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Medieval Christian Europe
Medieval lifestyle
Medieval Christian Europe
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The decisions we make impact our future like the people from the past. Therefore, we ultimately decide our future. Drawing from the past, our predecessors have created the present. Continuing this cycle, we are now the ones creating the future. Ever since the past, people have made their own choices that had led to their fate. Likewise, we experience similar situations where make decisions to produce an outcome. Through the dragon symbol and an appeal to a medieval audience, my short sermon illustrates the implications of free will and serves as an allegorical lesson for modern readers.
In my RIP project, the dragon symbolizes an evil force. In order to characterize the dragon, rhetorical devices deliver its persona and aura. In the phrase
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where the dragon “will soar above the midnight sky with bat-like wings,” imagery creates the scene by featuring the dragon’s physical traits and depicting it as a flying creature. To further physically describe the dragon, the simile that the dragon has “scales like a slithering snake” compares the dragon to a snake in order to emphasize how dangerous it is. Recognizing that the dragon is known as the “Destroyer,” this allusion refers to a religious reference of the Devil, while the “Creator” is known as God in Christianity. Retrospectively, feudalism and Christianity were essential in maintaining socio-economic and religious stability.
During the fifteenth century, manorial power has waned as time progressed, empowering the peasants to establish their own short-scale system of social justice (Fifteenth-century attitudes). The dominance of villages granted peasants control of communal affairs. At the same time, challenges on faith and religion have occurred (“Church in the Middle Ages”). Driven by rebellions and unfaithfulness, the short sermon warns dissenters of of possible tragedies and also comforts the obedient. Using a passionate, cautionary, and serious tone, the narrator informs about the dragon’s wrath and how to be saved. In the RIP, the conflict between human versus unnatural creature intensify if peasants fail to make the right decision. Moreover, the purpose of the short sermon is to warn medieval peasants of the future. Due to lack of literacy and paper prints in medieval Europe, the short sermon is delivered orally and structured in medieval language. As stated in the journal article “Medieval Allegory,” …show more content…
“. As demonstrated in my short sermon, the rhetorical strategies is tailored to warn a medieval audience.
In the text, the targeted audience are medieval peasants because the setting mentions about a feudalist society. To warn them about the consequences of the choices we make, my RIP project exposes that free will enables us to make life-changing choices. This idea is reflected in “Free Will and Determination,” as it illustrates that “in God's mind everything is determined in advance,” and that “the active believer is wholly ignorant of this determination and therefore enjoys fully the freedom to choose” (9) to imply that the vast freedom of humanity has its own implications that change the future. Since medieval peasants have free will, they are offered a choice whether to listen to the sermon’s warning or not. After alerting the peasants, the faithful ones receive guidance and solidarity. As this online encyclopedia also argues that “[even] the existence of evil in face of the omnipotence of God is justified in terms of the supremacy of humankind's essential freedom to adopt its own goals and to choose its own course of action,” (10) in which proves that non-believers are willing to challenge their own fate and destiny despite what the prophecy
foretells. Prospectively, the short sermon leaves a legacy and allegorical lesson to today’s individuals. In modern times, Every day, we make a choice whether to take things seriously or to take things for granted. These choices can resolve the current conflict or cause more chaos. Therefore, we must be careful with the choices we make. While predestination warns us about the future, free will allows us to choose the course of action in spite of the consequences. However, the joys of free will allow us the freedom to choose, which may prevent us from making the right decisions. Since all decisions matter, no matter how insignificant or vital they may seem, each choice we make has an outcome that will determine the future.
...such as extreme spiritual austerities can hold their place in history because they mattered to the people who practiced them, not necessarily because they were an agent for driving change. Bynum rejects morally absolutist reconstructions of the past in favour of a more relativistic reading which delves into the imagination and subconscious of the medieval writers themselves. She meets them, as much as possible, in their own milieu rather than projecting modern constructions (such as ‘anorexia nervosa’) into the past where they serve little use in our understanding of the medieval mind. Despite her close work with the Annalist School, Bynum makes no attempt toward ‘l’Histoire Totale’ or some grand narrative of the past, and in this regard the work is most honest, thought-provoking, and definitive for 21st century scholars studying the medieval mind and its times.
