Rise and Fall of the Magan Civilization

Rise and fall of the Magan civilization

The transition of humanity from simple life which based on living in villages with small group of people in the Neolithic to establish city states and then civilizations from the Chalcolithic and the beginning of the Bronze Age ,was a tremendous leap in the history of humanity.This transition led people to improve their knowledge and promoted them to be more creative. Therefore, many inventions and discovers were known during this period such as discovering copper and bronze metal , developing cultivation methods , using potteries’ wheel , using sails in the boats,innovating wheels, which were used in transportation and using animals power(Menon,2010:p5). Thus, this age was known the Age of civilizations.

Therefore structure of civilizations changed and improved . Their cities became a center of economy ,politic ,culture and religions . Moreover, societies became hierarchy , on top king , priests and armies commanders and in middle farmers ,artists and craftspeople and in the bottom slaves. Their economy flourished as result of diversity of occupations as well as religion system which played role to demonstrate people .Finally, Knowledge of writing led kings to record economic transactions and social events(Duiker and Spielovgel,p:8).

The earliest city states in the world emergence on the banks of rivers in the Nile in Egypt , the Tigris and Euphrates in Iraq, Indus in India and the Yellow river in China. They prospered as result of availability of natural resources , trade activities and an increase of knowledge. These led their neighbors to emergence as result of trade and increased demand on materials which were not available in those civilization.

Due to developme...

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.... These tombs look very nice and the polished limestone look like pieces of sugar. The diameter of temples of this period was 7 -8 m.

By the beginning of late period of Umm A’Nar, the frontage walls of these become greater. Some of them contain two floors the height of which is about 10 – 12m and sometimes 14m. They were built by using huge limestone plates reaching 1m height and they were decorated with prominent sculptures comprising drawings of humans, animals and snakes. These drawings help understanding the nature of lifestyle of inhabitants of 3000 BC. The roofs of Umm A’Nar temples were flattened using huge stony plates. A roof gutter at the external ends of the tomb surface is provided to drain rainwater.

2:3.Tombs in the Wadi Suq period 2000-1300BC

This period witnessed architecture of tombs completely changed from previous periods.