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Social and economic effects of the black death on Medieval Europe
Serf life on a manor in the middle ages
Serf life on a manor in the middle ages
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25 serfs per manor. More than a dozen manors. That’s more than 300 total serfs. A dozen manors, only one lady per manor. Serfs outnumbered ladies of the manor, 25 to one. Serfs and Ladies of the Manor. Two very different people, two very different lives. Serfs are not slaves, but they’re also not peasants. They’re something in-between. A stage between slavery and freedom. According to Lords and Ladies, they lived in windowless, one-room houses with a dirt floor and hay for beds. The houses were dark, drafty, sooty, and they had leaky roofs, due to the fact that they were poorly built. Medieval Living stated that serfs woke at first light to start their work. The serfs didn’t return from the fields until sundown, after ten or twelve hours of hard physical labor. Both males and females worked in the fields. However, the male serfs worked in the fields most of the time, while the females did laundry, baked, and watched the children. Serfs were also only allowed to work on the lord of the …show more content…
He could also make them work as hard as he wanted them to. Except, the risk of losing a serf was too high, especially since the Black Plague was going around. The Finer Times said that the health of a serf wasn’t anywhere near perfect. The water was polluted from the waste of the towns. Homes without bathrooms threw their waste into the gutter or in the streets and small businesses produced rotting garbage that attracted bacteria, rats, fleas, and flies. Medieval Times Info states that every four out of ten babies didn’t reach the age of five due to illness. The Black Plague spread to the manors and killed one-third of the population. Other than illness, hunger was a problem for the serfs. With everyone dropping like flies, there weren't that many serfs left to work in the fields, causing the crops to die out from not being able to get harvested or treated in time. The ladies of the manor had it easier, but not
One final effect that the Black Death had on Medieval Europe was that the demand for labor was high. Due to the death of many laborers, the chances of being employed were high. One piece of evidence stated,” the new winners, the people at the bottom of the social ladder, saw their one valuable asset-labor- increase dramatically in value, and with it their standard of living rise (Document 8).” Another piece of evidence to go along with it states,” Due to the shortage of workers all labor became very valuable and in-demand (Document
So the peasants were extremely poor at that time. After the Black Death, population decreased, serfs and peasants were able to move around and they had much more freedom than before. They were no longer belong to the lord, and had choices of who they would work for. Most peasants chose to work for high paid jobs. The landowners, in order to attract people to work for them, provided the workers tools, housing and land. “The worker farmed all he could and paid only the rent.” The better treatment of serfs weakened the manorialism, as well as the decline of nobles.The plague killed so many people, and even nobles could not escape. The wealthy families were incapable of continuing growing, because their descendants died. So their position could not be passed on. Many families extinct. To fix this problem, the government setted up a new inheritance law which allowed both sons and daughter inherited property.
Even if the ill-treatments did not manifest into physical or verbal abuse, the servants were exposed to crude surroundings. Among many factors included being malnourished, sleep deprivation, and/or overburden with hard manual labor. The indentured servants were treated like property instead of hard-working human beings. They could be bought and sold at any time.
Others were more like slaves. They owned nothing and were pledged to their local lord. They worked long days, 6 days a week, and often barely had enough food to survive”(“Middle Ages History”). Knights were above the peasants and they were given land granted by the barons in exchange for their military services if the king needed it. They were responsible for protecting the baron who granted them land as well as the baron’s family and the manor they lived at. The knights were able to keep any amount of land they were given, and they gave out the rest to the serfs. The lord, or baron, was above the knight in the social class divide. They were given land by the king and in return they showed loyalty to the monarch. They provided the king with fully equipped knights if the king needed some to serve. If the baron “did not have an army, sometimes they would pay the king a tax instead. This tax was called shield money”(“Middle Ages History”). The king was at the top of the feudal system and held the most power and wealth. The king could not maintain control over all the land in England so he divided the land up to the barons which eventually
Slaves were property and serfs were required to give most of their harvest and labor to their landlords, however even they “guaranteed subsistence” that a Proletariat did not, according to Engels’s “Draft of a Communist Confession of Faith”. The serf could work harder to increase his part of the harvest, however no matter how hard the Proletariat worked his wage would remain the same. The Proletariat was not owned like a slave to one master, however figuratively the Proletariat was a slave to the Bourgeois class, if they did not work, they did not eat
In the midst of the chaos it created, the Black Death weakened the archaic system of manorialism by causing an increase in the incomes of peasants. Manorialism was an economic system where a large class of serfs worked in the fields of the nobles in exchange for a small share of the crops. Due to the outbreak of the plague, however, there were not enough serfs for this approach to remain viable. The death of many serfs due to the Black Death meant that the ones who remained were able to ask for larger shares of the crops since their services were rare and thus more valuable. Further adding to the increase, many peasants whose requests were denied would often s...
