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The role of fear in education
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Within the vehicle, the driving instructor, a grim and galling, old woman, penetrated the air with a stale aroma, while the rain quickly fell from the sky. As my mother, Patty, envisioned failing the driving test before it actually occurred, her fine hairs turned prickly, heart pounded frantically, and body encountered sudden perspiration. On a sunny day, a few weeks later, Patty clutched that exact steering wheel, wrinkled her eyebrows, and suddenly felt the urge to bury her head within her elbow crease where the upper and lower arm bones converge. In other words, although the rain and the unfriendly old woman were absent from the situation, she began to worry about failing the test again. Patty experienced anxiety, worry about the future …show more content…
In the article, “Searching the Brain for the Roots of Fear,” written by Joseph Ledoux, a Neural Science Professor at the University of New York, Ledoux reveals that scientists define fear as a feeling brought on by certain stimuli that forms associations (Ledoux, 2012). In the words of Ledoux (2012), when experiencing fear, “the amygdala connects the two events, forming an unconscious memory of the association. When the neutral stimulus (the rock of the sound of an airplane) later occurs, it automatically activates the amygdala like the original danger did, eliciting fear…” Therefore, a few days later, the mountain ranger may become anxious or anticipate another menacing bear to appear while sauntering through the Spruce-fir forest with the black bear out of sight because in this case, the ranger associated the black bear with the forest. These two scenarios demonstrate the connection between and development from fear to anxiety. Within my family, fear of failure, a discomforting feeling of the unknown, derives from situations happening in their lives, including failing an exam, occupational duties, and as a parent or companion. After my mother failed her driving exam on a rainy day because of her fear of driving in the rain, a few weeks later, she took the test again with the absence of rain and unpleasant, instructor. However, this time, she became anxious and began to worry because she associated the car and the driving instructor with the
Kurayama, Matsuzawa, Komiya, Nakazawa, Yoshida, Shimizu, (2012) confirmed that these neutral stimuluses deed indeed has an effect and played a role in fear conditioning in people. The case showed that Treena had indeed learned to be scared of the incident and it proceeded to become a cue for to get anxious and get panic attacks. It has been claimed that patients with panic disorder exhibited fear potentiated startle responses to safety cues and therefore reduced discrimination between safety and danger signals during acquisition, indicating that the safety signal was processed as the aversive event in contrast to the danger signal (Nees, Heinrich, Flor, 2015). It also showed that the her failing to answer the question had affected her in other classes when she would not participate in other classes hence, this showed that the neutral stimulus has developed and grew into a conditioned stimulus which evoked feelings of fear and anxiety in her, in other words it had become a cue for her to be scared and
A simple definition of the human psyche is the embodiment of the human spirit. However, when one takes a more in-depth look, it becomes much more complex than the tidy little package that the definition would infer. The psyche has a direct link to thoughts, emotions, reactions and consequences. Of these components, emotions have the most significant impact on the human essence. The way in which humans view and react to the world around them is directly linked to the conscious and subconscious feelings associated with a particular activating event. The human psyche is driven by a wide variety of emotions ranging from love, hate, anger, happiness, fear, and courage to name but only a few. Of these, fear has the power to disrupt the body and spirit in profound ways as it encompasses all emotions. Therefore, it is the strongest emotion associated with the human condition.
In other words, Henry cannot encode and compose short-term memory, and recall long-term memory of his past experience. Additionally, Henry’s amygdala has also been removed from this surgery, which caused him to learn fear from daily life and remember some unpleasant events. Therefore, Henry always expresses happiness more than sad and unhappy emotions. It is an interesting finding that amygdala is associated with fear memory and emotional expression. Henry Gustav died in 2008.
In The Brothers Karamazov Fyodor Dostoevsky said, “…fear is simply the consequence of every lie.” Dostoevsky is stating how people are afraid of what will happen when their lie(s) is/are put out in the open. Fear is a distressing emotion aroused by impending danger, evil, pain, etc., whether the threat is real or imagined. This line suggests that people are afraid of the truth, which inevitably is the consequence of every lie. Even though this quote was written by a 19th century author it can still relate to texts that were made centuries prior. Both Sophocles and Shakespeare’s plays support Dostoevky because both plays deal with the act of lying and its consequences as a major motif.
Fear conditioning is a commonly used behavioral paradigm to test an organism’s ability to create associations and learn to avoid aversive stimuli. There are two methodologies: cue and contextual fear conditioning (Kim & Jung, 2006). In cued fear conditioning, a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US) which activates a strong unconditioned fear responses (UR). After a continued training period, the neutral CS is now able to activate a conditioned response (CR). Similarly, context conditioning occurs when the background or context cues, during the condition training, is able to predict the US and activate the fear response. For example, a mice can be placed in a novel environment and given an aversive stimulus (e.g. footshock). When the mice is returned to that same environment, it will display a CR (e.g. freezing). The mice’s ability for contextual fear conditioning is dependent on whether it was able to learn and associate its environment with the aversive stimulus. (Curzon, Rustay, and Browman, 2009)
The Dangers of Fear Irish Playwright, George Bernard Shaw, once said, “The worst sin toward our fellow creatures is not to hate them, but to be indifferent to them; that's the essence of inhumanity.” Inhumanity is mankind’s worst attribute. Every so often, ordinary humans are driven to the point where they have no choice but to think of themselves. One of the most famous examples used today is the Holocaust. Elie Wiesel’s memoir Night demonstrates how fear is a debilitating force that causes people to lose sight of who they once were.