As Theoden’s soldiers embark on a journey towards defending Gondor, they had yet to seize the motivation and power needed to become victorious in the battle. They had gazed upon the enemy’s great army and brutalness that awaited them at a hilltop, and have increasingly lost all hope and energy. Theoden, understanding the importance of the battle and the physical and mental exhaustion of his soldiers, had stimulated encouragement during a short address promptly before the epic battle took place. Taking advantage of the situation of a sun peeking out through Sauron’s clouds, Theoden had vitalized his army by instilling appeals to emotion as well as a dynamic tone within his brief speech.
Aberth, John. From the Brink of the Apocalypse: Confronting Famine, War, Plague, and Death in the Later Middle Ages. New York: Routledge, 2001. Print.
The concept of choice is one that humans have abused time and time again. While free will may seem like a positive, the storyteller often portrays what can go wrong when humans are making the decisions. The way in which these choices are made can happen in a variety of manners, but the fundamentals of free will are very similar from story to story. In “The Chameleon is Late” and “The Two Bundles”, free will results in death remaining on earth, but the decisions that led to this outcome were made in unique ways.
Singer presents that one’s attitude to the unavoidable creates free will. The conscious choice to not be influenced by the inexplicable of life and maintain a positive outlook give one the necessary choice for free will to exist. Free will, he argues, is largely a matter of attitude. Though Gimpel’s outlook does depend on a strong faith, with it, most of the things that are outside of Gimpel’s control become insignificant. He cannot control his wife’s infidelity but with his outlook, such things don’t matter. At every step, one is able to make the choice to either let the external forces influence your behavior and feeling or consciously know that such forces are just a part of life and continue with your
In respect to the arguments of Ayer and Holbach, the dilemma of determinism and its compatibility with that of free will are found to be in question. Holbach makes a strong case for hard determinism in his System of Nature, in which he defines determinism to be a doctrine that everything and most importantly human actions are caused, and it follows that we are not free and therefore haven’t any moral responsibility in regard to our actions. For Ayer, a compatibilist believing that free will is compatible with determinism, it is the reconciliation and dissolution of the problem of determinism and moral responsibility with free willing that is argued. Ayer believes that this problem can be dissolved by the clarification of language usage and the clarification of what freedom is in relationship to those things that oppose freedom or restrain it. In either case, what is at stake is the free will of an agent, and whether or not that agent is morally responsible. What is to be seen from a discussion of these arguments is the applicability and validity of these two philosophies to situations where one must make a choice, and whether or not that person is acting freely and is thus responsible given his current situation. In this vein, the case of Socrates’ imprisonment and whether or not he acted freely in respect to his decision to leave or stay in prison can be evaluated by the discussion of the arguments presented in respect to the nature of free will in its reconciliation with determinism in the compatibilist vein and its absence in the causality of hard determinism.
It has been sincerely obvious that our own experience of some source that we do leads in result of our own free choices. For example, we probably believe that we freely chose to do the tasks and thoughts that come to us making us doing the task. However, we may start to wonder if our choices that we chose are actually free. As we read further into the Fifty Readings in Philosophy by Donald C. Abel, all the readers would argue about the thought of free will. The first reading “The System of Human Freedom” by Baron D’Holbach, Holbach argues that “human being are wholly physical entities and therefore wholly subject to the law of nature. We have a will, but our will is not free because it necessarily seeks our well-being and self-preservation.” For example, if was extremely thirsty and came upon a fountain of water but you knew that the water was poisonous. If I refrain from drinking the water, that is because of the strength of my desire to avoid drinking the poisonous water. If I was too drink the water, it was because I presented my desire of the water by having the water overpowering me for overseeing the poison within the water. Whether I drink or refrain from the water, my action are the reason of the out coming and effect of the motion I take next. Holbach concludes that every human action that is take like everything occurring in nature, “is necessary consequences of cause, visible or concealed, that are forced to act according to their proper nature.” (pg. 269)
Throughout the hundreds of years, individuals have pondered the impact of heavenly or insidious force, environment, hereditary qualities, even excitement, as deciding how free any individual is in settling on good decisions. Fate, a result of the past, is often described as the advancement of occasions out of man 's control, dictated by an extraordinary force. In any case that someone may utilize their freewill can reflect upon their outcomes, decided upon a supreme force, whether they are positive or negative. In the novels “A Lesson Before Dying,” Ernest Gaines and “The Grapes of Wrath,” John Steinbeck, the authors explore the trials and tribulations of self influenced fate controlled by an higher force.
