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Monopolistic competition in the retail industry
Changes in people's way of shopping
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Recommended: Monopolistic competition in the retail industry
Retailing in the U.K
The retail industry in the UK is a highly competitive arena, in which
price rollbacks, promotions and heavy discounts are the tools in the
battle for share in an increasingly consolidated market. Over the
review period, the increased concentration of the retail market in the
hands of a smaller number of operators allowed superior economies of
scale, which in turn created lower and more affordable prices. Far
wider consumer choice was also made possible as retail outlet sizes
grew.
Consumer confidence has been maintained even though problems such as
those of 11 September 2001, a serious foot and mouth outbreak in
British farming in 2001, and a wider global economic downturn. We are
still a nation of shopkeepers, and shoppers: employment in retailing
has increased, and there are signs that consumers are becoming
cannier, more selective and more demanding, in terms of price. Also,
greater affluence has brought with it a taste for the good life:
higher quality food products, more expensive personal and electrical
goods with which to indulge our leisure time, and also a desire to cut
corners and choose simplicity and convenience, both in food buying,
and sectors such as DIY and even clothing, where high style and
seasonal fashion changes have given way to functionality and ease of
wear. This reflects the changing lifestyles of women, which influenced
many of the retail trends between 1999 and 2003. More women working,
both full-time and part-time, greater affluence among parents, less
time to be at home and cook, sew and clean, and ultimately less time
to shop, has had a huge impact on the high street, as one-s...
... middle of paper ...
...e end of this period.
The leading revenue source for the UK menswear market in 2004 was the
trousers sector, which accounted for 46.5% of the market’s value. In
value terms this sector was worth $6 billion in 2004. The shirts
sector generated the second largest revenues
in 2004, reaching a value of $4.2 billion, equivalent to 32.4% of the
market’s value.
Going forward, the market is expected to continue expanding at similar
growth rates.
By 2009, the market is forecast to reach a value of $15.3 billion,
which equates to a
CAGR of 3.5% in the 2004-2009 periods, higher than the European
market. The
European figure will be bolstered by the likes of Russia and Poland
(expected to grow with CAGRs of 8.5% and 8.1%) but hindered by many of
the UK’s western Counterparts, recovering from recent declines.
In his book A Shopkeepers Millenium, Paul E. Johnson tells of a settlement in early 1800s Western New York called Rochester, an inland, water-powered town which thrived by dint of mercantilism, trade, and supplying manufacturing goods for nearby towns and travelers passing through. Rochester’s mills made it famous, and commerce thrived in Rochester because it had goods that were in high demand. Rochester’s settlers were wealthy men, and maintained this by carefully courting wealthy women or having their family members marry into wealth. In the late 1820’s, Rochester succumbed to public drunkenness, debauchery, and an uncontrolled lower class. Johnson argues that the evangelical revival during the winter of 1931 was a reaction to dissolution
The open shop movement was an attempt on the part of corporations, trade associations, chambers of commerce, and their political supporters to weaken the organized labor movement by requiring employees to work in an open or nonunion workplace. Gains in labor union membership in the early 20th century prompted sharp responses from employers and businessmen, and antiunion organizations such as the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) and the American Anti-Boycott Association organized campaigns at both the local and national level aimed against strikes, boycotts, and political action among workers. Although the majority of employers had long opposed labor unions and resisted the closed or union shop (whereby workers were required to join the union as a condition of their employment), the open shop movement began in earnest in response to the wave of labor unrest that followed World War I.
Mayer, M. L. (1989). 1949-1989: retail reflections. Journal of Retailing, V65 n3, p 396. JAI press, Inc.
Industry Overview Some 400,000 specialty retail stores operate in the US with combined annual sales of $350 billion. CAGR 2002-06: 5%. Market is dominated by large players like Best Buy, Toys “R” Us, Gap, Sports Authority, etc. The market size of some major product categories.
The government forecasts that by 2019, the GDP will rise of 0.2%. The consumer’s behaviour towards this economic recession will change and therefore affect the retail industry. Harrods will need to spend more money and investment in order to float or maintain business sustai...
The Great Success of Out of Town Shopping Centres Out of town shopping centres such as Meadowhall are very recent creations and did not exist 20 years ago. These shopping centres are usually built near main roads such as motorways as they are easy to access. Shopping centres such as Meadowhall are either built on Greenfield (building on farmland) or Brownfield (building on derelict industrial land) sites as the land is cheap and there is plenty of space for future expansion and car parking. As the land is cheap it allows individual shops to use large areas of floor space.
Department stores that may want to develop or expand private labels to replace lagging national brands should be aware of the downfalls as well as the benefits.
