Definition:
Serialism is a rigorous system of composing music in which various elements of the piece are ordered according to a pre-determined ordered set or sets, and variations on them. The elements thus controlled may be the pitch of the notes, their length, their dynamics, their accents, or virtually any other musical quantity, which, in serial terms is called a parameter. More generally, serialism is any music which uses any ordered sets applied to any musical element.
Whilst researching serialism I came across a quote which I find very relevant to our studies at the moment. The quote reads: “Serial music is like spinach. People grow up hearing others complain about how terrible it is. Some people eventually try it and agree that it’s horrible stuff; others try it and decide it’s rather good. But most avoid and detest it as a result of rumour and hearsay.” Although it is not necessary to enjoy serialism, one who is interested in classical music should attempt to understand it.
Twelve tone music which was established by Schoenberg is often referred to as serialism, but strictly speaking serialism is the sequel to Schoenberg’s works, and came about in the late 1940’s. Composers, led by Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen started to apply Schoenberg’s 12-tone principle to more than just pitch. To recap, Schoenberg created tone rows, where the 12 different pitch classes of the scale are arranged in a particular order, then inverted, then played in reverse (retrograd...
Both in the ‘Serial’ podcast by Sarah Koenig and the ‘Making a murderer’ docudrama directed by Laura Ricchardi, use music to cause doubt in the audience’s mind whether to position the person on trial as innocent. Similarly, where Koenig uses music to support ideas and cause doubt in the audience, Ricchardi uses music in accompany with videos and re-enactments so the audience can infer whether Steven is innocent or guilty. Koenig structures the music in her podcast and uses it to appeal to the audience in a way so the audience can infer whether Adnan is innocent or guilty. Koenig uses music to transfer from the interview with Adnan to her narration. This is done because Koenig has found the important information of Adnan’s whereabouts at the time of the murder and positions the audience to view him as innocent.
Peter Sculthorpe is an Australian composer who is renowned for his experimentation and exploration of ideas and symbolism in his music. His music is a representation of his feelings in response to socio-cultural, political and historical viewpoints. For instance, his String Quartet No. 16 is a representation of the emotions of refugees trapped in detention centres. It consists of five movements entitled Loneliness, Anger, Yearning, Trauma and Freedom. Musical elements such as pitch, duration and other expressive devices show how effectively Sculthorpe evokes the feelings of refugees through each movements, especially the movements Trauma and Freedom.
The isorhythmic motet is a compositional style that emerged from the movement Ars Nova in the fourteenth century. It is defined based on the use of a talea, a repeated rhythmic pattern, to the main melody of a motet that is the color or the melodic pattern. Philippe de Vitry and Guillaume Machaut are the two most representative composers of this music style. Both composers wrote sacred and secular music in a variety of styles. For the purpose of analysis, the pieces Cum statua/Hugo, Hugo/Magister invidie composed by Philippe de Vitry in 1320 and Felix virgo / Inviolata / Ad Te Suspiramus composed by Guillaume de Machaut in 1360 will serve as a subject of comparison and contrast to determine the characteristics of isorhythmic motet from
A peer to such keyboard greats - such as Rubenstein, Thalberg, and Liszt - Clara Schumann (1819-1896) was a brilliant pianist and composer. Carrying a career which extended over sixty years, Schumann contributed a great deal of repertoire to the world of Lieder. Much like her performing technique, her compositions were famous for carrying a beautiful tone and poetic temperament. In analyzing Clara Schumann’s Liebst du um Schönheit, one can cultivate an understanding of Schumann’s compositional techniques, as they are implemented in the style of German lieder.
Primitivism is another ism, which concentrated on primal sounds. They come from African heritage. The sound of the music is very unpredictable and wild sounding. The rhythms usual go up and down. It is tough to understand the purpose of the composer.
Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology in the area within psychology that is focused on maladaptive behavior-its causes, consequences, and treatment. Abnormal psychology deals with how it feels to be different, the meanings the get attached to being different, and how society deals with people whom it considers to be different. The spectrum of differences is wide, ranging from reality defying delusions and severe debilitations to worries and behavioral quirks that we would be better off not having but do not significantly interfere with our daily lives. An example of the milder end of the spectrum is a man who was an eminently successful district attorney, was elected governor of New York on three occasions, and was almost elected president of the United States in 1948. This man, Thomas E. Dewy, reached the pinnacle of success, displaying such qualities as rectitude, efficiency, precision, and nearly limitless capacity for hard work.
Outside of this work having one of most unique example of musical notation that this writer has ever encountered, this work is part of a number of pieces by Cage that emphasized his use of the aspects of machinery, silence, and chance. According to scholar Pritchett, Cage had been using the advanced, percussive technique of prepared piano around 1940 to allow new sound to augment many of his compositions prior to the one in questions; thus making procedure almost mainstream around the time of his works The Perilous Night (1944), A Book of Music (1944), and Three Dances (1945). In addition to this musical advancement, Crumb embraced the concept of silence to best bring weight and saturation to the sounds that happen among a performance, thus providing a more powerful musical aesthetic. Works like 4’33’’ highlighted this notion in his compositional style.
