Risk factors and their combinations encourages the act of domestic violence. At each ecological models of maltreatment, there are several risk factors and protective factors involved. Examples of risk factors include unemployment, lower educational standards, cultural acceptance of the use of physical abuse, social isolation and poor neighborhood. In addition, younger children, children with difficult temperament or development abnormalities, parenting skills, parental substance abuse, maternal mental illness, violence in family of origin single mother households or homes with non-biological parent, chaotic home environment and other types of violence within the family are also other significant risk factors (Hines, 2013, p.16).
In a study by Evans(2014), 193 randomly selected newly wedded couples were used. The study found that consistent support from a spouse can help IPV or child abuse witnesses and victims to cope (p. 535). This is an example of a protective factor, family and spousal support. The study also discussed that children who are beaten for minor offense or witnesses a parent, who is assaulted with a lethal weapon would have a
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In a study by Hahn, defects on physical and mental health contributes to intimate partner violence were analyzed . The study collected 34,563 adults equal or greater than the age of 18 and they were asked to complete an interview on alcohol and related conditions. Both males and females with mental health disorders, were more likely to be victimized by their intimate partners. Interventions for these physically and mentally impaired subjects brought good results. People with mental illnesses and disabilities are more vulnerable to more severe and chronic forms of domestic violence (Hahn, 2014, p.3080). Men and women are both victims to domestic violence, although women victims are often more frequent than male
Domestic Violence is a widely recognized issue here in the United States. Though many people are familiar with domestic violence, there are still many facts that people do not understand. Abuse is not just physical, it is mental, emotional, verbal, sexual and financial. Many victims of physical abuse are also fall victim to these abuse tactics as well. An abusive partner often uses verbal, mental, emotional, and financial abuse to break their partner so to speak. It is through this type of abuse the victim often feels as though they are not adequately meeting their partner’s needs.
Family risk factors are those factors associated with the child’s family. They include common conflict and physical violence in the family, history of child sexual abuse in the family, poor child adults relationship especially those of the opposite sex and supportive family environment to such abuse. Community factors include poor neighborhoods, lack of support from the legal system, community tolerance towards sexual violence and high levels of crime in the neighborhood (Finkelhor et al,
Domestic violence is a major problem in the United States. When most people think of domestic violence, they think of one person beating the other person in a relationship. Webster defines domestic violence as “the inflicting of physical injury by one family or household member on another.” Domestic violence has a major effect on children. Some people say that the violence has no effect, while others argue that the violence has a negative effect on children. Domestic violence scars children for the rest of their lives. Once children witness the act of violence, they are more likely to have problems throughout the rest of their lives. Domestic Violence has a negative effect on the way children behave, the way they learn, the careers they choose,
“Every 9 seconds in the US a woman is assaulted or beaten” (American Bar). Just think about how many women have been beaten or coerced into non-pleasurable acts in just one day, when every nine seconds in the United States, some women is being abused. Now, globally, think about how many more people are being domestically abused and even killed.
Each year approximately 4.8 million acts of physical or sexual aggression are perpetrated against women while 2.9 million physically aggressive acts are perpetrated against men within the United States (Edleson, Ellerton, Seagren, Kirchberg, Schmidt & Ambrose, 2007). Many of these incidents take place in the presences of children, which make these figures even more disturbing (Evans, Davies & DiLillo, 2008). Research indicates that 40.2% of United States battered women responding in national surveys state that their children have witnessed one or more abusive events (Edleson et al., 2007). Overall 66% of research samples regarding childhood exposure to domestic violence reported to having direct exposure to the abuse (Barnett, Miller-Perrin & Perrin, 2011).
