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Cases on rights of the accused
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Everyone in the United States have specific rights when they are criminally accused. “I consider trial by jury as the only anchor ever yet imagined by man, by which a government can be held to the principles of its constitution.” This quote was from Thomas Jefferson. Trial by jury goes along with everyone having rights when they are accused, it is one of the basic things in the bill of rights, that when you are accused, you have the right to a trial by jury. There are many other rights as well. I had already known some things about this topic. Other stuff was new knowledge to me. Something that I already knew was that when you are being arrested, the officer arresting you has to read you your rights as an American. I also knew that you have the right to a speedy and public trial. This was about all that I knew about this topic before I decided to research it. I wanted to know what a lot of the rights of the criminally accused were. I did a lot of research for this paper. I found most of my articles on the Internet. I was able to find some things from my civics notes, which were very helpful in some of these things. I have found five different articles and I have learned certain facts from all of them that I did not know before. The main rights that the criminally accused have is a speedy and public trial by and impartial jury, to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation, that if he/she can’t afford an attorney, one will be appointed to you (“Sixth Amendment”, np). Another right that the accused have is self-incrimination, which is testifying against oneself, and double jeopardy, which is being tried twice for the same crime if you are found not guilty. The Fifth Amendment secures both of these rights.... ... middle of paper ... ... of Rights." Fundamental Constitutional Rights as a Criminally Accused Person. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. . Hornberger, Jacob G.. "The Bill of Rights: The Rights of the Accused." The Future of Freedom Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. . Mott, Jonathan . "ThisNation.com--Rights of the Accused." ThisNation.com--Rights of the Accused. N.p., 1 Dec. 2013. Web. 1 Dec. 2013. . "Rights of the Accused." : Supreme Court Cases. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. . "Sixth Amendment." TheFreeDictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Dec. 2013. .
Elsen, Sheldon, and Arthur Rosett. “Protections for the Suspect under Miranda v. Arizona.” Columbia Law Review 67.4 (1967): 645-670. Web. 10 January 2014.
This is derived from the rights Americans have to not be forced to testify against themselves in a criminal case. But, the Fifth Amendment also protects against double jeopardy and gives people charged with a felony the right to a grand jury indictment (Bohm & Haley, 2011). Double jeopardy basically states that if a conviction or acquittal was reached in a criminal case, the person can no longer be tried again for the same offense (Bohm & Haley, 2011). The procedural rights for self-incrimination are also applied to any custodial situations the police conduct. To ensure that statements, or confessions a suspect makes are allowed in court there is a two-prong tests that should be followed. First, is the person considered to be in a custodial situation and two, are the police intending to ask incriminating questions. If yes is the answers to both then the suspect must be read his or her rights. This is known as giving someone his or her Miranda rights derived from the famous case
Feinberg, J. “ The Nature and Value of Rights.” Journal of Value Inquiry 4(1970): 243
Attempt by Congress to strike a balance between society's need for protection from crime and accused right to adequate proce...
Schultz, David, and John R. Vile. The Encyclopedia of Civil Liberties in America. 710-712. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale Virtual Reference Library, n.d. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. .
The right to have trial by jury is an easy and simple right letting someone to be able to choose to have their fate be decide by a group of people with having different opinions from different minds letting them have a better chance of finding out the truth, because people have different perspectives in what they see. Which is also a very important right to the freedom we have and to our country. In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. Which defines as if someone gets charged over twenty dollars, then they’re able to ask for a jury to hear their side of the case before they lose their money and once the jury makes their decision they can not change it. This Amendment is important to our freedom because into the decision of the Farmers while they were writing on the Bill of Rights they thought it would only be fair to have an equal court system.
