Ramesses II also known as Ramses the Great is one of the greatly known Egyptian pharaohs. Under his rule, Egypt prospered. He created great monuments, won battles and even created the first peace treaty in history. His rule was the second largest in Egypt, ruling for about sixty-six years. He was a great warrior and like all Egyptian pharaohs, he was said to be the living God. Ramses is also said to be the pharaoh of the biblical book Exodus.
Ramses was born to Queen Tuya and Pharaoh Seti I in 1292 BCE. He was the third pharaoh of the nineteenth dynasty. He was married to Nefertari who was said to be his favorite wife she was the queen of Egypt. He had 200 other wives and had more than 160 kids. 96 of them sons and 60 of them daughters. Surprisingly Ramses outlived the majority of his wives and children. Ramses died in 1213 BCE at the age of ninety.
Ramses was a great warrior and that is shown in the Battle of Kadesh. This battle was between Ramses II of Egypt and Muwatalli II of the Hittite Empire. They were battling over the Syrian territory, especially Kadesh which was a very prosperous city and popular with the trade. This battle with the Hittites had been existing for a while. Ramses had taken with him 4 military divisions with him Amun, Ra, Seth, and Ptah with a total of 20,000 infantry and 2,000 chariots. The army of Muwatalli had 40,000-foot soldiers and 3,000 chariots. When Ramses was on his way to Kadesh the Egyptians captured two Hittites who were sent to spy on the Egyptian army. The Egyptian soldiers to them to the pharaoh. There Ramses questioned
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them, not knowing that these men were very loyal to the Hittite king Ramses received false information. The informants said that the Hittite army had fled because the king was scared of the pharaoh. Believing this Ramses continued with his men. The Hittites were actually hiding in the area and they were prepared to attack. They did they attacked the division Amun where the pharaoh was. Ramses and his division were very ahead of the others and that caused them to be by themselves against the Hittites. Muwatalli thinking that he defeated Ramses and his army let his guard down. Big mistake because Ramses got his men back up and counter-attacked. The Egyptian chariots were way easier to maneuver than the chariots of the Hittites. Ramses was able to not get defeated but didn’t get victory either. Instead, he just retreated honorably. Yet when he got back to Egypt he claimed victory and the city of Kadesh. Ramses held celebrations and festival for his “victory” on the Hittites. The Hittites also claimed victory in the battle and Kadesh. Since the Hittites and the Egyptians couldn’t agree who won they decided to meet in Kadesh fifteen years after the war in 1259 BCE.
The Hittites and the Egyptians made a peace treaty since the outcome of the war wasn’t decided. The peace treaty ended the war between Egypt and the Hittites that had lasted for eighty years. That peace treaty between the Egyptians and Hittites was the world's first peace
treaty. Ramses had achieved great things during his reign with being a great warrior and also being a great architect. He built marvelous monuments which include Abu Simbel, Luxor Temple, Ramesseum and his city Pi- Ramses. Abu Simbel was constructed from 1264 BCE to 1244 BCE, the construction lasted for twenty years. Abu Simbel are two massive rock temples The Great Temple was dedicated to the Gods Amun, Ra-Horakhty, Ptah and himself. The Small Temple was dedicated to his Queen Nefertari and the goddess Hathor. Abu Simbel also has written on its walls the Battle of Kadesh. Telling the story of how Ramses and his army headed to the city of Kadesh against the Hittite Army. Ramses also built the Ramesseum. The Ramesseum was the funerary temple of Ramses, It was located in the West bank of the Nile in what would have been Upper Egypt. The temple is dedicated to the god Amun and himself with a 57 feet statues of Ramses II sitting. Inside the temple, there are records of the Battle of Kadesh, the Festival of Min (celebrating the god Min who was the god of fertility, virility, and reproduction) and the Syrian Wars. Ramses also moved the Capital of Egypt and built a new city called Pi-Ramesses meaning the “House of Ramesses”. It was located near the old city of Avaris and was the greatest city at that time is even greater the Thebes the largest city and the old capital of Egypt. The thought that Pi-Ramesses was close to the old city made the new capital even greater. Avaris was very respected by the Ancient Egyptians, it was a site of trade. It was also the capital of the Hyksos or “rules of the foreign land.” This new city was intended to show all the glory of Egypt and Ramesses reign. It was supposed to set a good impression on the Egyptians and it did. Pi-Ramesses was the first city you would see when you went to Egypt and it was a very beautiful prosperous city leaving all visitors amazed. After Ramesses death the city continued to be the capital of Egypt, the only problem was that after Ramesses there were no power strong leaders like him. The only one that came close was Ramesses III, after that they all were weaker and continued getting weaker as new leaders came. The city had to be abandoned because the Nile had changed route affecting the lives of the Egyptians. They moved south to the city of Tanis. Some of Ramses temples and statues were moved down to Tanis. Pi-Ramesses is now underground, under the village of Qantir. All that people can see is the top of the Temple of Set and Ramesses statue.
