In my opinion, one of the scariest pathogenic viruses is the human rotavirus disease. Rotavirus is a disease that causes an infection in the intestines, and it is most common in infants and young children – however, anyone can be infected with rotavirus. Symptoms of rotavirus can include severe watery diarrhea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal pain. The diarrhea and vomiting can last anywhere from 3 to 8 days, which could potentially, and more dangerously, lead to dehydration.
According to the CDC, there are approximately 111 million cases of gastroenteritis (stomach flu) that is caused by rotavirus reported every year. Throughout all countries, it is estimated that 440,000 children who contract rotavirus die each year from complications of the virus. In the United States, the CDC says approximately 20 to 60 children under the age of 5 die every year from untreated dehydration caused by rotavirus.
There is no specific medication to treat the rotavirus infection, but there are many remedies to treat the symptoms. One of the best ways to treat dehydration (the main concern of rotavirus) is to drink fluids. I believe that this virus is scary because it mainly effects young children under the age of 5, and while there are vaccines to prevent this virus, children can still be infected if they are exposed.
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When the body contracts a virus, the epithelial cells respond to the viral attack and produce antiviral compounds such as interferons (IFNs), specifically INFs type I and III. In the experiments conducted, it was concluded that the active human rotavirus has the ability to suppress the production of most of the IFN proteins – which are the molecules that carry out the job of controlling the virus’
In 1918-1919, the worst flu in recorded history occurred, killing an estimated 50 million people worldwide. The U.S. death toll was 675,000 - five times the number of U.S. soldiers killed in World War I. Crazy! This flu was unlike any other, and in infected unlike any other. Not to mention, the progression of this illness was extremely quick. One minute you’re fine and the next you’re suffering from a high-grade fever and lying on your death bed.
The medical field is a vast land of beauty, but with great beauty comes immense horror. There are many deadly viruses and diseases found in the medical field. In the novel, The Hot Zone by Richard Preston, the author discusses the many deadly viruses found in the field. The viruses are widespread due to the errors that occur when the viruses are in the presence of human beings. The effects of the errors performed by the human race include a decrease in population and wildlife.
Treatment: Chemotherapy is on treatment method. Most infected people benefit from the treatments. To of the best drugs for treatment are Praziquantel and Oxamniquine. The side effects are mild and transient, some of then are as followed:
...rticular protein, called MAVS, which is key to our innate ability to fight certain viral infections, acquires a self-perpetuating fibrillar form in cells that have become infected with virus and amplifies the cellular alarm signal. [7] This ultimately induces the production of interferons that recruit macrophages to combat the infection. [7]
By searching for the causative agent of infectious disease the focus can then be shifted into discovering preventative and treatment of the disease. Examples of this process are the outbreak of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). As published by McEwen & Wills (2011), BSE was identified as a protein transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated meat. Prevention and interventions were created as a result of the discovery of the protein. Comparably, AIDS, was first identified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in September of 1982, however, months passed before the causative agent was deemed a retrovirus later to be determined the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Even before the virus was isolated methods of transmission was recognized and interventions were acknowledged (McEwen & Wills, 2011).
In 1918 to 1919 a flu pandemic broke out known as the Spanish flu. A majority of the people who caught this illness passed on quickly. Others passed on from complications caused by bacteria. An estimated twenty to forty percent of the world’s population contracted the illness.
I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Health and Economic Burdens of Norovirus Disease – The health burden of foodborne norovirus is significant (Painter et al., 2013). Norovirus causes a significant morbidity in terms of the number of outbreaks and associated illnesses each year in the United States. Hall et al. (2013) analyzed surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and derived estimates for AGE (acute gastroenteritis) associated with norovirus and found that about 19 to 21 million AGE illnesses, 400,000 emergency room visits, 1.7 to 1.9 million outpatient visits, 56,000 to 71,000 hospitalizations, and 570 to 800 deaths are caused by norovirus disease (Hall et al., 2013). ). There is an estimated 1 million pediatric cases requiring health provider intervention, 1 out of every 14 children will require emergency room intervention and 1 out of every 6 children will require outpatient intervention (Wikswo & Hall, 2012; Hall et al., 2013).
Poliomyelitis is a dangerous viral disease which can lead to either partial or full paralysis of the human body. This infectious disease was a worldwide epidemic with more than twenty thousand cases reported throughout the world. It was only until 1955 when the Salk inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) was introduced which very successfully started supressing the disease. This disease is affiliated with the enterovirus subgroup of ‘Picornaviridae’ family. It is classified as three serotypes: PV1, PV2 and PV3. The infection is sprea...
This virus is similar to Ebola, because it started in the same place. Lab workers in Germany, in 1967, contracted the new virus while working with African Green Monkeys, which had the virus. The virus is described as a hemorrhagic fever. It has a fatality rate up to 90% and spreads through human to human contact. The first symptoms can be as simple as a fever and a headache, then can progress to organ failure, and fatal internal bleeding.
Influenza, normally called “the flu”, the influenza virus causes an infection in the respiration tract. Even though the influenza virus can sometimes be compared with the common cold. It also can cause a more severe illness or death. During this past century, pandemics took place in 1918, 1957, and 1968, in all of these cases there where unfortunately many deaths. The “Spanish flu” in 1918, killed approximately half a million people in the United States alone. It killed around 20 million worldwide. The “Asian flu” in 1957, in the United States their 70,000 people died. In 1968 the “Hong-Kong flu” There where 34,000 deaths in the United States.
Interferons are a part of the immune system. This system involves the body's ability to distinguish cells that are part of the body from those that have found their way in and are harmful. Most of these unwanted substances are viruses, bacteria, and other type of disease causing organisms.
Several medicines, acyclovir (Zovirax), valacyclovir (Valtrex), and famciclovir (Famvir), are available to treat shingles. Treatment should be started as soon as possible after the rash appears, to help shorten how long the illness lasts and how severe the illness is. Pain medicine may also help lessen discomfort. Shingles vaccine was recently recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices to reduce the risk of shingles and pain from shingles in people 60 years old or older. There are antiviral drugs that can help to lower the severity of shingles and shorten the length of time you have shingles.
for which no cure has yet been created. It is important to know however, that methods are currently available which can prevent the transfer of this virus, and even slow down its malicious effects. before they become fatal. It is equally important to know how to avoid getting the virus and also the symptoms in case you might run across them. They are all a lot.
Cholera is still an extremely significant disease worldwide with over 5 million cases being reported per year (Ruiting & Reeves, 2002). Cholera is a diarrheal illness that progresses rapidly and is contracted by ingesting the bacterium Vibrio cholerae which causes an intestinal infection (CDC, 2013). In many cases the illness is mild with hardly any symptoms at all, but in some cases it can become severe. Approximately 5 percent of people who are infected exhibit severe symptoms such as extreme watery diarrhea, leg cramps, and vomiting (CDC, 2013). These symptoms usually occur at a rapid pace and unless treated can further lead to dehydration and shock which can ultimately cause death within hours. It is estimated that over 100,000 deaths occur each year around the world due to Cholera. (CDC, 2013)