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Modern architecture history
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Best known as a critic of modern buildings that lack ornamentation and pizazz, Robert Venturi is the defiant architect who pushed what became known as the Post Modern movement of the twentieth century. According to Venturi, "Less is a bore".
ARTIST BIOGRAPHY
Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 25, 1925, Robert Charles Venturi, Jr. has been recognized as one of America’s most successful architectural figures of the twentieth century. Venturi was born to Robert Venturi Sr. and Vanna Venturi and was raised as a Quaker. As a youth he attended Episcopal Academy in Merion, Pennsylvania. Venturi graduated from Princeton summa cum laude in 1947. He also a member-elect of Phi Beta Kappa and won the D’Amato Prize in Architecture while there (The Nassau Herald). Venturi went onto receive his M.F.A. from Princeton as well in 1950. After graduating he worked briefly alongside Eero Saarinen in Michigan and then with Louis Kahn in Philidelphia. Venturi was awarded the Rome Prize Fellowship for the American Academy in Rome in 1954. While in Europe Robert toured other countries and studied various periods of architecture for two years. Once back in the United States, Venturi taught at Pennesylvania University from 1954-1965. He started as Kahn’s teaching assistant and eventually made his way to Associated Professor. It was here that Venturi met fellow professor and architect Denise Scott Brown, who would later become his wife on July 23, 1967.
Venturi initially created the Venturi and Short Firm, while working with William Short in 1960. But overtime, the firm became Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, or VSBA. The Philadelphia, Pennsylvania based firm has completed more than 400 projects, each distinctively suited to the special needs ...
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...and terra cotta around its outside. Venturi's idea, he said in an interview, was to design a museum that would not seem overly imposing, to adults or children (Egan).
CONCLUSION-
Robert Venturi is a man that I can respect without even personally knowing. He challenged the belief system of his time and went against mainstream design to pursue his own interpretation of art and architecture. I admire his wanting to have his wife as an equal partner in all his endeavors. Venturi was more than just an artist; he was a major figure in the postmodernism movement. His work is a reflection of his divergence. Venturi was able to capture historic elements such as the arch and work them into a modernist design that captured, even deceived the viewer. Venturi was a thinker, a rebel and most importantly was an individual, who was not afraid to express himself against commonality.
James F. O'Gorman, Dennis E. McGrath. ABC of Architecture. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998. Document. October 2013.
Marcel Breuer, born in the early 1900’s in Hungary, was one of the first and youngest students to learn under the Bauhaus style, taught by Walter Gropius. Breuer started his career designing furniture, using tubular, or “handle bar like”, steel (Dodd, Mead, and Company 32). One of the most popular of these furniture designs was his Club Chair B3designed in 1922. In the 1930’s, Breuer moved to the United States to teach and practice architecture. In the 1950’s, he received the Medal of Honor from the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA). Between 1960 and 1980, Breuer was honored with several honorary doctoral degrees from several universities around the world. After retiring in 1976 due to poor health, Breuer was awarded several other awards, and his work was displayed in exhibitions around the world. Breuer died on July 2nd, 1981, at the age of 79 (Marcel Breuer Associates 6).
By giving the biographies of architects Richard Neutra and Robert Alexander, Hines does nothing to remedy his aimless writing. He writes that Neutra had a variety of experience as an archi...
Peter’s international traveling experiences are what I believe to have carried him through his career. Though he attended two great Universities, he got his best education from the real world experiences he obtained through travel. Peter grew up as a small town boy who had a passion for outdoors. By traveling, he was able to find his true style and colors; those aspects are what guided him through his 40 year career as an impactful and memorable architect. At age 67, he tragically passed away from a heart attack while cross country skiing in January of 2009. Though he left the earth that day, he left doing something he loved. And what he left behind was far more vast than any of his monumental creations.
Richmond Barthé was born in Bay St. Louis, Mississippi on January 28, 1901. Richmond was born in a hard time for African Americans. He demonstrated incredible guarantee as a craftsman at a youthful age, however as a Colored American in the South, he was banished from selecting in any of the craft schools in New Orleans, Louisiana, close to his home. At eighteen his area minister in New Orleans and an author for the New Orleans Times Picayune distinguished his capability. Richmond was eventually admitted to the Art Institute of Chicago, after struggling to get admitted to an art school. He began to study sculpture, which denoted a defining moment in his profession. After Barthe graduated in 1928, he opened up a studio in Harlem, where he stayed permanently in 1930. Nonetheless, ending up progressively disregarded by a symbolized world that had come to esteem deliberation an imaginative style which held no enthusiasm for him; Barthé moved to Jamaica in the late 1940s, and later existed in Switzerland and Italy before coming back to the United States in 1969. His career in Jamaica flourished, till he later decided to come back home to the states. Overall Richmond Barthe received many honors and awards including: Rosenwald Fellowship, Guggenheim Fellowship, Audubon Artists Gold Medal in 1950, and awards for interracial justice and honorary degrees from Xavier and St. Francis Universities. Overall this artist intrigues me as I’m sure it was extremely hard to start off. He was born during the worst times in America, racism throughout his life and then leading into the great depression. I’m glad he was able to express himself through the art that he published.
