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Influence of the Enlightenment
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Changes Brought About By Industrial Revolution
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Austin Pinnow
Ms. Papera
English 4 AP
10 April 2014
The Romantic Era
Near the end of the 18th century, Europe was engrossed in the Age of Enlightenment. Society was waging a war of intellectualism against tradition and faith, and spreading its ideals of logic and reason. However, the turn of the century would see to it that Romanticism, a new cultural revolution emphasizing the beauty of nature and emotion, would prevail. It was a period in which visual arts, music, and literature flourished. Romanticism had a considerable impact on science, philosophy, nationalism, art, and literature of the time, and continues to affect us today.
The Industrial Revolution was sweeping across Europe during the late 1700s, creating an economy largely based on technology and machinery. What once were rural villages and farms were now bustling cities with large factories. Recent agricultural advancements “boosted levels of productivity, freeing up people to work in other sectors of the economy” (Musson and Robinson 477). The public was now fully enchanted by the amount of productivity and efficiency t...
In the late 1700s the cottage industry was the main source of income for almost all Europeans. In the late eighteenth century the demand for production was increasing rapidly, but before the Europeans found new innovated ways to manufacture goods, they were having a hard time keeping up with the productivity. The transition from tools to machines was an astonishing advancement for the European countries. Europeans were the first to find more efficient ways to use their resources. With the breakthroughs in technology and the new inventions the European countries were even more powerful than they we...
The period during which there was an increased output of machine-made goods, also known as the Industrial Revolution, played a critical role in reshaping Britain’s economy. The Industrial Revolution, stimulated by advancements that were made during the Agricultural Revolution, began in Great Britain for many reasons. In addition to Britain’s broad availability of natural resources, the count...
To start with, Romanticism was the first writing movement of the nineteenth century. It originated at the close of the eighteenth century in Europe, but was popular from the 1800s to 1850s. This movement was a revolt against the political and social standards of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction to the reasoning of nature through science. Romanticism’s characteristics came from philosophical sources and, because it is a reaction against reasoning, it focuses on intuition, nature, and human emotions. The philosophical background of this movement came from an author named Jean-Jacques Rousseau who emphasized the individual and the power of inspiration. Romanticism later then broke off into another two movements called Parnassian and Realism.
For almost two centuries, from the late 1700s to the 1900s, Romanticism impacted the writings of countless people. This artistic movement originated in Europe and reached many continents by the 19th century, which was when it hit its peak. One reason why the movement started was because of the Age of Enlightenment, a time when people considered logical reasoning to be more important than feelings or emotions. Some people didn’t agree with this new idea so they started the movement. Another reason for the start of the movement was because of the French Revolution. People under the rule of Louis the XVI suffered lack of freedom in speech and expression. They faced unjust laws and had unequal distribution of resources, therefore, one major focus of romanticism was to emphasize on the injustices through their poems.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, both societal and economic conditions were largely determined by agriculture. Growth was slow, and people relied on traditional means to get by. The majority of the society were farmers and raised other animals. In the eighteenth century, however, the population exploded at an unprecedented pace. There are four primary reasons that may be cited for this growth: a decline in the death rate, an increase in the birth rate, the virtual elimination of plagues, and an increase in the availability of food [1]. This population growth created a surplus of labor. The need for workers in agriculture decreased due to the technological advances in techniques and tools. The surplus of people, as well as other would-be farmers, had to find jobs elsewhere. This is one important factor in the shift of the popul...
To understand how Romanticism changed the way society thought, you must first understand the meanings and reason behind the movement. The Romantic Movement in the late 18th and early 19th centuries was described as a movement in the history of culture, an aesthetic style, and an attitude of mind. (Fiero) Romanticism provided expression of their thoughts and ideas toward their own societies, which was in effect predominantly in Europe and in the United States. The movement was a reaction to the Enlightenment which provided strict ideology and rationalism. The Church had much to do with the Enlightenment seeing as if religion and the importance of God were incorporated into most aspects of their culture. Thus, Romanticism was a response to the Enlightenment Movement and their religious ideology.
