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How has American history affected literature
The difference between romanticism and transcendentalism
Compare and contrast romanticism and transcendentalism literary movements
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Prior to the 1810s American literature consisted of Romantic works that emphasized emotion, individualism, glorification of the past, and nature; common themes in the Unitarian Church. In order to reform the church’s ideals, the mid-nineteenth century literary movement, Transcendentalism, was born. Heavily influenced by the American democratic system, Both Transcendentalists and Romantics believed strongly in the power of the individual and expresses the dangers of conforming to society’s ideals and beliefs. Contrary to Romantics however, Transcendentalists embraced the empiricism of science. Unlike the Transcendentalist movement’s reaction against Romanticism, Transcendentalism was a reform of the Unitarian Church, designed to work hand in …show more content…
He writes, “Expect me not to show cause why I seek or why I exclude company.” A praise for individualism is exemplified in this text, because it relates to the transcendentalist ideal that conformity corrupts. An excluded mind allows for self-discovery and freedom from an unethical society, therefore transcendentalists encouraged rebellion against pre-determined societal conventions. This individualism also stems from the American people’s longing to seclude themselves from the old world’s expectations and to develop their own form of …show more content…
Experience. N.p.: n.p., 1844. Print.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Harvard Commencement Speech." Harvard Commencement. Harvard University. 15 July 1838. Speech.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. "Letter to Martin Van Buren." Letter to Martin Van Buren (1836): n. pag. Print.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Nature. N.p.: n.p., 1836. Print.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Self Reliance. N.p.: n.p., 1841. Print.
Goodman, Russell. "Transcendentalism." Stanford University. Stanford University, 06 Feb. 2003. Web. 18 Nov. 2016.
Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. N.p.: Ticknor and Fields, 1850. Print.
Myerson, Joel. Transcendentalism: A Reader. N.p.: Oxford U, 2000. Print.
Robinson, David M. "Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, and Transcendentalism." Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller, and Transcendentalism (2007): n. pag. Duke University Press. Web. 17 Nov. 2016.
Thoreau, Henry David. Slavery in Massachusetts. Framingham: n.p., 1854. Print.
"Transcendentalism, An American Philosophy." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 18 Nov.
Transcendentalists Thoreau and Emerson conveyed strong, specific viewpoints on the world through their writing. The transcendentalist ideals differ vastly with the lives lived by most of the modern world today. Firstly, the two differ on views of self-reliance. Secondly, they have different outlooks on the government and organized groups. Lastly, transcendentalist and modern American views vary by the way they view nature. These differences between transcendentalism and life today are essential in understanding life then, as well as life now.
Process philosophy is the philosophy that embraces change and the developmental factors in a society. “Process philosophy was created out of the failure of Romanticism-Transcendentalism, a failure which resulted in a very profound theological shift” (Martin, 2006, pp. 145). The failure of the Romanticism-Transcendentalism period caused people to question the belief system that was present. The uncertainty and second guessing ultimately had people looking for something else to put their beliefs into. This was when a new philosophical outlook was formed, process philosophy. This new outlook was very different from the old outlook in which there were no real absolutes that exist. Since no real absolutes exist, which can also be referred to as relativism, there is no belief of the supernatural which means there is an absence of God. “The abandonment of the supernatural, then, leaves us with a process view of life and existence, including man. We shift from an absolutist view to a process view, which comes to be known as process philosophy” (Martin, 2006, pp. 149). Shifting from an absolutist view to a process view of life inevitably
Transcendentalism is based on the belief that institutions in the society corrupt an individual’s purity. Transcendentalists believe that people are at their best when they are truly independent and self-reliant. They also believe that from independence and self-reliance, a true community is formed. Even though Transcendentalism is not recognized, it still exists in the modern society. Though not clearly outspoken as in Emerson and Thoreau’s times, many people in today’s society still have transcendental beliefs. Transcendental ideals are found in songs, films, books and other works such as media and advertisements. One example is the song “Get up, Stand up,” by Bob Marley, it is found to be influenced and has inspiration of transcendental elements such as Solitude (individuality), self-reliance, non-conformism (anti-institution), anti-materialism, nature and spirituality.
The 1830s was a time of serious religious conflict. Many people, especially authors, had different opinions on how to find true spirituality. In the end, authors in America created Transcendentalism. Transcendentalism is a philosophical and literary movement that searches for individual truth through spiritual reflection, complete solitude, and a deep connection with nature. Because this was established by authors, many of them wrote different pieces reflecting and using the beliefs of Transcendentalism. Ralph Waldo Emerson was considered to be the father of Transcendentalism. He wrote many influential pieces that follow and emphasize major Transcendental beliefs. The major beliefs include the over-soul, nature, and senses. In addition to those, there are minor beliefs and overall ways of living. These beliefs were included in Transcendental pieces as a general way to share the belief and to create a movement. Due to the use of nature, senses, and the over-soul as its three core Transcendental beliefs, Ralph Waldo Emerson’s “Nature” successfully explain the fundamentals of Transcendentalism.
