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Chapter 14 The parietal lobe
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Recommended: Chapter 14 The parietal lobe
In Scenario B, the study exploring which colours are visually significant, there are a few incorrect statements made about how humans process colour perception. It explains in the study that scientists believe the part of the brain that processes colour is the parietal lobe in the cerebral cortex. This is false as the true processing of colour occurs in the temporal lobe in the cerebral cortex. As defined in class, the temporal lobe processes mainly hearing, but also allows us to perceive a large variety of colours (2).
This study also talks about the rods and cones in the structure of the eye and are primarily to process the visual information being perceived. They claim that the rods are the cells in control of detecting colours while our
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There are different ways to analyze these methods to decide whether a study meets those expectations. In the past, procedures like the frontal lobotomy or electroshock therapy were being used to treat illnesses and diagnose problems. Today these methods are highly frowned upon as the psychology society has developed ways to analyze studies. They determine if the study’s findings are acceptable and ethical to all forms of life. In Scenario B, the study focuses on 12 participants, between the ages of 19 – 22 years old. Out of those 12, 75% of them were male and 25% were female. This can fall into the category of unrepresentative samples when using research methods. An unrepresentative sample is a group of participants or subjects that are being studied that may not embody the population proportionately. The researchers have used twice as many men in their study which could skew the results due to a lack of equality between genders. Another flaw is that there are only 12 participants in the entire study. The conclusions that are being drawn from these results are not capable of being applied to the entire population. This is because when such a small sample is tested, the researchers do not get a wide perspective of different ages, races, cultures and social interaction factors, for instance. Due to this generalization, the results that are concluded from the study are likely not applicable to a difference in population size and
The three primary colors - as far as light is concerned - are red, green, and blue. In order to "see" images, the human eye enables light to stimulate the retina (a neuro-membrane lining the inside of the back of the eye). The retina is made up of what are called rods and cones. The rods, located in the peripheral retina, give u...
The very first step to the “Nine Step Stairway to Effective Evaluation” is to define the research population. Population can mean anybody. So, it is needs to be clear as to who we are focusing on. The specification of the focused population is defined by the evaluation researcher. This can include, age, gender, race, culture, or socio-economic status just to name a few (DiClemente et al., 2013).
Another speaker, Margaret Livingstone delves into the visual aspect of our senses. Livingstone mentions how artists recognize things about vision that neuroscientists are not privy to until years later. Livingstone discussed the differentiation between color and lightness, and how the two contribute differently to a work of art. Color is thought of as “comparing activity” whereas light is thought of as “summing them.” Livingstone indicates that the visual system is subdivided into a ventral system and a dorsal system. The ventral system is responsible for object recognition, face recognition, and color. The dorsal system is responsible for navigating through the environment, special organization, and emotional recognition. The ability for humans to see distance and depth is carried via our colorblind part of our visual system. As a result, Livingstone concludes that one cannot see depth and shading unless the luminance is right to convey three-dimensional.
The pupil is where light can enter the eye. The iris is in control of the amount of light that actually goes through. The light reaches the lens, which alters the shape of it so the eye can focus on it. Light reaches the retina, which consists of cones and rods. Colors are saw differently based on their implied meanings, which to various psychological functions. The cones are responsible for color. The color red would have such an effect on people’s perception of others based on their production of affect, behavior and cognition. A sociocultural theorist would explain this effect by indicating that the associations with the color red are normal. When a student sees a plethora of red marks on their paper, they automatically think they failed the assignment. Biological theorist would best explain this theory by saying the color red helps them survive or reproduce. A man may be attracted to a woman more because she is wearing red. This attractiveness could cause him to find his mate and eventually reproduce. A behavioral theorist would explain this effect by saying the color red provokes pleasure and avoids pain. A person can associate red with romance and
It is said that because he chose his participants the findings are not accurate. However, researches have argued that Milgram’s study has been replicated in other cultures and the majority has come to the same conclusion (McLeod, 2007). Therefore, it is not believed the findings would be any different regardless of an ethnic or cultural group because other cultures have conducted the test and have the same conclusion. Furthermore, in some situations women may react differently than men. The gender of a person of the specific study was that of men, in which it would be difficult to determine if these findings are accurate for all of
Imagine yourself in an art museum. You wander slowly from cold room to cold room, analyzing colored canvases on stark white walls. When you reach a particular work, do you prefer to stand back and take everything in at once? Or do you move so close to the painting that the individual brushstrokes become apparent? Several different sensory processes occur in your brain during this trip to the art museum; the majority of them involve visual inputs. How does your brain put together all the information that your eyes receive? This raises questions ranging from depth of field to color. The ideas of color perception and color theory are interesting ones. How do humans account for color and does it truly exist? I think that by examining not only the neurological on-goings in the brain, but by learning about color through philosophy, and even art, a greater understanding of it can be reached.