Romanticism allowed poets to have the world at their fingertips. In the course of the American and French Revolutions, political, social, and economic traditions were being shaken. No longer were they bound to what was thought of as appropriate topics for writing. These poets were allowed to use firsthand experience to guide their creativity. Romantics created their poetry by using their own heartfelt emotions. William Blake, I believe, was a visionary with more of a theological or spiritual tone in both his writings and his paintings, whereas William Wordsworth used temporal viewpoints to help him describe his reality of nature. Blake and Wordsworth both used their talent for creating art and exciting passion in their readers with Blake expressing his views on morality, religion and philosophy, and Wordsworth with his ever changing views on man and nature becoming one.
The Romantic period was an expressive and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century and peaked in the 1800s-1850s. This movement was defined and given depth by an expulsion of all ideals set by the society of the particular time, in the sense that the Romantics sought something deeper, something greater than the simplistic and structured world that they lived in. They drew their inspiration from that around them. Their surroundings, especially nature and the very fabric of their minds, their imagination. This expulsion of the complexity of the simple human life their world had organised and maintained resulted in a unique revolution in history. Eradication of materialism, organisation and society and
affect on all of the arts as well as the visual arts; as artists began
Romanticism started in the 18th century and was said to be influenced by the French and Industrial Revolution.
Roughly from 1815 to 1910, this period of time is called the romantic period. At this period, all arts are transforming from classic arts by having greater emphasis on the qualities of remoteness and strangeness in essence. The influence of romanticism in music particularly, has shown that romantic composers value the freedom of expression, movement, passion, and endless pursuit of the unattainable fantasy and imagination. The composers of the romantic period are in search of new subject matters, more emotional and are more expressive of their feelings as they are not bounded by structural rules in classical music where order, equilibrium, control and perfection are deemed important (Dorak, 2000).
In the late eighteenth century, a movement spread throughout the world that was known as the Romantic Era. The works of authors, artists, and musicians were influenced by emotions and imagination. Characters in literature during that time period heavily relied on impulses to guide them in their decisions. Whether it is the logical choice or not, they followed their hearts instead. The image that Romanticism created was one of a perfect, unrealistic lifestyle because of the worship to the beauty of nature and human emotions. Although some romantic plays ended in a tragedy, it was due to the emotions that we are capable of feeling. Romanticism promoted the idea that people should follow their hearts. This, however, gradually came to an end in the mid-19th-century.
The Romantic period has many beginnings and takes different forms; so that in a celebrated essay, On the Discrimination of Romanticism (1924), A.O. Lovejoy argued that the word “Romantic” should no longer be used, since it has come to mean so many things that by itself, it means nothing. On the derivation of the word “Romanticism” we have definite and commonly accepted information which helps us to understand its meaning. Critics and literary historians differ widely and sometimes as violently, about the answer then have differed about love truth and other concepts. Romanticism is concerned with all these concepts and with others with equal importance. It is an attitude toward life and experience older than religion, as permanent as love, and as many-sided as truth. (Watson, J.R. English Poetry of the Romantic Period, Longman Inc. New York)
A major cause for the Industrial Revolution was the enormous spurt of population growth in England. The increase in population meant that there were more people in surplus from agricultural jobs, and they had to find work in industrial factories. Enclosure brought forth a great increase in farming production and profits. Farming was improved through the use of crop rotation, enclosures, and the division on farms across England. Crops that were grown consisted of turnips, barley, clover, wheat. This improvement in farming caused a population explosion, which soon led to a higher demand for goods. The new means of production demanded new kinds of skills, new regulation in work, and a large labor force. The goods produced met immediate consumer demand and also created new demands. In the long run, industrialization raised the standard of living and overcame the poverty that most Europeans, who lived d...
By the end of the eighteenth century, thought gradually moved towards a new trend called Romanticism. If the Age of Enlightenment was a period of reasoning, rational thinking and a study of the material world where natural laws were realized, then Romanticism is its opposite. Romanticism emphasized the individual, the subjective, the irrational, the imaginative, the personal, the spontaneous, the emotional, the visionary, and the transcendental (Forsyth, Romanticism). It began in Germany and England in the eighteenth century and by the late 1820s swept through Europe and then swiftly made its way to the Western world. The romantics overthrew the philosophical ways of thinking during the Enlightenment, they felt that reason and rationality were too harsh and instead focused on the imagination.