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Enlightenment thinkers in the 18th century
18th century enlightenment
Enlightenment thinkers in the 18th century
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Alizay Imran
Art History
Homework Questions/Answer
Due: March 27, 2014
1. Rocco combines baracco and rocaille to describe the refined and fanciful style. Rocco’s style can’t be fully appreciated through single objects, but is evident everywhere in the salon, with their profused decorated wall sand ceiling busting with exquite three dimensional embellishments in gold, silver and brilliant white paint; their intimate, sensual painting hung among rich ornaments crystal chandeliers, mirror walls and dedicated furniture. However the typical salon design would be having architectural elemants rendered in sculpted stucco, inclusing arabeaques, S-shapes, C-shapes, reverse C-shape, volute and naturalistic plan forms, would have boiseries and inlaid wood designs on furniture and floors. The painting were typically on classical love stories filled playful putti, lush foliage and fluffy cloud. Has atmosphere of sensuality and luxury.
2. The eighteen-century was the emphasis on though enlightened by reason was applied to political and moral philosophy as well as science. Enlightenment thinking is marked by conviction that humans are not superstitious beings ruled by god or the aristocracy, and that all men should have equal rights and opportunities for life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. For examples, Jean-Anthoine Watteau, the signboard of gersiant, which shows an art galley filled with paintings from Venetians and Netherlandish school that Watteau admired. He painted for Urban aristocrats and in the painting were the aristocrats who created the atmosphere of aristocratic sophistication. However in the pilgrimage to the island of Cythera, he portrayed an imagined vision of idyllic and sensual life of rococo aristocrats but with the ...
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...merica history. This era has nothing to do with romance but with a strong person believing in the rights of others and expressing deep intense and often uplifting expressions through art. The artwork of the romanticism era was dramatic and would carry the viewer away. The artwork depicted what the artist was feeling not what was being asked of the artist to paint. The artwork was based on the pure emotions of the artist. Romanticism wanted to break away from the neoclassical era and the set of stereotyped rules that came along with that era. “Feelings, passion, imagination, creativity, originality and imperfection prevailed over the importance of order, rules, rationality and perfection from Neoclassicism”. During the romanticism era many things were portrayed: the promotion of individual liberty, ending slavery, and supporting democratic and independence movement.
Romanticism is basically an ideal world of freedom and a revolt against the reason, judgment, and ideals imposed on one by society. It is a “philosophical movement that redefined the fundamental ways in which people in Western cultures thought about themselves and about their world” (“Romanticism”). The origins of Romanticism date back to the late 1700s. During
Romanticism first came about in the 18th century and it was mostly used for art and literature. The actual word “romanticism” was created in Britain in the 1840s. People like Victor Hugo, William Wordsworth, and Percy Bysshe Shelley had big impacts on this style of art. Romanticism is an art in which people express their emotion. Whatever they believed is put into a picture, painting, poem, or book. Romanticism goes deep into a mind. It is very deep thinking and it’s expressing yourself through that deep thinking. Romanticism is the reaction to the Enlightenment and the enlightenment aka the “Age of Reason” took place during the 1700s to 1800s. The enlightenment emphasized being rational and using your mind; on the other hand, romanticism focuses on emotion and imagination. It says don’t just focus on rationality and reason.
“Romanticism, is an artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate period from 1800 to 1850” (Wikipedia).
As seen through studying Neo-classicism, Romanticism, Realism and Impressionism, we can learn much more about the art and artists of these periods. In the historical scenes of Neo-classicism, the nature and emotion of Romanticism, the non idealized and ordinary people of Realism and the bright colors of Impressionism the true perfection of the artists of these periods is clearly pointed out through their artwork.
The Enlightenment was an important period in Western history that has allowed humans to think more reasonably and to value reasoning in addressing the challenges and problems of this world. It revolutionized human thought, influencing people to greater considerations of the human experience, of empirical data, and to ideate and eventually value natural human rights of everyone. These themes are well reflected in the art of the Age.
The romanticism era was a movement in history that mainly focused on visual arts, music, and literature. This era was happening between 1800 and 1860. The romanticism period is sometimes observed as a reaction to the Industrial Revolution. One of this era’s longest lasting effects was its effect on politics and nationalism. Paintings during this time had an emotional appeal. Bringing light to the feelings of horror, wonder, and apprehension/fear. The modern term “romantic” is said to be derived from the romanticism period.
