1.4 Sawdust The production of briquettes from sawdust and other agro-residues exemplifies the potential of appropriate technology for the utilisation of biomass residues which abound in large quantities in developing countries. However, compared to developed countries where successful briquette operations are mostly found, briquettes have not been widely adopted in developing countries due to the high cost of production, lack of awareness on its sustainability, lack of ready market and poor packaging and distribution systems for the product Emerhi, EA (2011) In Ghana, commercial production of sawdust briquette started in 1984. The production could not be sustained due to operational, marketing and standardisation challenges, though the briquettes had high prospect as an alternative to firewood and charcoal. However, accordingto Oladeji, JT (2010)besides overcoming marketing and operational challenges, if agro-waste briquettes are to be used efficiently as fuel, they must be characterised …show more content…
Now-a-days, the demand of textile products have increased dramatically and the latter caused proportional increase in textile industry and its wastewaters in India. There are more than 800 dyeing, bleaching and textile processing industries in Tiruppur that generate over 1,00,000 m3/day of textile effluent (Ranganathan et al., 2007). The dyeing process is carried out in aqueous bath with pH variations of 4 - 12. Various classes of dye stuffs are used to colour the processed cloth depending upon the specific requirement which include vat dyes, naphthols, sulphur dyes, direct dyes etc. The release of dyesinto the environment during textile fiber dyeing and finishing processes is a main source of water pollution. Individual wastewater treatment through physical, chemical or biological method is often very costly and results in large amount of
More than 17 million tonnes of fuel wood are consumed annually in Nepal, out of which less than 1% is commercialized. The rest is collected by the users free of cost from forests or their own cultivated land.
Can you imagine living in harsh dust, losing your mother and brother, and barely recognizing the man, sitting in front of you, is your father? In the novel, Out of the Dust, the author, Karen Hesse, reveals the theme of the novel is loss and grief. Karen Hesse unfolds the theme by using messages throughout the book to emphasize the hardship and power of the Dust Bowl.
Stephenson, R., & Blackburn, J. J. (1998). The Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook. New York: Lewis Publishers.
Among various options available for bio-energy, bio-diesel, bio-ethanol and biomass gasification are three major options, which have huge potential in India to develop as energy sources and where investments made would be economical. The objective of this Business Plan is to review the option of electricity generation through the use of biomass energy.
...ch is used to replace natural gas. He also stated that, among the equipment used to burn the biofuel, the suspension burner have the ability to exceed 99% efficiency and whole-tree burner can reduce the cost of harvesting and handling woody fuels by about 35% (Brown, 2003). Moreover, the usage of bio-energy in long term is to provide a degree of ecological balance and climate change, avoid acid rain, reduce soil erosion and minimize water pollution (Gevorkian, 2007). Therefore, biomass is environmental friendly like solar energy. Based on the research that has been carried out regarding the synthesis of gas from biomass, the gas gasifies in the internal combustion engine. The relative energy density of synthesis gas is higher than the fossil fuel under certain conditions. In addition, the relative flame speed of synthesis gas can reduce the time for spark ignition.
The textile manufacturing industry is one of the biggest industries in the world that is currently worth nearly three thousand trillion dollars. The industry is constantly growing with the wants from consumers around the world. In order to meet and satisfy these wants from customer, “Development in the textile and clothing industry has focused on technological and cost aspects. Emphasis has been placed on keeping the price of the final product low and increasing efficiency in production.” (Niinimaki & Hassi, 2010, p. 1876) At the same time, with this expansion of the textile manufacturing industry and its consumption, pollution, climate change, fossil fuel and raw material depletion, and water pollution and shortage are constantly occurring
...process adds from 10 to 15 percent to the price of the fabric, industries still save money because more products can be made in less time. Therefore increasing profits, as well as, reflecting the savings onto the consumers. Other advantages of ‘biostoning’ include, enzymes can be recycled, reduced strain on the industrial washing machines, shorter treatment times, and imperfections are significantly reduced, hence increasing productivity and efficiency. Consequently, this saves the environment by reducing water consumption and waste pollution. The elimination of pumice powder and dust creates a less intensive and safer working condition. However, one problem with biostoning was "back staining" this occurs when loosened dye particles redeposit onto the surface of the fabric, causing discoloration. Such setback can be immensely reduced by optimizing running conditions.
First of all, the fibres can classified as natural or man-made fibres. Natural fibres are those obtained from the natural resources on the environment, whereas the man-made fibres could be synthetic or regenerated fibres. Synthetic fibres are completely made from chemicals while regenerated fibres are those originally from natural resources unsuitable to be used as fibres directly, processed chemically to be changed into textile fibres. In this assignment, we will study on the general textile manufacturing processes as listed below. Then, it is hoped that the knowledge on general process could help us understand more on the industry as well to relate it with the environment.
Biomass gasification is a process by which biofuel is produced. It has been used for over 180 years but in the last decades it has been reconsidered as an interesting technique due to the fact that oil supplies are decreasing. As mentioned before, gasification is a thermal process. Heat is added up in order to convert the organic mass to biofuel. The biomass usually undergoes drying, pyrolysis, partial oxidation and reduction. Nowadays the configurations used for gasification are three: fixed bed gasifier, fluidized bed gasifier and entrained bed gasifiers. The simplest configuration is the
One of the ways are to find a product which contains less toxic chemicals or make laundry detergents at home. Fragrance-free and no color fade detergents are generally less toxic. Homemade detergents would be a better option since it would avoid all the risky substances, and help keep your environment clean. Your clothes will also last longer since natural laundry detergents can wash your clothes and protect the colors from running or fading. You can make sure that our environment would be safe since the chemical found in homemade laundry detergents are less toxic so when it becomes one with the waste water and flows into the stream, it won’t cause too much harm to the aquatic
Burning waste is not good at all for human health. It’s disturbing smell cause by burning plastic, rubber and some other artificial object can cause lot of trouble...
This process is used for forming fine particles into a geometric shape and practically identical weight and it increases the density of bulky materials. It is considered as an energy and waste control measure in the production of briquetted from any biomass wastes. However, depending on the wastes of interest, briquetting can be used as fuel source
Improvement and upgrading of wastewater treatment processes and also the need to reduce the environmental factors make the use of tertiary wastewater treatment important.
Solid waste can be classified in different types, depending on their source, household waste is generally classified as municipal waste; industrial waste as hazardous waste or hospital waste as infections waste. It quite obvious that South Africa environment is deteriorated by the illegal dumping area that around here. Solid waste is a major problem this country is facing at the moment. The province that is experience this major problem is Gauteng province, this an urban area am taking about, and since it’s clear that over population is the cause of the problem. Gauteng province is an over populated than rural area .solid waste pollution is refuse or garbage that people use in their everyday life in their house, such as plastic
Long ago, washing clothes was done through the process of rubbing sand on clothes, or by smashing the article of clothing with hard rocks. Also, by dipping clothing in water which removed excess dirt. Another way to get clothes clean long ago was, boats used to carry clothes in bags and dragged the bags in the water to clean the clothes or whatever else was in the bag. Many tried to think of simpler ways to wash clothes, but there was no troubled principle to get clothes clean. For using water to remove dirt was the base principle. Some of the first washing machines were hand operated and were wash boards. Then, in 1858 was when mechanical washing machines became introduced. This was a big step, for soon people around the world would try to keep improving this marvelous invention. Shortly after, Alva Fisher was said to have made the worlds first electric washing machine around 1907. “It was not until the modern washing machine was invented that women were freed from this hard work” ( Field Enterprises Educational Corporation 45 ). However, many ...