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The role of social media in protest movements
The role of social media in protest movements
The role of social media in protest movements
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Barrackpur on 29th March 1857. He attacked his senior officer Lieutenant Baugh and severely wounded him. Thus the resentment of the sepoys expressed itself just before the beginning of the revolt. The revolt of 1857 began on 10 May, 1857 with the mutiny of the Sepoys at Meerut (in present Uttar Pradesh) but soon it engulfed wide regions and the people. In fact the participation of the feudal lords, native rulers, etc. increased the intensity of the Revolt and it was no longer confined to the sepoys alone. At Lucknow, Begum Hazrat Mahal, the widow of Nawab Wazid Ali Shah raised the banner of rebellion. At Kanpur, Nana Saheb, the adopted son of the last Peshwa Baji Rao II, living in exile, revolted along with his lieutenant Tantia Topi. In Bihar, Raja Kunwar Singh, a zamindar of Arah became the oldest rebel leader aged 80 years. He provided greatest support to other rebel leaders. Rani Laxmibai, widow of Raja Gangadhar Rao of Jhansi, raised the banner of rebellion. She was the bravest leader of the rebellion who fought like a true heroine. Though she was killed by the British army, Sir Hugh Rose, the commander of the British army who defeated her called her the bravest and greatest of the rebel leaders. In Assam also the message of the Revolt of 1857 was carried by Maniram Dewan, an Assamese noble and ex-chief Executive or Dewan of the Assam Tea Company. Multiple meanings of 1857 for Indians in Britain by ‘Michael H Fischer’- With the advent of British in India, there was a huge migration from India to Britain for many reasons for e.g. for the purpose of service, labor, study etc. in his article Michael H Fischer has complements works of historians and commentators about the disparate roles and responses of various Bri... ... middle of paper ... ...cial sympathy for all Indian diplomats currently there. Nevertheless, several missions persisted. To have any hope of success, however, they had now additionally to protest their loyalty to the British. For example, the ambassadors from Awadh sent a petition to the House of Lords in which they expressed their "...sincere regret [at] the tidings which have reached the British kingdom of disaffection prevailing among native troops in India". THE BEGINNING OF PEOPLES WAR IN INDIA BY- Kaushik Roy- The 19th century witnessed the emergence of a new form of warfare. The “limited war” of the 18th century was replaced by the “people’s war” in the mid-19th century which in turn gave rise to “total war” during the first half of the 20th century.1 The European 18th century wars were of limited liability fought without any moral or ideological issues.
Shay's Rebellion was the first armed uprising of the new nation. It was caused by the absence of debt relief legislation in Massachusetts. When the Revolution ended, merchants and creditors lobbied for high taxes and against paper money. They were successful. These procreditor polices underminded farmers' finances. The legislation, including foreclosure laws, were extremely taxing to farmers and caused many to go into great debt. Many farmers were dragged to court where they faced high legal fees and threats of imprisonment because of their debt. In 1786, farmers in Massachusetts attended extralegal meetings where they protested against high taxes and aggressive eastern creditors. Bands of angry farmers joined together to close law courts with force and freed debtors and fellow protesters from jail. Resistance to the legislation climbed to a full-scale revolt. John Adams, president at the time, answered with the Riot Act, which outlawed illegal assemblies. The rebellion was suppressed by military force. The rebellion prompted leaders with national perspective to redouble their efforts and create a stronger central government.
Much like chapter two, chapter four provides an overview of the East India Company's Bengali sepoy regiments. Chapter five addresses the major causes of the Sepoy Rebellion, and summarizes its events and participants. Chapter six provides a short historiographical review of three Indian texts on the Sepoy Rebellion, exposing the reader to Indian interpretations of the events. Finally, part three consists of chapter seven, which is a comparison of the major similarities and differences of Batavian Revolt and Sepoy Rebellion, and serves to highlight key aspects of both.
Several Colonists desired self rule but were against taking violent measures to obtain freedom from the Europeans. An example of this is shown in the Indian Independence Movement, where political leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak believed that the Indians had a “stronger weapon, a political weapon, in boycott” (Document 6). Due to the Indian culture and religion often calling for pacifism, Tilak and the other Indian “rebels” would be more likely to seek peaceful methods of protest like boycotting in order to regain power. Document 6 illustrates a much more strategic and peaceful method to combating imperialism. This can be partially attributed to the Indian’s fairly decent relations with their British rulers. A more disapproving than violent sentiment toward the British can also be seen in Lin Zexu’s letter to Queen Victoria where Zexu claims that “they may not intend to harm others on purpose… they are so obsessed with material gain that they have no concern whatever for the harm they can cause” (Document 1). Zexu’s more subdued point of view could be that she is writing to the Queen of England, and thus shows respect, or that Zexu is less aggravated than some of her fellow Chinese neighbors on the effects of imperialism. Although some of the Colonists displayed less violent emotions than others, they still desired self
World War I is marked by its extraordinary brutality and violence due to the technological advancement in the late 18th century and early 19th century that made killing easier, more methodical and inhumane. It was a war that saw a transition from traditional warfare to a “modern” warfare. Calvary charges were replaced with tanks; swords were replaced with machine guns; strategic and decisive battles were r...