Rehnquist, William H., Brennan, William J. "A Casebook on the Law and Society: What Rights
Racial discrimination is greatly alive in today’s world. Consider a trial in which an African American male is being accused of murdering a middle aged Caucasian woman. A jury composed completely of middle aged Caucasian women is not impartial which increases bias and prejudice, potentially leading to an unfair verdict. Failure to be knowledgeable of the nature of ones’ charges automatically promote unfairness. The accused would ultimately be clueless and left in the dark throughout the criminal justice process, by not knowing the charges filed against him and why. Witnesses testifying against the defense tend to feel pressured into telling the truth when confronted by the defendant in court (Annenberg, n.d.). Therefore, without this right in place, witnesses of the prosecution may be more subjected into lying to make their case, although they are under oath. Also, the accused may not be allowed to fully tell their side to the story or argue their cases to its fullest potential should they not have this right. In addition, most people living in the United States are not fully aware of their rights or knowledgeable of the criminal justice system and, for this reason, cannot effectively represent themselves in court. Should they have no choice but to, they are likely to receive a more severe punishment, one that a defense attorney may argue to not
"Declaration of the Rights of Man - 1789." The Avalon Project. Yale Law School, n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2014.
Miranda v. Arizona is a very important activist decision that required police to inform criminal suspects of their rights before they could be interrogated. These rights include: the right to remain silent, that anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law, you have a right to an attorney, if you cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed to you be the court. In this case the Fifth Amendment's right that a person may not be forced to incriminate one's self was interpreted in an activist way as meaning that one must be aware of this right before on is interrogated by the police. Prior to this ruling it was common practice to force and coerce confessions from criminal suspects who did not know they had the right not to incriminate themselves.
Declaration of Human Rights: Dignity and Justice for All of Us. Accessed on October 29,
Walsh, James, and Dan Browning. "Presumed Guilty Until Proved Innocent." Star Tribune (Minneapolis, MN). 23 Jul 2000: A1+. SIRS Issues Researcher.
The Fifth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution provides, "No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury…nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property… nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation"(Cornell). The clauses within the Fifth Amendment outline constitutional limits on police procedure. Within them there is protection against self-incrimination, it protects defendants from having to testify if they may incriminate themselves through the testimony. A witness may plead the fifth and not answer to any questioning if they believe it can hurt them (Cornell). The Bill of Rights, which consists of the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, enumerates certain basic personal liberties. Laws passed by elected officials that infringe on these liberties are invalidated by the judiciary as unconstitutional. The Fifth Amendment was ratified in 1791; the Framers of the Fifth Amendment intended that its revisions would apply only to the actions of the federal government. After the Fourteenth was ratified, most of the Fifth Amendment's protections were made applicable to the states. Under the Incorporation Doctrine, most of the liberties set forth in the Bill of Rights were made applicable to state governments through the U.S. Supreme Court's interpretation of the Due Process and Equal Protection Clauses of the Fourteenth Amendment (Burton, 2007).
They are the impartial third-party whose responsibility is to deliver a verdict for the accused based on the evidence presented during trial. They balance the rights of society to a great extent as members of the community are involved. This links the legal system with the community and ensures that the system is operating fairly and reflecting the standards and values of society. A trial by jury also ensures the victim’s rights to a fair trial. However, they do not balance the rights of the offender as they can be biased or not under. In the News.com.au article ‘Judge or jury? Your life depends on this decision’ (14 November 2013), Ian Lloyd, QC, revealed that “juries are swayed by many different factors.” These factors include race, ethnicity, physical appearance and religious beliefs. A recent study also found that juries are influenced by where the accused sits in the courtroom. They found that a jury is most likely to give a “guilty” verdict if the accused sits behind a glass dock (ABC News, 5 November 2014). Juries also tend to be influenced by their emotions; hence preventing them from having an objective view. According to the Sydney Morning Herald article ‘Court verdicts: More found innocent if no jury involved’ (23 November 2013), 55.4 per cent of defendants in judge-alone trials were acquitted of all charges compared with 29 per cent in jury trials between 1993 and 2011. Professor Mark Findlay from the University of Sydney said that this is because “judges were less likely to be guided by their emotions.” Juries balance the rights of victims and society to a great extent. However, they are ineffective in balancing the rights of the offender as juries can be biased which violate the offender’s rights to have a fair
"The Innocent and the Death Penalty." Innocenceproject.org/. Innocence Project, n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2013. .