Are concepts theoretically and operationally defined?
Smith and Parker (2015) described the concepts of the Self Care Deficit Theory as: “self care, self care agency, therapeutic self care demand, self care deficit, nursing agency, and nursing systems” (p. 109). These concepts are thoroughly discussed and the theoretical and operational definitions are presented throughout the theory.
Self-care in general is the ability of a person to maintain basic needs required to sustain life. These basic needs are described by Orem as air, water, food, elimination, activity and rest, social interactions, prevention of hazards, and promotions of human functioning (Self Care Deficit Theory, n.d.). Self-care agency describes the ability of a person to meet these basic care needs. The concept of self-care agency is dependent on the individual in question. Factors that influence ability of self-care are biological, environmental and situational. An elderly person with multiple co morbidities requires a higher level of self-care than a person who has no significant health history or debility. Independent self-care is a deliberate action that requires compliance and the
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At some point in life there will be a time where one cannot independently provided self-care needs. A deficit of self-care is likely due to health debility and requires interventions set by nursing professionals. The need for nursing care arises when those who cannot do for themselves exist. The nursing agency and nursing systems is the knowledge required to practice nursing and the ability to apply knowledge to better patient outcomes. Nurses practice this daily by evaluating patient needs and setting short and long term goals for patients. Each of these concepts applies to the nursing process and can be theorized about extensively due to the ability to apply this theory and the concepts to a wide variety of patient
This entails that the professional nurse provide not only ordinary but extraordinary care and support to make it possible for these individuals to achieve their requirements for self-care. Furthermore, the professional nurse judiciously and collaboratively partakes in the individual’s health care provided by the medical doctor. Dorthea Orem understood that individuals possess the natural capability of self-care, and nurses have a duty to place emphasis on enhancing that capability. Nurses who deliver direct care can support these capabilities by offering learning opportunities and teaching methods that enhance self-care activities, therefore contributing a positive and encouraging influence on the individuals and caregivers quality of
These four concepts play a very important role throughout the care in every single patient we are in contact with. The concept of person is used to represent each individual patient, such as a man or a woman (Chitty & Black, 2014). In the nursing profession, we know that every person is different in their own way from many different factors such as, genetics and environment. As a nurse, we incorporate the different factors that make a person who they are today. According to Chitty & Black (2014), the concept of environment includes all the influences or factors that impact the individual. The environment plays an important role in either promoting or interfering with the patient’s health. The environment can consist of many different systems, such as family, cultural, social and community systems. All these different systems can play a role in the patient’s health. The third major concept of the metaparadigm is health. The concept of health varies from person to person and day-to-day with many different factors included (Chitty & Black, 2014). Health includes every part that makes a person whole, which includes being able to perform their everyday tasks in life effectively. The last concept of the metaparadigm is nursing. Nursing, being the final concept includes all the previous concepts of person, environment and health to create a holistic approach (Chitty & Black, 2014). The holistic approach promotes the well-being of the mind, body and spirit in our
This approach is based on four principles which are; to teach patients to assume their responsibility, to be well informed about their prevailing health issues, make them realize that their cooperation and willingness in treatment and prevention plan is in their own benefit and, let them take their own decisions. As narrated by Taylor (2006), Dorothea E. Orem's Self-care deficit theory of nursing emphasize that "People should be self-reliant and responsible for their
I chose to do a concept analysis on ‘Self-Care.’ The nursing theory that uses this concept is Orem’s theory of nursing. This theory is a grand theory and consists of three minor interrelated theories; self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems. (Parker & Smith 2010). Orem defines self-care as when an individual initiates activities and performs to maintain life, health and well-being on their own and self-care deficit as not meeting adequate self-care requisites which include “limitations for knowing, deciding and producing care to self or dependent. (Parker & Smith, 2010)
Nursing Nursing is a profession within the health care field. Nursing mainly focuses on personal, family as well as community care in ensuring they maintain and recover their health (Aiken et al., 647). Nurses can be distinguished from other providers of health care by their training, practice, and the approach towards patient care. Nursing involves the diversity of practice with practice scopes and prescriber authority levels. Traditionally, nurses provided health care under the supervision of physicians, but currently nurses are being observed as care providers.