Before I started cheering, both of my parents never knew how much goes into being a cheerleader. Though soccer was the sport I grew up playing, I ended up quitting to try out for cheerleading in seventh grade. I made the squad that year and I immediately became attached to cheerleading, though my parents did not know how to react exactly. Of course they were happy for me since it was something that I wanted to do, but it was not soccer. My dad did not consider cheerleading to be a sport in the beginning, claiming that “there is no team quality to cheering.” It was safe to say that he did not necessarily like that I quit soccer to take up cheering since he did not consider cheerleading to be a real sport. I have learned that going against tradition and conformity is difficult, but is worth it in the end.
Transcendentalism was a movement in writing that took place in the mid-nineteenth century. It formed in the early to mid nineteenth century and reached it climax around 1850 during an era commonly referred to as the American Renaissance, America’s Golden Day, or the Flowering of New England.
An influential literary movement in the nineteenth century, transcendentalism placed an emphasis on the wonder of nature and its deep connection to the divine. As the two most prominent figures in the transcendentalist movement, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau whole-heartedly embraced these principles. In their essays “Self-Reliance” and “Civil Disobedience”, Emerson and Thoreau, respectively, argue for individuality and personal expression in different manners. In “Self-Reliance”, Emerson calls for individuals to speak their minds and resist societal conformity, while in “Civil Disobedience” Thoreau urged Americans to publicly state their opinions in order to improve their own government.
Someone once said, “ A revolution isn't always an act of violence that results in a bloody battle”. Transcendentalism has affirmed that fact indeed, since it is a movement expressed in a form of revolution that uses letters and words as its only weapon, its a form independence and individual improvement in which one reflects his own opinion, and radical ideas through using a pen and critical thinking as the best form of expression. Ralph Waldo Emerson, was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendental movement of the 19th century. To Emerson, independence and self-reliance were his main focus, hence they provide a unique link between one’s self and what goes beyond. His sole abstract ideas, vivid expressions, and symbolic
The transcendental movement took place solely in America, but was “stimulated by European and German Romanticism” (Goodman); moreover, the “Transcendentalists stood at the heart of the American Renaissance” (Hampson). According to Richard Eldridge, the Romantics, who preceded the Transcendental movement, “represent[ed] ‘the effort to envision human possibilities of the achievement of value’ more strongly and self-consciously than Enlightenment thought did before it, and offers a compelling vision of the human as ‘both a free, noumenal agent and an embodied, natural being’” (Johnson 251). The Romantics, however, had a more negative view on the world around them. The Transcendental
During the American Renaissance, writers were put into one of two categories. The categories were the Dark Romantics and the Transcendentalists. Some Dark Romantics include Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Washington Irving. The Dark Romantics stories included creepy symbols, horrific themes, and psychological effects of guilt and sin. The Devil and Tom Walker by Washington Irving gives a few examples as to why life is meaningless to some people.Humans are not all good, there are some cruel people in this world. The Pit and the Pendulum tells you exactly why.
Thoreau wrote, “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived.” The words transformed people’s lives to think more of the why in life and live with a purpose not just do what they are told, which was a driving idea within the Transcendentalist movements. Transcendentalist were hard to define, but perhaps one of the fathers of transcendentalism Ralph Waldo Emerson defines it most gracefully in a speech he gave, “The Transcendentalist adopts the whole connection of spiritual doctrine, He believes in miracle, in the perpetual openness of the human mind to new influx of light and power: he believes in inspiration, and in ecstasy”. As Emerson’s key student and self-proclaimed Transcendentalist Thoreau fulfilled these requirements to help further this movement of higher
The movement of transcendentalism was a powerful movement that began to emerge in American in the nineteenth century. These powerful movements made readers question, challenge, and examine what they were accustomed too. Transcendentalism was the belief that what the person can see, touch, feel, taste, or comprehend goes beyond those senses. People were to knowledge their thoughts through instinct and imagination not through logic or the senses; they were to trust themselves to be their own authority on what is right. When people were able to receive these ideas not as a religious beliefs, but as a way of understanding life then they were consider a transcendentalist. Transcendentalism was one of the many literary writing styles used during
“Transcendentalism, An American Philosophy.” U.S. History Online Textbook. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 09 Apr. 2014.
Transcendentalism is a social, religious, and literary movement: a philosophy. Combining elements from the romantic period with eastern philosophical beliefs, it sought to fight against rationalism and conformism by inspiring individuals to look into their inner selves and embrace their own beliefs. One of the spearheads leading this movement was Ralph Waldo Emerson: an American writer and philosopher who sought to teach others what he himself had found. Transcendalists, such as Emerson, viewed society as a catalyst for downfall and instead believed that humans were inherently good and pure; embracing our inner feelings and emotions and ignoring expectations and conformity are essential to achieve happiness and fulfillment. Such ideas can
Individualism from the transcendentalist era is very different then it is in the modern day. In the transcendentalist era, everyone believed that the person is more important than the society. You see this in self reliance where Emerson says “Trust thyself: every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the place the divine providence has found for you, the society of your contemporaries, the connection of events” (Emerson par. 3). In this quote, i believe the emerson is saying that you know what's best for yourself and you should follow your heart, but society is always going to try to tell you something different. In the modern day, people rely more on the