than any decade before. Not convinced?
Many advertisements make claims or state facts or provide studies, to persuade the consumer that their product is superior to others. Another supporting technique is using sex in ads. Igor Ovsyannykov writes, “Hate it or love it—‘Sex Sell’—and numerous companies use this to sell their products.” Likewise, it’s up to the advertiser to bring a truthful message that persuades its’ customers to buy its products; whether it’s using sexuality with beautiful women as an allure in advertising— to an otherwise tame
To sum up, it is often said that advertising is shaping women gender identity, and some have been argued that the statement is true, because of the higher amount of sexual references of women that advertisement show and the damages that occur on women’s personality and the public negative opinions of those women. As well, the negative effects that those kinds of advertisements cause to young generations and make them feel like they should simulate such things and are proud of what they are doing because famous actors are posting their pictures that way. Others deem this case as a personal freedom and absolutely unrelated to shaping women gender identity. On the contrast, they believe that, those sorts of advertisements are seriously teaching women how to stay healthy and be attractive, so they might have self-satisfaction after all.
The objectification of women is a huge issue in society and is often led by advertising. However, many men still believe that the adverts depicting women in a sexual and often passive posture are not very offensive, but rather very funny or sexy. However, how would they feel if it were their daughter or sister being advertised throughout the world as a sexual object? The Tiger Beer advertisement shown in the appendix is a clear example of the objectification of women in advertising. The Tiger Beer advert was made to appeal to men from the age of 20 to 60.
Advertising surrounds the world every second of the day. This form of influence has had the power to influence how society views gender roles ever since men and women began to appear in advertisements. Through the exposure to many different gender portrayals in advertising, gender roles become developed by society. This stems from how men and women are depicted, which forms stereotypes regarding the individual roles of men and women. People often shift their definition of an ideal image towards what they see in advertisements. From this, they tend to make comparisons between themselves and the advertisement models. Advertisements tend to be brief, but impactful. The different portrayals of men and women in advertising show that advertisements
Lundstrom, William J., and Donald Sciglimpaglia. "Sex Role Portrayals in Advertising."Journal of Marketing 41.3 (1977): 72