2. The researcher does not want or need to generalize the results to a population.
He suggests that when analyzing colors and their role in brain processes, we are misinterpreting the way it should be understood. When we speak about these sensations that are synonymous with the brain processes, it should be said as “There is something going on which is like what is going on when ____,” (149). In the case of seeing red as mentioned before, the statement would appear as “There is something going on which is like what is going on when I have my eyes open, am awake, and there is an emission of red cast from an object, that is, when I really see red." Ultimately, I do not believe this response is an adequate answer to the objection. It appears that Smart is merely altering the linguistic nature of the question rather than providing a solution to the problem. This “something” neutralizes the difference between a brain process and a sensation without giving a sound reason as to why or how they would be considered identical rather than
Describe the differences in the results between the groups in the study and support your description with examples from the study
An inspection of the modern animal phyla will reveal that eyes are just as diverse as they are complex. Some organisms like the rag worm have pigmented cup eyes while other like he box jellyfish have two lens eyes and two pairs of pigment pit eyes. To account for the diversity in eye structure, we must first examine the eye ‘prototype’, the original structure that was acted upon by evolution. The simplest organ that can be considered an eye is composed of a single photoreceptor cell and a single pigment cell, without any lens or other refractive body (Arendt, 2003). Such organs are know as eyespots, and...
They predicted that the students would have a lack of knowledge when it came to the actual topic of rape and how it affects so many people. It also was to examine the understanding of rape laws and how that can change behaviors in students and young adults. When talking about the methodology of the studies, they did a pre-test, intervention, in a post-test. They only concerned the information of the law that relates to rape. In the first study, it involved students between the ages of 15 and 16 years old that were local students in London. It was about 70 to 30 percent women to men. They gave each student 25 questions that all related to the rape laws. Certain questions were about whether it was true or false in terms of legal or illegal acts of both parties. They randomized the answers throughout the study show that there was no correlation for the students to pick up on. The second study had two groups of students that were from a University and they were all first-year law degree students. It was almost to 30% male and 70% women. They did not have any rape law interventions before they did this study. They gave the students a questionnaire to answer privately what they thought were the right answers. Then afterwards, they were given an explanation of the answers. This second group was criminal law students who were also in a
However, categorical perception and its effects are not limited to auditory stimuli. As mentioned earlier, a categorical perception effect can also be seen in different kinds of visual stimuli.The perception of colors in a rainbow may be the most obvious example of CP. Even though a rainbow consists of many different wavelengths of visible light, observers only perceive distinct colors and not the full continuum of existing visible light (Goldstone, 2009). In addition to applying to relatively simple stimuli such as colors, categorical perception can also partially explain expertise in certain subject areas. Radiologists, for instance, are particularly skilled at spotting differences between X-Ray images. These experts have developed an ability to spot meaningful (cross-category)differences while minimizing irrelevant (within-category) ones (Goldstone, 1994). Categorical perception has also been demonstrated in facial expressions and basic shapes (Beale and Keil,
The study consisted of a significant number of females compared to males, which makes it invalid to conclude that the findings support the general population. A strength was that participants were selected at random. By doing so, the study remained unbiased, thus making the results more credible.
The father of quantitative analysis, Rene Descartes, thought that in order to know and understand something, you have to measure it (Kover, 2008). Quantitative research has two main types of sampling used, probabilistic and purposive. Probabilistic sampling is when there is equal chance of anyone within the studied population to be included. Purposive sampling is used when some benchmarks are used to replace the discrepancy among errors. The primary collection of data is from tests or standardized questionnaires, structured interviews, and closed-ended observational protocols. The secondary means for data collection includes official documents. In this study, the data is analyzed to test one or more expressed hypotheses. Descriptive and inferential analyses are the two types of data analysis used and advance from descriptive to inferential. The next step in the process is data interpretation, and the goal is to give meaning to the results in regards to the hypothesis the theory was derived from. Data interpretation techniques used are generalization, theory-driven, and interpretation of theory (Gelo, Braakmann, Benetka, 2008). The discussion should bring together findings and put them into context of the framework, guiding the study (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). The discussion should include an interpretation of the results; descriptions of themes, trends, and relationships; meanings of the results, and the limitations of the study. In the conclusion, one wants to end the study by providing a synopsis and final comments. It should include a summary of findings, recommendations, and future research (Black, Gray, Airasain, Hector, Hopkins, Nenty, Ouyang, n.d.). Deductive reasoning is used in studies...
One sub-system under the sensory system is the visual system; the main sense organs of this are the eyes. The eye is the sensory organ that allows us to detect light from external stimuli. When a light ray is detected, the eye converts these rays into electrical signals that can be sent to the brain in order to process the information and giv...