Ramses had a harsh and profound life, yet he was able to accomplish, build, and expand so many ideas across Egypt and even into today. Ramses II made most decisions based on his involvement whether that was war, politics, or ruling. Egypt had to rely on Ramses II to be Pharaoh when his father died. This step in which Ramses had to take at the age of 19 was hard to fulfill with only some training by his father. Ramses was able to accomplish many innovations that have survived to be around today. As ruler Ramses was also the leader of his army and led many battles including the famous war between the Egyptians and Hittites. Ramses created the first treaty to be written down after a war. Ramses has been known to be one of the most profound Pharaoh in history. Even though Egypt relied on Ramses II to be Pharaoh at such a young age, Egypt did not rely just on his judgment, but rather his personal involvement. He expanded Egypt to its’ greatest and highest with a thriving economy and enriched structural growth. Ramses II led for 66 years bringing Egypt to its’ highest power, territorial gain, and economical wealth.
Not much is known about Ramesses’ III childhood, it’s likely though that he led the “typical” pharaoh’s childhood until he was old enough to have any power, and then later take control.
The fundamental features of the Warrior Pharaoh image during New Kingdom Egypt included; leading his soldiers into battle and returning in victory, attacking the enemy in his horse-drawn chariot which was adopted from the Hyksos, wearing war regalia , larger than life expectations and finally offering the spoils of war to the god Amun, the inspiration of his victory. Due to the absence of the their pharaohs on military campaigns, the Queens began to play a more prominent role within the New Kingdom Egypt’s society, however this was a short term consequence of the civil war as it was only necessary when the Pharaoh left to go to war or on a campaign. The rise in roles and prominences amongst the Queen’s slowly decreased towards the end of the war until Hatshepsut comes into power. After this the Queen’s involvement seems to disappear and we begin to no longer hear about
Ancient Egypt is home to one of the greatest female pharaoh. Queen Hatshepsut. She was the first female pharaoh and did great things.
After beginning his career in law, Clay married a woman named Lucretia Hart. Together, they had 11 children, (5 sons and 6 daughters). Out of all 11 of his children, 7 died before him and his wife. Henry’s wife died in 1864 at 83 years old.
During the time of Ancient Egypt, having strong Pharaohs was essential to the maintenance and growth of the civilization, as the Pharaohs were believed to be living Gods. Although leadership of Ancient Egypt was often male dominated, there were admirable female Pharaohs who successfully gained power and left behind a positive legacy; one woman to achieve this was Hatshepsut, meaning ‘foremost of female nobles’. Her innovation and determination allowed her to maintain her position of Pharaoh for about twenty years (1479-1458 BCE). Hatshepsut was considered to be a very successful leader because of her confidence and ambition, magnificent building projects, and establishment of a strong trading network.
After her father’s death when she was 12, Hatshepsut became the queen of Egypt when she married her half-brother and he became the Pharaoh Thutmose II. He was the son of her father and one of his second wives. During the reign of Thutmose II, Hatshepsut assumed the traditional role of queen and principal wife. During their marriage, Hatshepsut and Thutmose II were not able to produce a male heir but had a daughter named Neferure. Because she was the first and main wife and queen of Thutmose II, when he died, she proclaimed herself the fifth Pharaoh while denying the old Kings son, her nephew.
When Ramses became pharaoh, he had as many women as his heart desired and they were his greatest supporters. Ramses II built a king-size family with a 'considerable harem of wives and concubines'. He had 5 or 6 main wives and is known to have had more than 100 children with all of his wives. His favorite wife was the beautiful Nefertari, his chief queen and mother of his first-born son and other children. Ancient statues and inscriptions suggest she often appeared at her husband's side on state occasions and during religious ceremonies early in his reign.