Domestic violence, also referred to as intimate partner violence, intimate partner abuse or domestic abuse, affects over one million people in the United States alone. It can be carried out in any number of ways including physically, emotionally, sexually, psychologically and/or financially. Its legal definition considers it to be “any assault, battery, sexual assault, sexual battery, or any criminal offense resulting in physically injury or death of one family member or household member by another who is residing in the same single dwelling unit” (Brown, 2008). In the United States it is considered a major health problem so much so that it was declared the number one health concern by the U.S. Surgeon General in 1992 (Peterman & Dixon, 2003). Not only is it a rapidly growing health problem but it is a growing societal concern as well. Extending beyond the effect felt by the victims and their families, it impacts our communities, government, law enforcement and public service agencies.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), can be described as “"domestic violence," "intimate partner violence" describes physical, sexual, or psychological harm by a current or former intimate partner or spouse. This type of violence can occur among heterosexual or same-sex couples (National Institute of Justice, 2007). IPV has both male/female perpetrators and male/female victims. According to the National Institute of Justice (2007), “women are more likely to be victims of stalking and other victimizations than men” There are certain characteristics that allow women to become victims of victimization; early parenthood, severe poverty, and having an alcoholic partner. Black and Hispanic women who are young and live in the city carry a big chance of being victimized, as well as those women who lack an education and live in poverty. On the other hand Meadows (2010) also explains the characteristics of the male batterers. He explains that males become violent against their partner because of insecurity, fear of losing control, jealousy but especially their sole instinct of being in control (p.70).
There are many different types of domestic violence. Physical abuse is the most obvious form, but this is not to say that outsiders always recognize it. Generally, physical violence causes bodily harm, using a variety of methods. Slapping, pushing, throwing, hitting, punching, and strangling are only a few methods. An object or weapon may or may not be used. There is not always physical evidence of physical abuse such as bruising, bleeding, scratches, bumps, etc., therefore, absence of physical marks does not necessarily mean physical abuse had not occurred. Physical abuse sometimes escalates to murder (Morris and Biehl 7, Haley 14-17).
Introduction to Intimate Partner Violence Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a tremendously serious social and public health problem. Progression of intimate partner violence can lead to morbidity or mortality and affect various types of relationships. An intimate partner is one that is described by frequent contact, identifying as a couple, emotional bonding, and regular physical and/or sexual contact. A few examples of intimate partners include dating partners, spouses, girlfriends or boyfriends, and sexual partners. Violence within these intimate relationships can be psychological, physical, or sexual and present in heterosexual relationships, homosexual relationships, and to disabled partners in relationships.
Domestic violence can affect families in more ways than one: the husband-wife relationship, the children, and also the financial stability. “One woman is beaten by her husband or partner every 15 seconds in the United States” (Stewart & Croudep, 1998-2012). Domestic violence can interfere with the husband-wife relationship because one spouse is always in constant fear of the other. This violence could vary from physical abuse to psychological abuse, meaning that the abuser persuades the victim that they deserve the beating.... ...
Physical Violence is classified as an act of intentional violence that involves the use of force which could possibly result in physical harm, disability, or even death to the victim. According to Loveisrespect.org, “examples of physical abuse include hitting, scratching, shoving, grabbing, biting, throwing, choking, shaking, kicking, burning, physical restraint, use of a weapon, or otherwise causing intentional physical injury to the victim”
Different couples may experience domestic violence, it can occur between married or unmarried couples, couples who are rich, couples who are poor, those who may live together or separately, between heterosexual or same sex couples. Furthermore, being sexually active in a relationship is not required for domestic violence by intimate partners to occur. Race and ethnicity play a significant role in intimate partner homicide. Overall, African Americans were victimized by intimate partners at considerably higher rates than any other race. According to Callie and Sarah, African American females experience intimate violence at a rate 35% higher than white females, and 2 ½ times the rate of women of other races. African American males experienced intimate partner violence at a rate 62% higher than white males. (2000). Often Hispanic, and African American women live in areas where there is a high level of violence. Various factors are associated with the increase risk of intimate partner homicide, which include: poverty, low educational level, partner unemployment, and young
When I saw that the writing assignment for this week I can honestly say I did not look forward to sitting down and writing it. In fact, I put it off….did a ton of other things around my house before I could get myself to sit down and somehow put what I have to say about my personal experience/knowledge that I have with domestic violence.
McHugh, M. C., & Frieze, I. H. (2006). Intimate partner violence. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1087, 121–141. doi: 10.1196/annals.1385.011
According to the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) (n.d.), the causes of child abuse are 1) poverty, 2) less education, 3) unemployment, 4) changes in address, 5) marital problems, 6) lack of support, and 7) isolation. These factors are not only individual problems, but also social problems. Also, factors are considered to be interrelated to each other. For instance, parents in poverty are at higher risk of abused their children because they are more likely to struggle with economic problems because of unemployment. They are less likely to have stable jobs because of lack of education.