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The revenue recognition concept
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Whenever a product is sold, the seller earns and reports the revenue. However, in the real world such sales transactions are not as straight forward, and the principle of revenue recognition is one that creates the most issues for accountants. Now a days the process of selling has become quite complex. There are many issues and procedures involved. Customers have the option to make payments right away when making the sale, or can choose to make the payment in installments as agreed to in the sales contract. There are many credit and financing options available. Customers also have guaranteed return days. All of these incentives help make it easier for customers to buy products increasing sales for the seller; however, the job of an accountant has become more challenging. Accountants have yet to come up with a system that perfectly suites revenue recognition, and is compatible with all the various industries.
“The President and CEO of FEI, Colleen Cunningham, ranks revenue recognition in the top 3 financial reporting issues faced by accountants today. In 2006, a survey was conducted in the Financial Accounting Standards Advisory Council and the FASB. Majority of the members in both organizations felt that finding the solutions to the issues regarding revenue recognition should be FASB’s top priority. (Graziano 2005).” In this paper some of the challenges and issues concerning revenue recognition and the procedures set in place by various accounting organizations, including FASB will be discussed.
Accounta...
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...the most troublesome financial reporting topics, winning votes of many accounting professionals as being the number 1 issue to be dealt with by the FASB. Though many alternative solutions are being suggested, only time will tell how effectively the FASB is able to eliminate the problems.
References
1. Graziano, Cheryl de Mesa. "Revenue Recognition: A Perennial Problem." Financial Executive Magazine (2005)
2. Tiller, Mikel G., Jan R. Williams, and "Revenue Recognition Under New FASB Statements." The CPA Journal 52(1982)
3. Clark, Ronald L.. "Revenue - Recognition Decisions: A Slippery Slope?." The CPA Journal (2006)
4. Kieso, Donald E., and Jerry J. Weygandt . Intermediate Accounting. 11th. Wiley, 2004
5. FASB Statement of Standard No. 48
Financial Accounting Standards Board. (1985). Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 86. Norwalk. Retrieved April 7, 2014, from http://www.fasb.org/cs/BlobServer?blobkey=id&blobnocache=true&blobwhere=1175820922177&blobheader=application%2Fpdf&blobheadername2=Content-Length&blobheadername1=Content-Disposition&blobheadervalue2=189998&blobheadervalue1=filename%3Dfas86.pdf&blobcol=url
...-based, charge-based, and contractual payment systems. (p. 7). CRC Press. Retrieved from http://books.google.com/books?id=sCzhN9HruM0C&dq=fee schedule based payment&source=gbs_navlinks_s
Reimers, Jane L. (2003). Financial Accounting A Business Process Application. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
The majorities of financial advisers do not have a formal accounting or tax background and thus have some challenges to overcome when reading tax returns of their clients. However they are still asked to help their clients in future planning. Since most accounting is to be done based on compliance with GAAP it would make sense to think that tax accounting should also be done this way, however both the IRS and the courts have stated that compliance with GAAP is of little significance when dealing with the objectives of tax accounting. The objectives of both accounting methods are simply different, because the primary goal of financial accounting is to provide useful information to all stakeholders and the primary goal of the income tax system is the equitable collection of revenue. Because of these differences it can be said that the users of accounting information are different for both methods. The assumption for financial accounting is the going-concern and the tax accounting system ignores this assumption. These differences give us the concept of timing differences and permanent differences. Understanding...
Plunkett, Linda M., and Robert W. Rouse. "Revenue Recognition and the Bausch and Lomb Case." CPA Journal Sept. 1998: n. pag. CPA Journal. Web. 16 May 2014.
The goal of the Codification is to simplify the organization of thousands of authoritative U.S. accounting pronouncements issued by multiple standard-setters. To achieve this goal, the FASB initiated a project to integrate and topically organize all relevant accounting pronouncements issued by the U.S. standard-setters including those of the FASB, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA), and the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF)
To help accounting professionals easily navigate through 50-plus years of unorganized US generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and standards the Trustees of the Financial Accounting Foundation approved the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification (Codification.) By codifying authoritative US GAAP, FASB will provide users with real-time and accurate information in one location. Concurrently, FASB developed the FASB Codification Research System; a web-based system allowing registered users to electronically research accounting issues. Since 2009, the codification became the single source of nongovernmental authoritative GAAP.
One of the most debatable topics in the accounting industry today is the extent to which we should make the financial statements understandable to the general population.... ... middle of paper ... ... While there is a great deal of controversy over neutrality, it is again important that FASB maintain a careful balance between cost and effectiveness.
Marshall, M.H., McManus, W.W., Viele, V.F. (2003). Accounting: What the Numbers Mean. 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies.
To counter this problem, computer assisted audit techniques have been developed. These systems are able to provide a more in depth analysis of the utilized billing systems. Computer assisted audit techniques also enable highly efficient assessment of transactions. By utilizing this system, an auditor could gain a clearer picture of the revenue reporting mechanisms that are being utilized by the business office. Once the information is derived, however, its interpretation, while simpler, will still require an individual that is knowledgeable in regard to the revenue cycle
Marshall, D. H., McManus, W. W, & Viele, D. (2002). Accounting: What the Numbers Mean. 5th ed. San Francisco: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.
This paper will discuss these steps in detail. Because I work at home, I am not currently involved in any of the steps of the accounting cycle. The examples I give in this paper will be from various jobs I have held in the past.
Transactional Processing The accounting software packages developed and distributed by Sage and Microsoft, respectively, each use their own methods for recording accounting information. Sage 50. There are three different areas that must be discussed. These are the revenue, expenditure, and financing cycles. These areas are written about from the author's own knowledge from using the software, as learned from the book by Carol Yacht (2013).
FASB Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts (CON) 5, Recognition and Measurement in Financial Statements of Business Enterprises, set forth the historic guiding principle to revenue recognition. Pursuant to paragraph 83, for revenue to be recognized it must be (a) realized or realizable and (b) earned. Revenues are “realized” when products, goods, services, or other assets are exchanged for cash or claims to cash. They are “realizable” when related assets received or held are readily convertible to known amounts of cash or claims of cash. Revenue is “earned” when an entity has “substantially accomplished what it must do to be entitled to the benefits represented by the revenues.” SEC Staff Accounting Bulleting (SAB) 104, Revenue Recognition issued in December 2003 provided additional guidance to when revenue is realized or realizable and earned setting forth four basic criteria: (1) persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, (2) delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, (3) the seller’s price to the buyer is fixed or determinable, and (4) collectibility is reasonable assured.
At a glance, accounting might appear as a repetitive cycle of preparing and examining financial statements. However, a brief exposure to accounting has taught me how chaotic it can be for accountants. An accountant captures and represents the information of businesses. By reviewing financial operations, an accountant helps a business run efficiently. This profession can be intellectually stimulating and rewarding. After learning about accounting, I cannot help but be interested and desire to work toward a degree in accountancy. In my studies, I have learned accountants require a plethora of qualities to be successful. And to mature from a student to a professional, I must resolve to strengthen my weaknesses. There is much I must learn and achieve, but a degree in accounting is well worth the time spent.