Allen, J. (2009) ‘One-stop shopping: the power of supermarkets’, in Taylor, S., Hinchliffe, S., Clarke, J. and Bromley, S. (eds)
show the amount of vacancies in a job centres, if they can see if they
The retail industry is as old as human civilizations, and it’s worth noting the retail sector is much better geared to change than most sectors. Over the past couple of decades there has been a wide range of changes in the retailing business. The retail sector dates back to the early 1800’s when the first local corner store sold common household items and basic groceries. As its name states, the corner store was just that, stores strategically placed on corners on high foot traffic areas for easy access. As society started to grow so did the need for new consumer goods and how a consumer would reach those goods. Department stores became popular simply because they were able to offer an assortment of categories and a variety of items within those categories all under one roof. The first two cities to start developing large scale department stores were New York City, and Chicago. In New York in 1846, the first building was built offering a variety of goods at fixed prices that were shipped from Europe. Department stores moved away from the idea of bartering and all items sold were considered fixed. However, department stores did offer discounts and coupons as a way to get customers in the door. In 1862, the largest department store was built during this time in New York City. The department store was on a full city block with eight floors and nineteen departments of dress goods, furnishing materials, carpets, fine china, toys and sports equipment. All these items were arranged around a central glass-covered court. The glass windows quickly became a staple in the department stores design. The act of window shopping was introduced and quickly all department stores had floor to ceiling windows advertising the newes...
For the food retailers, food is the core of the business and the principal traffic driver. Tesco and ASDA have both managed to become destination outlets for some non-foods, but that is very unusual in the context of UK food retailing.
America spends more money on health care than any other nation in the world. It is surprising to note that despite the amount of money spent on health care, 16.7% of the total population in the nation still remains uninsured. According to World Health Organization reports, ‘America ranks 37 in health system’ (Gardner, 2010). A close look into the issue will reveal the fact that physicians in the US are getting a wage two times higher than those in Europe. In addition, the nation is facing acute shortage of doctors, thus compounding the problem. Probably as a result of these situations, there has been a growth in the number of retail clinics in the nation with the current number being above 1,000. As Kaissi and Zucker (2010) reports, this number is expected to rise to nearly 6,000 soon. These clinics are either independently managed or are in contract with hospitals and staff nursing practitioners instead of physicians. Many people consider these clinics as a boon because of their easy accessibility, less expenditure, and evidence-based care. Many others, especially physician bodies and large hospitals oppose vehemently citing a possible fall in safety and quality, the possibility of the underserved being neglected, the possibility of giving up the medical care received through medical home, (Retail Clinics: Six state approaches to regulation and licensing, California Health Foundation, 2009, p. 1). It includes, as Fairman, Rowe, Hassmiller and Shalala (2011) opine, the possible exploitation by retail clinics for purchase of unwanted medication, and the disputes regarding the ownership of retail clinics due to the differences among the laws of different states.
In the early 1800s, France was the sole fashion capital of the world; everyone who was anyone looked towards Paris for inspiration (DeJean, 35). French fashion authority was not disputed until the late twentieth century when Italy emerged as a major fashion hub (DeJean, 80). During the nineteenth century, mass produced clothing was beginning to be marketed and the appearance of department stores was on the rise (Stearns, 211). High fashion looks were being adapted and sold into “midlevel stores” so that the greater public could have what was once only available to the social elite (DeJean, 38). People were obsessed with expensive fashions; wealthy parents were advised not the let their children run around in expensive clothing. People would wait for children dressed in expensive clothing to walk by and then they would kidnap them and steal their clothes to sell for money (DeJean, 39). Accessories were another obsession of France‘s fashion; they felt no outfit was complete without something like jewelry or a shrug to finish off the look and make it all around polished (DeJean, 61). As designers put lines together, marketing began to become important to fashion in the nineteenth century; fashion plates came into use as a way to show off fashion l...
Even the slowdown in current global economies could not bring retail sector down as retailers keep seeking for opportunities overseas to avoid challenging economic condition, which make this sector becoming more globalised and competitive. As an heir of an industrial components retailer, I also believe there are bountiful opportunities to grow in this emerging industry. But without deeply and truly understanding in every aspect of retailing, one could not survive in the battle. For this reason, I would like to pursue my education further by studying Master in retail management to obtain knowledge in retailing and hopefully become successful in the field.
The nature of the business of retailing puts retailers at a assumed risk of incurring costs because products are bought with the assumption that consumers will purchase. Additionally there are external factors that may also pose risks such as natural disasters, theft, spoilage and fire. In other circumstances retailers also extends financial credit to customers in the form of credit sales which facilitates the smooth transition from retailers to the marketplace. Retailers are in constant contact with customers which gives them the opportunity to research and study buyer’s behaviour. This involves collecting information about changes in customer preferences, perception and shifts in the demand curve. Through advertising within their stores retailers are able to exhibit and introduce existing and new products to the marketplace. Ultimately retailers are in the business of selling products to customers to achieve their goals of generating