There is a lot to prove that Paneloux first sermon contains a lot of bad ideas. Even though God does bring His wrath out on the world a lot in the Bible, the plague is mos...
When they first find the old man, the villagers claim that “he’s an angel” (Marquez 1). There is no denying the man’s divinity but he seems to represents much more than your average angel. In fact, the old man doesn’t resemble the typical image of an angel at all. Rather than being a young and pure angel, he is “much too human” with his “unbearable smell”. His angelic wings are even “strewn with parasites” with mistreated feathers (2). This contrasting imagery, however, doesn’t completely undermine the old man’s divinity; rather it draws attention to his lackluster appearance. The disappointments we feel towards the old man along with his particular characteristics make him remarkably similar to the one of bible’s tragic heroes; he is th...
The topic referenced an event based on superstition, with people in Europe fearing of the unknown. During the fourteen century the Black Death accrued. The Black Death happened to kill 20 million people and got people to create superstitions based on why it had occurred. The superstition was stated as, “Everything you believe would threaten what they believe… those people lived there lives immersed in superstition” (64 Ruiz and Ruiz). Most people believed in God, so with their religious beliefs they created a superstition saying that the disaster they were going through was God’s punishment. People would stay in churches to ask for forgiveness so that they wouldn’t catch the illness. They, the authors, point out that our lives are guided by superstition and beliefs. As well as our difficulties with difference between lies and the truth. Using historic context, readers were able to understand the beliefs the authors were trying to convey. Once the reader agrees and understands, they’ll easily apply the information towards their
Although The Dream of the Rood and Caedmon’s Hymn stand alone as great pieces of Anglo-Saxon literature, closer analysis of the similarities in each poem reveals the blending of Christian and pagan values to subconsciously indoctrinate the people of early England for the eventual mass conversion of the entire island itself. The focus will largely be on the structure of these two works as well as the motivation behind each piece of literature. The structure of these pieces are displayed in a specific, purposeful way to enable them to be more appealing and familiar to early Anglo-Saxon England. Another aspect of this essay will be the underlying themes in each tale and what greater purpose they serve in the church’s plan to convert the island. Both of these works present several themes on the surface, however, a critical analysis reveals several hidden themes that perpetuate the agenda of the early church in England. Another theme we often see in early English works has been the influence of the supernatural, though these works transform the supernatural into miraculous events for the good of humanity. Each of these works transform, or blend the traditional pagan values
but believes that each individual has an inevitable future. The debate between fate and free will
...ate. This is shown in the books The Prince, Macbeth, The Oresteia, and The Divine Comedy. God is the one who decides what happens to someone during their life, but humans can influence his decision and ultimately decide their own fate. In Macbeth and The Oresteia, Agamemnon and Macbeth are both given prophecies. Agamemnon was given a choice on sacrificing his daughter or not and Macbeth had the choice to either let chance happen or take matters into his own hands. These books show that human beings do in fact have control over their fate. Sometimes in these books they blame the Gods or other people and say that they made them do it. Since human beings have free will this is not a viable excuse. People can react to things however they want. Therefore, even though God may decide what happens to you, human beings control their fate by the actions they choose in life.
We make choices every hour, every minute, and every second of our lives; whether big or small our choices are slowly putting us in the direction we choose or end up. Many of us do not realize what contributes to the choices we make and why it affects others the same way if affects us and because of this many authors and writers have written stories and articles about coming to terms with making a choice and how to better ourselves when it comes to decision-making for the future.