This essay will be about the disease gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis is the inflammation of a human’s stomach and intestines. Rotavirus is the most common viral infectious agent responsible for causing gastroenteritis in children. In 1972, norovirus was identified as the first virus causing gastroenteritis. After this discovery, other viruses causing gastroenteritis were discovered, such as rotavirus, adenoviruses, calicivirus, and astrovirus. Before vaccines were introduced in 2006, Rotavirus was the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children.
Rotaviruses are 70-nm non-enveloped RNA viruses in the family Reoviridae, and they have a wheel-like shape. The viral nucleocapsid contains eleven segments of double-stranded RNA enclosed by three concentric shells. Rotavirus infects the small intestine by releasing an enterotoxin and destroying the epithelial surface, resulting in blunted villi, and shedding of massive quantities of the virus in stool. Rotaviruses are shed in high
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Several commercial test kits are available that detect an antigen common to human rotaviruses. These kits are simple to use, inexpensive, and very sensitive. Rotavirus antigen can also be identified in the serum of patients 3-7 days after disease onset, but routine diagnostic testing is based primarily on the testing of stool specimens.
There are currently two Rotavirus vaccines available to help prevent rotavirus illness and both vaccines are given orally. RotaTeq (RV5) is given in 3 doses to children when they are 2 months old, 4 months old, and 6 months old. Rotarix (RV1) is given in 2 doses to children when they reach the ages of 2 months and 4 months. Handwashing also helps prevent the spread of rotavirus. There are no treatments for rotavirus infection since antibiotics cannot treat virus
[1, 4, 5, 9, 13] There have been no documented cases where a human has contracted the disease from another human. [4] It appears, based on field and lab data, that infection requires direct contact with the virus through means such as contact with infective bodily secretions, urine, or tissues. [12] It is unknown to scientists how the virus can be maintained in the bat populations and avoids extinction as the host species becomes immune to its presence. [14] The incubation period from time of infection to the onset of symptoms is about 5-14 days in experimentally induced animals [4] and 8-14 days in natural field cases.
(What is....2016). The first documented case of Crohn’s disease suspected was King Alfred in 850 A.D. This disease is named after a Jewish man named Dr. Burrill Bernard Crohn (1884-1983) who became interested in the condition as his father, also a Dr, suffered from a disorder of the bowel. He devoted his career to “regional enteritis” the disease that now bares his name. It is necessary to understand the disease to be able to provide care for people who are afflicted by it (de Campos and Kotze 2013). Especially since Crohn’s is a chronic disease or a lifelong affliction it’s important to understand etiology, it’s symptoms, treatments, and to maintain the disease and the psychological well being of the patient managed (Crohn’s...2015).
A vaccine for Hepatitis A has been available in the US since 1996. Commonly children will become immunized between the ages of 12 to 23 months, however an adult can also be vaccinated at any time. Traveling out of the country, using illegal drugs, homosexual men, and anyone who comes in contact with an infected person or animal are recommended to be immunized. The final way hepatitis A can be prevented is with immune globulin.
Bloodborne pathogens are viruses that deteriorate cells within the body. A virus is a submicroscopic parasitic organism that feeds on cells. Viruses are dependent on cells for their nutrients so the virus survive and reproduce. Every virus consists of either deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). A virus can contain a strand of one or the other, but not both. This RNA or DNA is contained within a protein shell for protection. A virus is a parasite that is dependent upon cells for metabolic and reproductive requirements. By using the cell the virus makes the host very ill by redirecting cellular activity to make more viruses.
...ion’s recommended immunization schedules for aged 0 through 18 years, the following vaccinations should be considered:
Hepatitis A virus, until 1 week after onset of illness or as directed by the health department when passive immunoprophylaxis (currently, immune serum globulin) has been administered to appropriate children and staff and a licensed physician states in writing the child may
The virus is primarily spherical shaped and roughly 200nm in size, surrounded by a host-cell derived membrane. Its genome is minus-sense single-stranded RNA 16-18 kb in length. It contains matrix protein inside the envelope, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, fusion protein, nucleocapsid protein, and L and P proteins to form the RNA polymerase. The host-cell receptors on the outside are hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The virus is allowed to enter the cell when the hemagglutinin/ neuraminidase glycoproteins fuse with the sialic acid on the surface of the host cell, and the capsid enters the cytoplasm. The infected cells express the fusion protein from the virus, and this links the host cells together to create syncitia.
Viruses can be transmitted in many ways. Being in contact with an infected person will most likely transfer the virus. One can also obtain the virus through swallowing, inhaling, and unsafe sex. Poor hygiene and eating habits usually increase the risk of catching a viral infection. Contracting a viral infection is followed by adverse s...
People traveling to the tropical region must carry a certificate stating that they have received the vaccination, which is good for 10 years, so that the local government is aware that the person has absolutely no risk of contracting this extremely deadly virus.
When I analyzed my case study I knew my patients had something in the bowel system or nervous system. My first thought was a stomach flu because like everyone in my family including myself has had the stomach flu and these symptoms of high fever, nausea, headache and fatigue are very similar to a stomach virus. One thing that made me rethink about my diagnosis was that I don’t recall a stiff neck being associated with a stomach virus. A stiff neck, however, is associated with the nervous system which makes it much more serious. As I did more research I was lead to believe that it must be a bacterial infection that must have been contracted through either sharing drinks, sneezing or coughing, because for 5 kids out of a school of 900 students for them to have these symptoms they must have been related to each other or have been very close friends.
The disease, cholera, is an infection of the intestines, caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. As stated in Microbes and Infections of the Gut, the bacterium is “a Gram-negative, comma- shaped, highly motile organism with a single terminal flagellum” (105). Cholera is characterized by the most significant symptom that presents with the disease, diarrhea, and victims can lose up to twenty liters of body fluids in a day. Cholera can be a serious disease, due to the serious dehydration that can occur, but it is only fatal if treatment is not administered as soon as possible. This research paper includes information on the causes of cholera, symptoms, ways of treatment, studies of treatments, complications that may occur, the tests and diagnosis for cholera, and finally, the ways the cholera bacterium may be transmitted.
The most commonly recognized food borne infections are those caused by the bacteria Campylobacter, Salmonella, and E. coli 0157:H7, and by a group of viruses called Calicivirus, also know as the Norwalk viruses. “Thousands of types of bacteria are naturally present in our environment, but not all bacteria cause disease in humans.” (Schmutz 1)
The majority of the diseases arises from abnormal functioning of the digestive fire, which rightly central to health. Digestive fire plays, plays vital role in the absorption of macro and micronutrients. It is needed for is destructive of pathogens. The food that in not digested
Cholera is not particularly easy to catch. Although the microorganisms must have been plentiful during the nineteenth-century epidemics, many people probably ingested them without harm, for human stomach acids often kill the organisms before they reach the intestines where the trouble starts.
You can also take pain relievers that will help with the pain in certain body parts .There is really not a lot of things that you can do such as changing your lifestyle or nutrition because once again it's a viral infection . Anyone can get the disease but it might infect kids , elders , or people with a very weak immune system . After the huge polio outbreak most people in the higher income countries was forced to get vaccinated , but in other countries that are low income did have to resources o get vaccinated so they have a higher chance to get it . Polio is no longer that common as it use to be a few years back