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Religion and politics in india
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Religious faiths and beliefs in india
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St. Kateri Tekakwitha, who is also known as “Lily of the Mohawks”, “Genevieve of New France”, and “Pocahontas of the Catholic Church”, was born approximately in the year 1656 near Auriesville, New York, into the Mohawk tribe of the Iroquois Confederacy. Due to her being born such a long time ago, some details about her early life are uncertain. Her father was a mighty and well-respected Mohawk warrior, and some even suspect that he was chief of the tribe. Tekakwitha’s mother’s background is almost completely unknown. Some speculate that she was a Christian Algonquin, who was captured by an Iroquois, but saved by Tekakwitha’s father.
One thing everyone can agree on is that Tekakwitha’s father, mother, and brother died of small pox when she was only four. She did not escape death’s grips unscathed, the disease disfigured her face and her eyesight was impaired. In Native American culture, it is not uncommon to earn your name from characteristics, so it is believed that Tekakwitha can be translated to “One Who Bumps Into Things”, as stated on page 18 of Emily Cavins’s Lily of the Mohawks.
After Tekakwitha’s parents passed away, her two aunts and more notably, her uncle, who is believed by some to be chief of the Turtle clan, took her in. Since there aren’t many records of her life at this point, there are only educated guesses of what her childhood into her mid-teen years held in store for Tekakwitha.
One theory is that Tekakwitha’s uncle opposed Christianity, and that she learned the ways and teachings of the Catholic Church in secret. Other clan members scorned her, but her uncle finally came to realize her passion for Christ and gave her his blessing to be baptized, as long as she stayed in the clan’s village. After a while, th...
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....com. Rome Reports, 24 Oct. 2012. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. .
2. Cavins, Emily. Lily of the Mohawks. Cincinnati, OH: Servant, 2013. Print.
3. "Kateri's Pathway to Sainthood." Katerishrine.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. .
4. Lavanga, Claudio. "Kateri Tekakwitha Named First Native American Saint in Vatican Ceremony." Newsgroup. Worldnews.nbcnews.com. NBC News, 21 Oct. 2012. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. .
5. "St. Kateri Tekakwitha." Catholic.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. .
6. "St. Kateri Tekakwitha." Ewtn.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. .
“Tracing a single Native American family from the 1780’s through the 1920’s posed a number of challenges,” for Claudio Saunt, author of Black, White, and Indian: Race and the Unmaking of an American Family. (pg. 217) A family tree is comprised of genealogical data that has many branches that take form by twisting, turning, and attempting to accurately represent descendants from the oldest to the youngest. “The Grayson family of the Creek Nation traces its origins to the late 1700’s, when Robert Grierson, a Scotsman, and Sinnugee, a Creek woman, settled down together in what is now north-central Alabama. Today, their descendants number in the thousands and have scores of surnames.” (pg. 3)
History has not been kind to Tenskwatawa, otherwise known as Lalawethika or The Prophet. He is inevitably compared to his heroic brother Tecumseh and fails to measure up in both physical and moral stature. He seems hidden in the shade of his brother's name, whereas his brother would never have had the stature he received if it were not for The Prophet's religion of classical Indian heritage. Lalawethika seemed to be plentiful of both physical and social shortcomings. An unimpressive-looking man of below-average height, fond of wearing jewelry, especially small medals, which he hung from his pierced nose and ears. His most striking physical characteristic was his damaged right eye, which was permanently closed after he injured it with a bow and arrow. Lalawethika was not a likable person. He was not accepted by the other Shawnee youths and refused to take part in traditionally prestigious male activities such as hunting and fighting. As a young man he boasted of his abilities but seemed to lack anyambition. He attempted to compensate for his misfortunes but was only counterproductive in making "a truculent, bragging personality that earned him his nickname Lalawethika (The Rattle or Noisemaker)" (p. 73). Two activities Lalawethika liked were drinking and talking. He wasn't as gifted a speaker as his brother Tecumseh, but he was nonetheless manipulative and forceful. Using these qualities he became a medicine man in Tecumseh's village. Lalawethika's transformation from a lazy drunkard into a powerful spiritual leader came after a dream in which he claimed to have been visited by the Great Spirit.