The artistic theme in which an artist depicts the Virgin Mary with Jesus Christ as a child is known as the ‘Madonna and Child’. This depiction has its roots in Early Christian art due to the iconic roles that Christ and Mary play in the Christian religion (Dunkerton 37). The ‘Madonna and Child’ has had a place in many of the early periods and traditions of art. Religious themes were able to command such a strong presence in the history of art due to their role as devotional aides in churches and other religious buildings (Dunkerton 27). Religious art was well maintained by religious orders and churches, and many patrons throughout early history were tied to the Catholic Church. In the 1400s, religious artwork continued to play a prominent role, but a revival of the Classical form also started to occur. The period known as the renaissance was marked by a desire to look back on the past and a sense of individualism. The era also brought about the use of new and classical techniques for art such as naturalism, perspective, and proportion. Nonetheless, art during this period remained diverse as several art traditions, influences, and patrons contributed to the outcome of an artist’s work. The National Gallery of Ireland possesses a few of depictions of the Virgin Mary and Child in its collection of Early Italian work. The first work I will discuss is a work by Zanobi di Jacopo Machiavelli known as ‘Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints’, which was complete in 1470. The second work is known as, ‘The Virgin and Child Enthroned with Saints John the Baptist and Lucy’, and was completed by Marco Palmezzano in 1513 (National Gallery of Ireland: Essential Guide). While created around the same time period and within close geographical proxim...
Romanticism was a genre created as an upheaval against the political and social restrictions of its time. Because romanticism emphasized emotions, imagination, and the arts, it was seen as the complete opposite of the style of writing at the time, labelled neoclassicism, which depended solely on the ideas of logic, reason, and conformity.
This painting has deviated from the standard Renaissance model in that it goes beyond depicting subjects and scene, and employs exaggerated form, color emphasis, abnormal planar depiction, and visual directionality. The aspects of this painting have become the embodiment of the story told and the characters there held. The artist has used various techniques of color, line, and juxtaposition in order to portray an idea which supersedes the sum of its parts, and thereby leads the viewer through a thought.
Interestingly enough, the Romanticism movement was not what the regular person would think as “romantic”. Delacroix's Death of Sarandapalus (27-15) was inspired by one of Lord Byron's poems. What the textbook did not mention was that many of Byron's poems reflected his wild living, that is, Byron chose scandalous moments throughout history to write about. The Romantic era was one of art picturing tumult and imagery, not one of normal “romantic” attributes.
The Romanticism period started in 1789 and lasted till 1830. This time period was a major international movement, shaping modern views of art, literature, music, and other aspects in life. Romanticism was the “reaction against artistic styles of classical antiquity, which was neoclassicism.” Neoclassicists focused on the power of reasoning to discover the truth while Romantics focused on the hope to transform the world through the power of imagination. They had a deep love for nature (Furst 302). The aspects of romanticism are important; they are the beliefs of this period. The first aspect includes nature, which allows them to be free from the artificial aspects of civilization; they were with man’s true setting. Nature was there to reveal and heal individuals. An example of the love for nature in Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s poetry ‘Frost at Midnight’ is he is describing how happy he is that his baby will be able to see nature instead of living in the city like he did, “But thou, my babe! shalt wander like ...
Romantics began to believe that it was important to be in touch with your emotions. Romanticism was viewed as an assertion of intuitive individualism and the primacy of feeling. (Fiero) These ideas lead to more detail and expression in art. Portraits are perfect examples for the subject of the individual because in portraits you can see what the person was feeling. Artists typically painted as a reaction of what was going on around them and portraits gave them the opportunity to express what their society was like. Traditionally, records of individual likeness, portraits became vehicles for expressing a range of psychological and emotional states in the hands of Romantic painters. (Galitz)
Romanticism was a reaction to the Enlightenment as a cultural movement, an aesthetic style, and an attitude of mind (210). Culturally, Romanticism freed people from the limitations and rules of the Enlightenment. The music of the Enlightenment was orderly and restrained, while the music of the Romantic period was emotional. As an aesthetic style, Romanticism was very imaginative while the art of the Enlightenment was realistic and ornate. The Romanticism as an attitude of mind was characterized by transcendental idealism, where experience was obtained through the gathering and processing of information. The idealism of the Enlightenment defined experience as something that was just gathered.
Additionally, the styles changed; from Rococo, which was meant to represent the aristocratic power and the “style that (…) and ignored the lower classes” (Cullen), to Neoclassicism, which had a special emphasis on the Roman civilization’s virtues, and also to Romanticism, which performs a celebration of the individual and of freedom. Obviously, also the subject matter that inspired the paintings has changed as wel...
Romanticism does not mean laying dreamy-eyed in a field graced with flowers bathed in sunlight. It doesn’t actually refer to romance at it. The movement was about intense personal expression. It signifies a staunch individualist, conveying deep and often uplifting emotions, such as Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony that marked the start of the Romantic era in music (Wilder). Penetrating boundaries was an honorable ambition shared by the inventor...