What are muscle wasting diseases? Sarcopenia is a degenerative condition causing the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass resulting in decreased strength, which can have pronounced effects on the lives of the elderly What do we use and why? Mouse myoblast cells (C2C12) grow quickly and are easily treated with polyamines. Who is effected? Sarcopenia affects up to 60% of individuals over 80 years of age and is associated with increased disability (13). Furthermore, sarcopenia associated with aging is an important public health issue as it contributes to impaired physical function, increased risk of falls and fractures, dependency and even death. In 2007 alone, 5 out of every 100,000 males ages 5-24 years were affected with muscular dystrophy2. How will it help people? A deeper understanding of the mechanism through which testosterone alters growth of myocytes would allow researchers to potentially employ a treatment with the same efficacy but without the side effects. It is likely that the aging population will suffer from Treatment with 10 nM TBA significantly (P > 0.05) increases the …show more content…
However, individuals suffering from muscle wasting conditions, such as sarcopenia, cannot use TBA to treat their condition due to undesirable side effects. Recent research indicates that testosterone enhances skeletal muscle growth through alterations to the polyamine (PA) biosynthetic pathway. In order to determine the role that testosterone and polyamines have on skeletal muscle growth, we treated mouse myoblast cells (C2C12) with differing concentrations of TBA, the PA precursor ornithine (ORN), and the three polyamines: putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPE) and analyzed proliferation rate. We hypothesize muscle cell cultures induced to differentiate in the presence of ornithine, putrescine, spermidine and spermine will have enhanced
Fatigue, decreased mobility and impaired balance from the rheumatoid and osteoarthritis pain also increases the risk of falls (Stanmore et al., 2013). Age related changes such as sarcopenia causes muscle tone and strength to decrease, especially in the lower limbs and as a result, balance and gait become impaired (Culross, 2008). These factors significantly influence the risk of falls and also affect the ability to carry out daily activities therefore, with a physiotherapists assistance, the nurse could introduce a personalised exercise regime to enhance muscle tone and strength (Culross, 2008). According to Neuberger et al (1997), exercise lessens fatigue and improves muscle tone and balance in older people. Recommending an exercise programme for Mrs Jones that incorporates strength training exercises and aerobics, could potentially improve muscle tone and strength and as a result improve mobility, balance and lessen the risk of falls (Bird, Pittaway, Cuisick, Rattray & Ahuja, 2013). The nurse could also suggest safety precautions such as advising Mrs Jones to use a mobility aid (Gooberman-Hill & Ebrahim,
Sarcopenia is one of many diagnoses from Mr. F’s medical chart. I know the purpose of this assignment isto focus on sarcopenia. However, I have to admit, I find this task quite challenging. The ultimate goal of my treatment is to engage Mr. F in “occupations” and purposeful activities. I not only address one specific diagnosis, but also his individual physical, emotional, cognitive performance as well as his environment. To me the ICF model offers dynamic understanding of disability not as individual diagnosis but an intricate weave of personal, social and environmental factors. I agree that treatment of sarcopenia for Mr. F is important. The changes in muscle properties and performance have significant effects on his ability to engage in meaningful occupations. However, increased muscle mass would never be the primary focus of my treatment. The desired outcome of my intervention would improve his occupational performance in self-care activities and functional mobility allowing him to return to his prior level of function, facilitating his satisfaction with his performance and improving his quality of life through role competence relating to husband and self-caregiver.
Several effects of steroid use have been identified. These include an increase in low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and a decrease in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. These lipid changes if allowed to continue over long periods of time could result in coronary heart disease (6). Some other side effects of steroids in men include shrinking of the testicles; reduced sperm count, infertility, baldness, development of breasts, and increased risk of pro...
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (Progeria or HGPS) is a rare genetic mutation that is characterised by premature aging. Only 40 cases have been recognized worldwide. It is characterised by medical features that develop in childhood and they resemble some features of accelerated aging. (Eriksson, 2003) The name “Progeria” comes from the Greek and it means “prematurely old.” There are different types of Progeria, but this is the classic type and was named after the doctors who first discovered it.
Although steroids have many negative effects, they have many needed medical purposes. Androgens have many legitimate medical uses, such as the use for treatment of hypogonadal men to compensate for the lack of endogenous production. Anabolic steroids are also helpful for the treatment of certain adolescent diseases, some types of anemias, and for a relatively rare form of edema. Other clinical uses focus on the tissue building and anti-catabolic effects, such as in the treatment of burn victims, AIDS, or HIV positive patients, or patients malnourished from disease or old age (Bellino 1).