Anxiety is a common well-known emotion around the world, however, many individuals seem not to understand the underlying causes of anxiety. In general terms, anxiety is a mood state of fear associated with the preparation of the uncertainty (Craske, 2009). When fear strikes, anxiety is the emotion in search of a cause (Smoyak, 2014). During an anxiety episode, receptors hit the mind and it affects our physical symptoms, thoughts, and behaviors. For instance, Anxiety is triggered by our amygdala the portion of our brain that is responsible for our emotions and is also the response to our adrenaline of fight, flight or freeze.
Firstly we will look at the mind-body relationship - how our body reacts to the way we think and feel. When in threat, a person naturally becomes anxious and their senses become increasingly sensitive to potential harm. Hormones, like adrenaline and cortisol, released during stressful conditions flood our bloodstream, raising the cortisol levels resulting in a fight or flight response. The brain then reacts with the amygdala receiving information from the sensory organs, tracking patterns and assisting memory formation of emotion...
In the words of Bertrand Russell, “Fear is the main source of superstition, and one of the main sources of cruelty. To conquer fear is the beginning of wisdom” (Russell). Fear causes many problems in our lives. Fear influences many of a person’s actions and decisions. However, people usually regret the decisions or actions they made out of fear. Also, these actions and decisions can cause problems for those people in their future. Fear is a harmful emotion, for it clouds people’s judgement, disables them from taking action, and causes them to make decisions that they will regret later.
‘An adequate hypothesis of fear must utilize physiological concepts of cerebral action in addition to psychological terminology. The hypothesis proposes that "fear originates in the disruption of temporally and spatially organized cerebral activities; that fear are distinct from other emotions by the nature of the processes tending to restore equilibrium." The sources of fear involve conflict, sensory deficit, or constitutional change. ‘
Fear messages are first processed in the thalamus and then branch off along two different pathways. One pathway, a “low road,”
"You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you really stop and look fear in the face. You are able to say to yourself, '...I can take the next thing that comes along.'...You must do the thing you think you cannot do (Eleanor Roosevelt)." Every time I read these words, I am able to see the truth in them. College to me is the next step that I must take in life. Although this next step comes with much trepidation and apprehension, it is a necessary step that I must take to forever better and prepare myself for the life that I wish to lead. State University would be one of the best institutions for this, just as the choice of high school I made four years ago, Good Counsel, was the next step for me then. During high school, I have grown and changed through not only the education I have gained, but also through the activities I participated in. I have gained a lot of strengths from my time spent in high school. Although every weakness has not been erased, the next step in life will ease their numbers even more.
Just as easily as we can tap into our DNA to find out what diseases we are more susceptible to scientists can find out where and why our fears came about and maybe provide insight to why people have fears they can not explain. Fear is not just a feeling, it is a behavior passed down from generation to generation. Fear is something that has always been present in human beings. From the very day we are conceived to our birth we have and develop fears. Some of these fears include those of the unknown, the dark, animals, sounds. These are all examples of phobias that can not be explained in infants and small children. Scientists explain that in earlier times people had a better reason to be afraid of the dark due to the fact of today's advanced technology. Some people are afraid of animals (dogs and cats) in earlier times people lived in tribes that were not heavily protected, most were only surrounded by twigs and sharp branches, yet this did not always keep the predators out. In that age humans were the prey and warriors would give their lives to protect the only home the tribe people have. This fear of animals may also go along with the fear of the dark because when man lost natural light they had nothing to protect themselves with. The predators came out to feed at night, on animals or humans, it did not matter which as long as the animal could make a kill. With much research and experiment science may provide an answer to these draining questions.
A number of different theories have been proposed to explain how these factors contribute to the development of this disorder. The first theory is experiential: people can learn their fear after an initial unpleasant experience such as a humiliating situation, physical or sexual abuse, or just attending a violent act. Similar experiences that follow add to the anxiety. According to another theory, which refers to cognition or thinking, people believe or predict that the outcome of a particular situation will be degrading or harmful to them. This can happen, for example, if parents are overly protective and constantly alert to potential problems. The third theory focuses on biological basics. Research suggests that the amygdala, a structure deep inside the brain, serves as a communication center that signals the presence of threats, and triggers a response in the form of fear or
“Oh, really?” My dad said. “I’ll make sure that he does that.” My dad said nothing to me when we got to the car, and he started to drive. I could cut the tension with a knife, during the ten minutes of silence . “What’s he going to say? What’s he going to do?” I kept asking myself as we drove home. He finally asked me “So, what’s the plan for the test Andrew?” I just shrugged, too afraid to say