Rhine Flooding Case Study
Introduction: -
The River Rhine is one of Europe's largest and most used waterways.
The source of this great river can be found in the Swiss Alps, where
it stretches 1,320km until it flows out into the Dutch North Sea. The
Rhine has a long history of intense flooding and recent devastating
floods in the 1990's have caused considerable damage and are well
remembered by the local population.
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Causes: -
The causes of these forceful floods can be traced back to a number of
different things including human factors such as deforestation, the
greenhouse effect (this is show by the facts stating the 1°C
temperature rise in southern Germany and the winter precipitation in
the Rhine catchment increasing by 40%) and the straightening of the
Rhine for commercial purposes. Humans currently use 80% of the former
floodplains. Roads and railways cross the alluvial areas behind the
protecting dykes; cities and villages have spread to the fertile river
plains. This inundation of the floodplains has caused flooding in the
lower reaches of the river during the period of snowmelts in spring.
In 1995 heavy rainfall struck many parts of Europe, so heavy infact
that some areas experienced it continuously from November 1994 to
February 1995. The snow on the Alps melted quickly and the ground was
saturated due to the heavy rainfall, this meant that further rain was
hastily transported to rivers as overland flow.
Human causes include urbanisation in the Rhine catchment, which has
led to a threefold increase in its built-up areas; the concrete and
tarmac send more water to the river than the fields which they
replaced. Also pressure for use as farmland or building means that the
Rhine has lost much of its riverside marsh and floodplain that used to
hold back floodwater.
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Results: -
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Floods can cause great damage to land and water-related constructions,
which can have disastrous consequences for people and economies, both
short and long-term.
Case study: the flooding that occurred in Minden Hills in the spring of 2013, flooded the downtown core. The picturesque cottage town has the Gull River flowing through it. The river overflowed in April because of many reasons: a couple of days of rain, the third largest amount in over a century, but it also happened because the frost in the ground stopped the water from going into the Earth, the lakes and rivers being full from the spring thaw, and the rapid
A major flood on any river is both a long-term and a short-term event, particularly any river basin where human influence has exerted "control" over the ri...
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