The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that health conditions associated with the ageing process are arthritis, stroke, heart disease, cancer and diabetes. These health concerns can be avoided...
A healthy diet may help to prevent certain chronic long-term conditions such as heart disease, type 2 diabetes and may reduce the risk of developing certain cancers. Nutrition information offers a public health tool that could be used to promote informed consumer choice and aid consumption of a healthy diet. However millions of women chose to take dietary supplements to maintain good health, ease illnesses and defy ageing. Supplements are also used as a medication in women with decreased iron stores, because of menses and pregnancies (Anderson & Fitzgerald, 2010). The main aim of the research project is to explore the motivations surrounding the use of nutritional information among young women and relate this information to the choice to use supplements. This is important to women’s health and the topic of nutrition as a large amount of money is spent on both food and supplements. When nursing patients with a wide range of different conditions nutrition is the foundation of all treatment. It also reduces mortality, relapses and subsequent hospital admissions. The complexity of this subjective person and objective body aligned philosophically as interpretivism and positivism respectively reinforces the importance of both qualitative and quantitative approaches contributing to understanding of this (Gerrish and Lacey 2006). Nutrition is also crucial in health and social policy financially through reduction in readmissions which will reduce costs for practice as obesity and poor diet cost the NHS billions of pounds every year (Department Of Health, 2013).
The pancreas is one of the essential organs in the human body and belongs in the Digestive system. Out of all the internal organs, the pancreas is unique because the pancreas plays a role in both the endocrine gland and the exocrine gland. This means that the pancreas is a dual function gland in which is the reason why the pancreas is such a vital part of the digestive system. This research paper will talk about the anatomy, physiology, and the important functions the pancreas play to maintain homeostasis.
A number of factors influence the nutritional status of the elderly. First, several physiological changes impact elderly nutritional requirements. Changes in taste and smell may decrease an individual's appetite or desire for food. Gastro-intestinal motility decreases with age and may lead to constipation, decreased nutrient absorption, and a decrease in fat and protein absorption. Metabolism also slows with age; this results in a decrease of lean body mass and an increase in body fat (8). Lastly, bone mass decreases, leaving the elderly vulnerable to bone fractures from falls and osteoporosis.
Steroids increase the rate of protein synthesis within the cells. Athletes use anabolic steroids; Anabolic steroids resemble androgenic hormones such as testosterone (2). These steroids enhance weight gain, speed, power, and aggressiveness. The intake of anabolic steroids induces an increase in muscle size by both hypertrophy and the formation of new muscle fibers (1). Anabolic steroids have an androgenic and anabolic effects, which are essentially the male hormone testosterone. Androgenic eff...
Steidle, C. "AA2500 Testosterone Gel Normalizes Androgen Levels in Aging Males with Improvements in Body Composition and Sexual Function." Review. n.d.: n. pag.The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. June 2003. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. .
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance or both reasons. (1) According to that diabetes mellitus can be divided as type I and type II. This is common and its incidence is rising, 171 million people had diabetes in 2000 it is expected this condition to be doubled in 2030. It is spread in all the countries and therefore has become a major burden upon healthcare facilities. (2)
Gremeaux, Vincent, Mathieu Gayda, Romuald Lepers, Philippe Sosner, Martin Juneau, and Anil Nigam. "Exercise and Longevity." Maturitas 73.4 (2012): 312-17.ScienceDirect. Web. 26 Feb. 2014.
Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of diseases that affect how your body uses blood glucose, commonly called blood sugar. Glucose is vital to your health because it's an important source of energy for the cells that make up your muscles and tissues. Glucose comes from two different sources, your liver and food. It's also your brain's main source of fuel. Glucose is made and stored in the liver. When your blood sugar gets low then your liver will use the stored glucose to keep your blood sugar level normal. If you have diabetes it means you have too much glucose in your blood. This is where insulin comes in. Diabetes is a growing epidemic in America's many nutritional diseases. There are a few factors that can cause or increase a person's chance of getting diabetes. Poor nutritional choices are a big factor in the cause of diabetes. The sad part is the increase is happening to the young children and teenagers in America. I will talk about what diabetes is, the increase in diabetes and why it’s so high, the complications that follow the diagnosis, and how it can be treated or reduced with diet and exercise.
Lack of physical body exercises; basing on their tight schedules, most adults allocate little time or none at all for body exercises, subjecting themselves to cardiovascular body problems which may trigger harmful cases such heart attack, high blood pressure, heart/kidney failure, among others. Moreover, body exercises also enhance the functioning of body systems, organs, tissues and cells, which is instrumental for the health of adults. This can be improved through deliberate support to old individuals, and creation of awareness for them to embrace