The bird-like beak contained spices and vinegar-soaked cloth to mask the stench of death and decay.” And in the dark ages there was a lot of civil wars and invasions and to prove that (Doc 7) states “The barbarians have broken through the ramparts [defensive wall]. The Saracen [Moors] invasions have spread in successive waves over the South. The Hungarians [Magyars] swarm over the Eastern provinces….they sacked town and village, and laid waste in the fields. They burned the churches and then departed with a crowd of captives….There is no longer any trade, only unceasing terror….The peasant has abandoned his ravaged fields to avoid the violence of anarchy. The people have gone to cower [crouch down in fear] in the depths of the forests or in inaccessible regions, or have taken refuge in the high mountains….Society has no longer any government.” In the Dark ages life was hard as (Doc 2) states “The Manor was the economic side of feudalism. The manor was a mostly self-sufficient system in which the lord’s land (granted by the king) was farmed by his serfs (bound to the land). The manor included not just farmers, but also artisans who provided for the needs of the manor, a chapel, forest for hunting, and pastureland for farm
During the 1800s under Russia's feudal system, serfs were bound to the nobles land at which they worked. Serfs were known as an agricultural worker that were bound by the feudal system to work on their lord's estate.
A hierarchical society of Kings granting land to nobles, who would then give a fief to a knight in return for service. The knight would then have peasants or serfs working on their fief. However, as the plague spread, many peasants died and their labour could not be replaced. This loss of workforce had a significant impact upon the economy as grain was not being harvested and livestock roamed free. The agrarian economy had been severely damaged, the land became uncultivated and returned back to its natural state.
Servitude is a usual part of African ritual. Tribes would often use trade to obtain slaves by going to the head chief and trading for livestock. Not only did various tribes trade with the people of their countries, but with the Europeans of other nationalities as well. There were times that tribes would go to war and keep chiefs and prisoners of war were kept as slaves, to trade with European countries. Many times slaves were sold due to being punished, or to rape and other various crimes. Some were also forced into life of captivity. It was common for young individuals to be kidnapped and taken to a home of a common family to work and serve them. Many owners would treat their slaves fairly. The masters would own a piece of property and have an apartment for their own personal family along with a home for the enslaved family. Equiano talks about how many slaves owned their own slaves in some cases. If a family was wealthy enough, they would accommodate their property, meaning the slaves. They were a part of the owner’s family and were as brutally treated comparing to slaves of the Colonial U.S.
Women during this era might have been a lady of the manor, nun, free townswoman, etc. The Lady of the Manor was a woman who ran manors, farms, and castles. She normally dealt with the management of the land, crops, animals, property, workers, and legal arguments. This was always considered a ‘woman’s job.’ A woman could also be a nun.
There were three different types of social or slave classes. The first class consisted of the city slaves, who were primarily used as domestic labor. They worked around the houses or mansions of their wealthy masters; they were called the aristocrat slaves. The first class slaves could read and write, for they quickly noticed the language in the home setting (Dailylife). The second class was the town slaves. They were not just domestic slaves of the common citizen, but also skilled labor. They worked as mechanics, laborers, washwomen, etc. They, likewise, were somewhat educated. They were considered every freedman’s right hand man. In addition, they were sometimes hired and paid for their work. The payment was little, but a step toward abolishment. The final and largest slave class consisted of the field or rural slaves. They had little to no education and were primarily used as unskilled manual laborers. They were far below the two upper classes (Commager 467-469). The conditions they lived in were horrible, and their treatment was brutal (Boston; Conditions).
Life for the typical American slave in south was brutal, working from sun up to sundown. Each state or community had slave codes, since slaves were thought of as property. The living conditions for slaves were bleak, often living in shacks with many others. Having a family as a slave was a gamble, many families were split up and sold.
A manor also consisted of outbuildings that were used by serfs and laborers who maintained the manor and they included serf homes, stables where livestock was kept, barns for storing grains, storage sheds, and a kitchen located outside (Nardo 23, History Alive!, Cels 7). The many structures, jobs, and laborers helped the manor function as a self-sufficient estate that also helped to support