Serial killer is a person who kills three or more people with a cooling off period between murders and these murders may go on for a period of months or years. The murders that this person commits may have similar fashion or the victims may have something in common, for example, occupation, race, appearance, sex, or age group. Psychology is the science and study of human behavior and mental processes. Moreover, it is the study of human minds and its function.
A serial killer is a person who murders three or more people over a period of more than 30 days, with a "cooling off" period between each murder, and whose motivation for killing is largely based on psychological gratification. Most people do not understand what can make a person want to kill multiple people for no reason other than own satisfactional gain. In actuality serial killers have been studied for over hundreds of years, and the information that has been documented continues to grow. The research that I have gathered about serial killers focuses on their childhood development, the differences and similarities between men and female serial kills, and finally general information on how their brains operate and their motives for committing such harmful acts.
Music for Eighteen Musicians (MFEM) is a minimalist composition by Steve Reich written between 1974 and1976. Though this piece was a culmination of Reich’s previous minimalist work, it was also innovative in its elements of structure and harmony. Reich emphasizes this point in saying “there is more harmonic movement in the first five minutes of Music for Eighteen Musicians than in any complete work of mine to date.” It was also his first attempt at composing for a large ensemble building upon his frequent use of piano and pitched percussion with a violin, a cello and two clarinets. The context leading up to the composition of Music for Eighteen Musicians sheds light onto the reason why it was composed and in a greater sense why Minimalism as a whole was born.
J. S. Bach was the first known composer to use a literal representation of his name in his music. He used the chromatic motive B-A-C-H , that is, B-flat, A, C, B-natural in American theoretical language in Contrapunctuas XIV from the Art of Fugue. Although Bach left this fugue unfinished, the third and last subject of the fugue was the B-A-C-H motive that composers after Bach have used to pay tribute to the great composer. There are a number of composers; including: Schumann, Liszt, Reger, Busoni, Schoenberg, and Webern, who have used the B-A-C-H theme in their works; varying the way they employed it to make it part of their personal style. NEED SCHUMANN, LISZT, REGER INTRODUCTION SENTENCES. In 1910, Busoni created one of most famous works, Fantasia Contrappuntistica, that "finished" Bach's unfinished fugue; the theme is easily noticeable in contrapuntal form. In 1923, the year Schoenberg created his twelve-tone method, he composed op. 25 Suite Für Klavier, which employs his tonal row in inversion, the B-A-C-H motive. In 1937-38, a student of Schoenberg and a purveyor of serialism, Webern used a tonal row beginning with the B-A-C-H motive to create his piece Streichquartett, op 28. Each of the three modern composers uses this theme differently but they each have used these four notes to create a piece that connects each of them to Bach in a unique way.
Serial murder as defined by the FBI is, “[t]he unlawful killing of two or more victims by the same offender(s), in separate events" (Morton Robert J. Ed, & Hilts., Ed, 2005, p. 9). Numerous people disagree with the definition, this researcher included, since it lacks the cool- down period after they murder, which various people feel stands necessary for serial killer status. Serial killers remain a rare phenomenon. The FBI states, serial murder accounts for less than one percent of killings per year (Morton Robert J. Ed, & Hilts., Ed, 2005, p. 2). Nevertheless, throughout the years, countless people have researched serial killers since they commit such heinous crimes. Criminologists and researchers have been attempting to identify various
There are a set of variable elements, which distinguish the "serial" murder from the single-incident ("normal") murder, the "mass" murder, and the "spree" murder. The "mass" murder can be defined as an act in which a single assailant kills a number of people during a short period of time in roughly the same geographical location. The "spree" murder can be defined as a multiple number of killings, which take place during a short period of time, hours or days. The "serial" murder exhibits five distinct sets of characteristics, which help distinguish it from the "mass" murder and "spree" murder. First, the killings are repetitive ("serial") and often escalate over a period of time, sometimes years, which will continue until the killer is taken into custody, dies, or himself is killed. Second, the killings, like "normal" homicides, tend to be one-on-one. Third, there is no, or very little, connection between the perpetrator and the victim. Fourth, although there may be a "pattern," or "victim trait," individual murders within a series rarely display a clearly defined or rational motive. Fi...
A serial killer is a person whom everybody knows as a friend, a lover or even a father but no one knows about his killer instinct until it's to late. Serial killers have plagued this country and others for many years. They are hard to find and virtually undetectable until they start murdering the innocent.
...ryone around them; serial killers commit these terrible crimes because of the connectivity of their brains, or how they are brought up as a child. (1b: SV; SV, or SV.) The definition for the word “serial killer” is a series of three to ten murders, each with a period of rest. Serial killers stay in the minds of many people for years, if not the rest of their lives.