There are three types of nursing theories, when it comes patient well-being all three types
The best way to look at nursing theories is like the foundational block. Nursing theories are important set the tone of how a nurse will practice. A nurse will use intuition, practice, past expertise and events, and couple with learned theories to work every day in order to give the best patient care. it is all the more important to appreciate what first advanced nursing beyond mechanisms of practice to becoming a knowledge-based force in healthcare: That force is nursing theory and the theoretical thinking and research that generate theory. The complexity and depth of nursing are reflected in its structure of knowledge, which includes discipline-specific components such as philosophies, theories, and research and practice methodologies”( Reed, 2006). Patient care is a wide topic, but a key role in a patient’s care is the patient themselves, an educated patient is vital to their well being and higher level of care.
One of the theories of nursing is Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory, also called the self-care deficit theory. Nursing theories are important for several reasons. The profession is strengthened when knowledge is built on sound theory (Black, 2014). Theory is important for reasoning, thinking, decision-making, and supporting excellence in practice (Black, 2014). Dorothea Orem’s theory is a conceptual model that provides a structure for critical thinking in the nursing process (Black, 2014). A conceptual model provides a comprehensive and holistic perspective of nursing (Black, 2014). Orem published her theory in 1959 and continued to develop her model, eventually formalizing three interrelated theories: theory of self-care, theory of self-care deficit, and theory of nursing system (Black, 2014). The focus of Orem’s model is the patient’s self-care capacity. The process helps to design a nursing process specific to each patient that will provide for the self-care deficit of the patient (Black, 2014). Self-care deficits exist when the patient has limitations and the self-care requirement is greater than he patient’s capacity (Manzini & Simonetti, 2009).
When planning and providing care for a patient, nurses can benefit from understanding and utilizing various nursing theories. They help us focus care, individualize treatment, identify risk factors, health care needs and educational needs. Nursing theories, such as Betty Neuman’s nursing systems model, can be used within the four concepts of the nursing metaparadigm to address all aspects of care. “In the United States, the nursing metaparadigm has been widely used to describe four spheres of nursing knowledge that reflect beliefs held by the profession about nursing’s context and content” (Myers Schim, Benkert, Bell, Walker, & Danford, 2007, p. 73).
Nursing entails self- directed and cooperative health care for the society at large in all contexts. It includes the promotion of appropriate practices to enhance health, prevention of diseases,
The majority of our society holds the notion that nurses are no more than trained professionals, working for a doctor, who simply provide medical care for the sick and informed. However, what nursing means to me goes deeper than that belief. Nursing is a profession in which individuals are responsible for not only the care of the sick and infirmed but are also responsible for being a support system and an educator, as well as an advocate for the promotion of optimal care. In today’s society, nurses are an important part of any medical facility’s investment. This paper will address the many different aspects of nursing in which nurse’s act as not only caregivers but also act as, counselors and educators.
Nursing theory can be applied to resolve nursing problems or issues, irrespective of the field of practice. A nursing theory benefits nurses and the patients that are in his or her charge. . Depending on the issue or problem that is needed to be solved determines what theory needs to be used. Nursing theory started with Florence Nightingale. She believed that a clean environment would promote better health. Virginia Henderson’s need theory emphasizes the need to ensure that the patient’s independence is being increased while in a health care facility. Ensuring that a patient can increase his or her independence allows for them to experience better outcomes upon discharge home. This is just two examples of nursing theories that were used
This type of theory is more concrete in nature. They are developed with the purpose to explain, predict and answer questions in regards to nursing. The concepts addressed often times bleed over from one field of nursing into another. (Meleis, 2012, chap. 3)
McEwen, M., & Wills, E. (2011). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (3 ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins.
Nursing theory can be used to empower nurses by giving autonomy and improve skills. With the rise of healthcare, administrative decisions involving nurses could have a negative effect on patient care. There are four concepts that make up the nursing metaparadigm, person, environment, health and nursing and act as the model for nursing care. All theories in the nursing practice proves valuable within the profession but may vary between different theorists depending on what their beliefs are. Some theorists can view the same situation entirely different. Both Rogers and Neuman were theorist that developed theories for viewing and caring for patients but in two different ways. Professionalization, coherence, and enhanced communication are three arguments when determining the importance of theory in nursing. Multi-disciplinary nursing becomes necessary to achieve positive patient