The Battle of Kadesh was a turning point during Ramesses II reign, and it greatly influenced how he represented himself in propaganda.
Little is known about the origins of Nefertiti but it seems unlikely that she was of royal blood. We know of no one claiming to be related to Nefertiti. Her father was possibly a high official of Amenhotep III and Akhenaten called Ay, who went on to become Pharaoh after Tutankhamun. "Nefertiti may have been a foreigner who, quite literally, arrived at the Egyptian court in order to marry the king"(Tyldesley 1999). There is no firm date for the royal marriage; although monumental evidence suggests that it occurred either just before or shortly after Amenhotep's accession to the throne. Akhenaten and Nefertiti had six daughters, the elder three being born at Thebesm and the younger three at Amarna: Meritaten (Beloved of the Aten'), Meketaten (Protected by the Aten'), Ankhesepaaten (Living through the Aten'), Neferneferuaten (Exquisite Beauty of The Sun Disc'), Neferneferure (Exquisite Beauty of Re'), and Setepenre (Chosen of Re') (Tyldesley 1999). It is possible that she also had sons, although no record has been found of this. It was a practice in Egyptian art not to portray the male heirs as children. Possibly, she may have been the mother of Tutankhamun, the boy pharaoh who succeeded to the throne at the age of eleven and died nine years later (Sporre 2000).
Ramses III (reigned 1182-1151 BC), Egyptian king of the 20th dynasty, a great military leader who repeatedly saved the country from invasion. In the 5th year of his reign, Ramses defeated an attack by the Libyans from the west, and two years later he routed invaders known as the Sea Peoples. In his 11th year he again repelled an attempted attack by the Libyans. Ramses was also a builder of temples and palaces in the tradition of his 19th-dynasty predecessor, Ramses II. His victories are depicted on the walls of his mortuary temple at Medinet Habu, near Luxor. Egyptian records tell of a strike by workers at Ramses's burial site and a plot against the king near the end of his reign. Ramses III was the last of the great rulers and after his death there were centuries of weakness and foreign domination.
Aphrodite, goddess of love and beauty, later rose from the sea where Uranus's body had been thrown. Now Cronus became king of the universe. Cronos married his sister, Rhea, and they had six children. At the time of Cronos's marriage to Rhea, Gaea prophesied that one of his children would overthrow Cronos, as he had overthrown Uranus. To protect himself, Cronos swallowed each of his first five children -- Hestia, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and Poseidon -- immediatly after birth.
The Battle of Salamis is said to be one of the most important battles in all of history. It was a naval battle fought between the massive Persian army and smaller Greek army in the Bay of Salamis in 480 BCE. This battle was one of the many battles that were a part of the Greco-Persian war. This paper will explore the events leading up to the battle, the battle itself, including advantages and disadvantages both sides had on one and other, and will finally discuss the affects the result of this battle had on each side. Surprisingly, the much smaller Greek army defeated the Persians at the Battle of Salamis.
Hatshepsut was born to Ahmose and Tuthmosis I, who was pharaoh at the time. Tuthmosis I and Ahmose also gave birth to two sons, both of whom died, leaving Hatshepsut as the only heir to the throne. It is unknown whether her parents raised her to become the pharaoh or not, but she grew up and married her half-brother, Tuthmosis II. Marrying within your family was a regular practice in royal families because it kept blood lines intact. Tuthmosis II and Hatshepsut had a daughter together named Neferure. Hatshepsut’s father died when she was very young, probably around 15 years old. Tuthmosis II took over, but only ruled for about three or four years, when he died from what is believed to be a skin disease. After his death, Tuthmosis the III, Hatshepsut’s stepson, was still too young to rule, which led to her ruling as Queen’s Regent. Her charismatic personality and group of followers led to her fully becoming pharaoh about seven years into Tuthmosis III’s rule. While having a female pharaoh was not unprecedented, Hatshepsut was the first to take on the f...
In November 1582 he married Anne Hathaway. He was 18 and she was 26. They had 3 children. May 1583 they had Susanna then two years later had twins, Hamnet and Judith. Hamnet died at the age of 11. Susanna married a physician in 1607, and Shakespeare's other daughter married to a vintner in 1616.