In this great time known as the Renaissance, many pieces of art that reflect humanism were created, but only one stands out like a sore thumb, Brunelleschi's Duomo di Santa Maria del Fiore! Since the Duomo is based off Roman architecture, many innovative ideas were used to create it, and because it was built to be enjoyed, not worshipped like the past pieces of religious art, the Duomo is, by far, the best creation to represent the
Gehry draws his inspiration from famous paintings such as the Madonna and Child which he qualifies as a “strategy for architecture” (Friedman M. , 2003, p. 42) and which he used as an inspiration for a project in Mexico . Through his interpretation of the paintings and artwork, Gehry looked for a new kind of architecture. His search for a new type of architecture culminated in 1978 with his own house in Santa Monica. What was once a traditional Californian house would be redesigned to become one of the most important and revolutionary designs of the 20th century, giving Gehry international prestige and fame. Frank Gehry’s “Own House” uses a mixture of corrugated metal, plywood, chain link and asphalt to construct a new envelope for an existing typical Californian house. This house has been inspired by Joseph Cornell, Ed Moses and Bob Rauschenberg. Gehry comments on his house by saying that there was something “magical” (Friedman M. , 2003, p. 54) about it. He admits having “followed the end of his [my] nose” (Friedman M. , 2003, p. 54) when it came to constructing the “new” house, which led Arthur Drexler, former Director...
Dell Upton is a historian and renowned professor of architecture and Urbanism at the University of California. He has published several books on architecture; one of them is “Architecture in the United States”, published in 1998. In this book, Upton analyzes the architecture of the United States in different aspects, such as nature, money and art, thus depicting the great variety in architectural forms, and how throughout the decades, different interests have lead communities to different ways of building, different purposes and materials, thus reflecting their way of thinking and their relationship with the environment. By exploring so many different architectural styles, Upton reveals the great diversity and richness that has always, and continues to characterize American architecture.
Hunt, William Dudley Jr. “Beaux Arts, Ecole Des.” Hunt Encyclopedia of American Architecture, 1980 ed.
Rowland, Kurt F. A History of the Modern Movement: Art Architecture Design. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1973. 142. Print.
He created a style of architecture to reflect America’s character. The central themes of his style were the landscape, people, and democracy in America. His style was heavily influenced by the midwest, the region where he grew up. His houses aimed to encourage the inhabitants to connect and communicate with one another. The hearth, dining room, and terrace all exemplify this, creating, and open, warm and welcoming space.
He was called “artist of great culture, a true master, who is a devoted worker for the proletarian revolution” (Avant-Garde – Abstraction in Constructivism). Tatlin, V. Model of the Monument to the Third International. Naum Gabo is another representative of Constructivism and in his Realist Manifesto (1920) Gabo claimed that it was relevant and in the spirit of an epoch to substitute static mass with a dynamic form. He said about himself: “making images to communicate my feelings of the world”(Gabo, 1962)....
Sometimes the best revolutions are those that are forgotten. At least in the short run. And so it is with Robert Venturi, a revolutionary and remarkable architect. While he may not be as celebrated as Frank Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, or Louis Kahn, Venturi leaves behind a forceful intellectual legacy that is perhaps more durable than any building. By condemning the functionalism, simplicity, and orthodoxy of modernism in Contradiction and Complexity in Architecture (1966), he instigated an enduring architectural rebellion. This rebellion continues to run its course today. Notably, Venturi’s ideas sparked and profoundly influenced postmodernism, an international style whose buildings span from the beautiful to the gaudy and vulgar. Ultimately, Venturi’s alternative to modernism succeeded because he prized human experience and the interaction of individuals with architectural forms over a rigid, doctrinaire ideology.
Jencks briefly explains post-modern aesthetics from their modernist predecessors’ and pinpoints the instant of modernism’s death, writing “Happily, we can date the death of Modern Architecture to a precise moment in time… Modern Architecture died in St. Louis, Missouri, on July 15, 1972 at 3:32 p.m. (or thereabouts)...” (23). Unlike Jencks, literary scholars talk about the first, most original or famous representatives of modernism, but they completely avoid pinpointing an ultimate end to the movement. Due to architecture’s visual character and Jencks’ early, authoritative, and internationally read scholarship, the differences between modern and post-modern aesthetics are often clearer in architecture than in literature. Architecture provides a helpful visual counterpoint for modern and post-modern aesthetics in literature. According to him, architectural post-modernism favours pluralism, complexity, double coding, and historical contextualism.
Mies created established characteristics that became essential for modern architecture. “Less is more”. These three words really jump started the modernist movement in architecture and embodies the philosophy of minimalism. Stripping away the ornament and décor to get to the essence of a building. Mies van der Rohe changed architecture through these radical ideas. Many of these concepts we still see today in modern and minimalist styles. The simple and open plan has been replicated