The political crisis of the 1850’s is one of the most underrated influential decades in US history. Many people talk about the 1920’s and the 1940’s and 50’s; however, much of that history ─ especially of that between the late 1940’s and the late 1960’s ─ was predicated upon by the crisis of the 1850’s. To understand its importance, one must understand its composition, its origin, and its effect. The crisis of the 1850’s, predicated upon the furious debates of slavery in new western territories and consisting over debates of states’ rights versus federal power, had lasting effects directly concerning the Civil War and on the nation especially in relation to the century long ideological battle over race in America.
Not only did the inequality and separation of the Indian society frustrate the citizens of India, but the imperialism Britain had upon them as well. In the early 20th century, Indian nationalists wanted to take a stand against the British rule and make India independent. The British created unfair laws that created a nationalist movement in India to regain their freedom. He believed that there should not be a Caste System because of one’s birth.
...ember 1907 – 23 March 1931) was an Indian socialist considered to be one of the most influential revolutionaries of the Indian independence movement. His legacy prompted youth in India to begin fighting for Indian independence and he continues to be a youth idol as well as inspiration for modern India. Bhagat Singh felt his life should be dedicated to the noblest cause, that of the freedom of the country. Therefore, there is no rest or worldly desire that can lure him. Bhagat Singh is known for his courage, radical measures, ardent revolts, and his vision for India's independence and future of India. Bhagat Singh led the youth of India towards the achievement of goals which was the independence of India. As a teenager Bhagat Singh was a voracious reader. He studied European revolutionary movements and was attracted to Anarchist and Marxist ideologies. (Singh, 2011)
The 21st Century has marked an era for the Just war principle. The theory of Justice and warfare has enabled for p...
"All the leadership had spent their early years in England. They were influenced by British thought, British ideas, that is why our leaders were always telling the British "How can you do these things? They're against your own basic values.". We had no hatred, in fact it was the other way round - it was their values that made us revolt." -Aruna Asaf Ali, a leader of the Indian National Congress. (Masani, quoted in Wood, 32, 1989)
To what extent was the discontentment of the industrial workers the main cause of the 1905 revolution in Russia?
Europe in the early 20th century was a cesspool of jingoistic nationalism, industrial development, and imperialistic conquests, but this fusion of new concepts in the era arose seemingly distinct from previous thoughts; however, this amalgamation of ideals acted as a natural development of the beliefs of previous generations, if seemingly split from prior thinking. Beginning starkly with industrialization of Europe, past philosophies were overlooked for more realistic ideologies stemming from the competition arising from military and economic intimidation. The novel thinking emerging on the self, the state, and the world climaxed with the outbreak of the Great War. From industrialization, the velocity and volume of violence increased dramatically with numerous military advancements that spawned a war the likes of which was never seen on Earth prior, and from nationalism, the production and logistics to create violence allowed for the upkeep of colossal conflicts. Total war, a new form of complete mobilization, was only made possible through the principles and relationships developed in the century prior.
In the 1600's the English took advantage of the crumbling Mughals. In 1757, Robert Clive led an unquestionable victory against the Indian Forces at the Battle of Plassey. After that battle, the East India Company was the leading force in India. Eventually, the company governed directly or indirectly areas that included modern day Bangladesh, most of southern India and almost all of the land along the Ganges River in the north. Until the 19th century, the East India Company ruled with little to no interference from Britain. The company had even established their own army. The company staffed its army with British and Indian Soldiers, or Sepoy, with the Sepoys eventually out numbering the British soldiers ten to one. Mountstuart Elphinstone, the governor of Bombay referred to the Sepoy army as “a delicate and dangerous machine, which a little mismanagement may easily turn against us.” (British Imperialism in India.)
Lastly, Gandhi continued to struggle with the satyagraha belief and was willing to devote his time on demanding the British to “quit India.” However, despite being imprisoned for this campaign, Gandhi aroused upheaval from the Indians who insisted the British to remove Gandhi from captivity. After the execution of the Salt March, the events that followed supported Gandhi’s philosophy on the satyagraha movement and further brought India closer to its independence from the British colonization. Works Cited Furbee, Mary and Mike Furbee. The Importance of Mohanda Gandhi.
The decision to grant independence to India was not the logical culmination of errors in policy, neither was it as a consequence of a mass revolution forcing the British out of India, but rather, the decision was undertaken voluntarily. Patrick French argues that: “The British left India because they lost control over crucial areas of the administration, and lacked the will and the financial or military ability to recover that control”.
As a direct result of the Sepoy Mutiny, the Indian presence in the British army was reduced to almost a half of what it had been. Also whereas before Indian regiments had been allowed to exist separately, they were now incorporated to be part of larger British regiments. High caste Hindus and Brahmins were stereotyped as dishonest, because of their role as provokers and their nationalist sympathies. The opposite can be said of such groups as the Sikhs, who were portrayed as model citizens and soldiers.