In “A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson,” Mary Rowlandson, a Puritan mother from Lancaster, Massachusetts, recounts the invasion of her town by Indians in 1676 during “King Philip’s War,” when the Indians attempted to regain their tribal lands. She describes the period of time where she is held under captivity by the Indians, and the dire circumstances under which she lives. During these terrible weeks, Mary Rowlandson deals with the death of her youngest child, the absence of her Christian family and friends, the terrible conditions that she must survive, and her struggle to maintain her faith in God. She also learns how to cope with the Indians amongst whom she lives, which causes her attitude towards them to undergo several changes. At first, she is utterly appalled by their lifestyle and actions, but as time passes she grows dependent upon them, and by the end of her captivity, she almost admires their ability to survive the harshest times with a very minimal amount of possessions and resources. Despite her growing awe of the Indian lifestyle, her attitude towards them always maintains a view that they are the “enemy.”
La Malinche, also called Malintzin, Malinalli or Doña Marina, was a Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. “She was born into a noble family sometime between 1496 and 1501 in the Paynalla province in Coatzacoalcos, in the Veracruz region of southern Mexico” (“Creator or traitor”). Pocahontas was born around 1595; she was the daughter of Wahunsenaca (Chief Powhatan). Her name was Matoaka, but she was called by her nickname Pocahontas, which means “Little Wanton” (“Pocahontas 1595 – 1617”). She lived in eastern North America, present day Virginia. These women belonged to different region of America and different time. Malinche had contact with Spanish conquerors and Pocahontas was related to English conquerors.
Sioux as told through John G. Neihardt, an Indian boy then a warrior, and Holy Man
Kugel, Rebecca, and Lucy Eldersveld Murphy. Native women's history in eastern North America before 1900: a guide to research and writing. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
7. Starr, Emmet. History of the Cherokee Indians and Their Legends and Folk Lore. Baltimore, MD: Genealogical Pub., 2003. Print.
Cherokee Indians “Memorial of Protest of the Cherokee Nation, June 22, 1836” in The Cherokee Removal: A Brief History with Documents, ed. Theda Perdue and Michael D. Green (Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2005), 87
Johansen, Bruce E., Pritzker, Barrym. Ed. Encyclopedia of American Indian History. Vol I. Santa Barbara: ABC.CLIO Inc, 2005. Print.
- - - . Native Religions of North America: The Power of Visions and Fertility. New York: Harper & Row, 1987.
Catherine of Siena was born in Italy in 1347 at a time when political and religious changes were affecting the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Dedicating her life to the Holy Spirit from a very young age, Catherine pursued a life of purity and simplicity that served as a background to her great literary work, The Dialogue of the Divine Providence . Her work focuses on the importance of prayer and its transcendent power in human life.
Doxtator, Deborah. Excerpts from Fluffs and Feathers: An Exhibit on the Symbols of Indianness, A Resource Guide. 1988. Revised edition. Brantford, Ontario: Woodland Cultural Centre, 1992. 12-14. Print.
Saint Catherine of Siena is the saint that I have chosen to be my saint. She was very interesting to me, and her story was very intriguing. She is the patron saint of fire prevention, bodily ills, sick people, miscarriages, nurses, and illness. She was canonized in 1461 by Pope Pius II. Her feast day is now celebrated on April 29.
Francis of Assisi lived about eight hundred years ago. He was born in the city of Assisi, Italy, in 1182. He was the son of Piero of Bernadone, who was a wealthy merchant. He received a education and seemed to follow his father's footsteps as a wealthy merchant. In 1201 he took part in an attack on Perugia, was taken hostage, and remained a captive there for a year. After his release, Francis joined the army but couldn't complete his time because he got sick. This period of time would change his life forever. During his sickness, Francis would spend hours meditating on the Lord in an old church, and he felt God drawing near to him. Some people come to Jesus with a memorable experience, but others come to Christ through a process. Francis' conversion wasn't an overnight experience, but it was definitely real.
Aotearoa is the home to Te reo Maori where is should be promoted and encouraged. In fact, Te Whāriki and New Zealand Early Childhood curriculum acknowledge Te reo Maori by encouraging the teachers to promote and implement it in early childhood settings allowing all children the opportunity to understand and develop an understanding of Maori heritages; Te reo, and partnership to Te Tiriti of Waitangi(Ministry of Education [M...